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1、專題十二主謂一致了解主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)方面保持一致的原則、主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在意義上保持一致的原則以及一些特殊形式的一致原則。預(yù)測(cè)2018年安徽省中考會(huì)將主謂一致與動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等結(jié)合起來(lái)考查??键c(diǎn)1主謂一致應(yīng)遵循的原則1.語(yǔ)法一致原則主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:1 )The number of mistakes was surprising.錯(cuò)誤的數(shù)量令人吃驚。2 )Jane and Mary look heathy and strong.簡(jiǎn)和瑪麗看起來(lái)既健康又強(qiáng)壯。典例( 2017貴陽(yáng)改編 )We all know that one of
2、the worlds most popular sportsfootball. A.amB.isC.are D.be【解析】考查主謂一致。從句的主語(yǔ)是one of the worlds most popular sports,為單數(shù)概念,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?!敬鸢浮?B2.意義一致原則( 1 )主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的詞有people,police,cattle等。例如:The crowd were running for their lives.那一群人正奔跑著逃命。( 2 )主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù),而意義上卻是單數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。形式
3、上為復(fù)數(shù)而意義上為單數(shù)的名詞有news,works( 工廠 )和一些以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱,如physics,politics等。例如:The news was very exciting.這則新聞非常令人興奮。3.就近原則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞,如用連詞or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.等連接的并列主語(yǔ)。例如:Neither your students nor Mr.Wang knows this.你的學(xué)生和王老師都不知道這件事。4.就遠(yuǎn)原則當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面接with,along with,together with,as
4、well as等連接并列的主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)( 即謂語(yǔ)與最遠(yuǎn)處的主語(yǔ)保持一致 )。例如:1 )Mr.Wang,as well as his children is going to Shanghai next week.王先生和他的孩子們打算下周去上海。2 )Li Lei with his classmates is asked to join in Jimmys birthday party.李雷和他的同學(xué)們被邀請(qǐng)來(lái)參加吉米的生日派對(duì)??键c(diǎn)2主謂一致應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題1.“a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;“the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞
5、”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:1 )A number of famous people were invited to the party.許多名人都被邀請(qǐng)參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)。2 )The number of the students is over eight hundred.學(xué)生人數(shù)超過(guò)800。典例( 2017黑龍江齊齊哈爾改編 )A number of visitorsvisiting the West Lake and the number of visitorsincreasing. A.are;is B.is;areC.are;areD.is;is【解析】考查主謂一致?!癮 num
6、ber of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;“the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?!敬鸢浮?A2.當(dāng)kind of,pair of,glass of 等表示確定數(shù)量的名詞短語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與kind,pair,glass等的形式一致。例如:1 )This pair of shoes is Toms.這雙鞋是湯姆的。2 )There are two glasses of water on the table.桌上有兩杯水。3.以here,there開頭的句子,若有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式通常與臨近的主語(yǔ)一致。例如:1 )T
7、here is a book and three pens on the desk.桌子上有一本書和三支鋼筆。2 )Here are some books and paper for you.這是給你的書和紙。4.由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但and所連接的并列主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人、事物或概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:1 )The writer and the teacher are coming.作家和老師來(lái)了。( 作家和老師是兩個(gè)人 )2 )The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼老師來(lái)了。( 作家兼教師指同一個(gè)人 )5.f
8、amily,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),若指一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;若指具體成員,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:1 )Our class are very friendly.我們班上的人都很友好。2 )His family isnt large.他家人口不多。6.表示時(shí)間、價(jià)格、重量、數(shù)目、長(zhǎng)度等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),通??醋饕粋€(gè)整體概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:Ten miles isnt a long distance.十英里并不是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。7.動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如:Doing morning exercises is good for your health.早晨鍛煉對(duì)你的健康有益。