江蘇省南通市啟東中學高中英語《Unit 3 Amazing people》詞匯講解1 牛津譯林版必修2

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1、江蘇省南通市啟東中學高中英語《Unit 3 Amazing people》詞匯講解1 牛津譯林版必修2 I.詞語辨析： 1、receive / accept receive：指客觀“收到、獲得”，不涉及主觀意愿。 e.g. She received many flowers from her students. I received your letter the day before. accept：指主觀同意“接受” e.g. Would you accept my apology for my having been rude to you? He received yo

2、ur present but he didn’t accept it. 2、in / within in：可解釋為“在……內”，也可解釋為“在……之外、過……時間”，用于將來時。 e.g. They finished their work in three working days. He will be back in about a month. within：只解釋為“在……之內、范圍內”。 e.g. The school is within two kilometers from here. Within only an hour, they finished the w

3、ork, which was a wonder. 比較：after after：后接一段時間時，通常用于過去時，相當于：… later e.g. After three days = three days later, he came to life. 但當after后接點的時間時，也可用于將來時。 e.g. He will go home after five o’clock this afternoon. 3、left / remaining：adj. 剩下的、剩余的、余下的 left：作后置定語用。 e.g. You’d finish the task within th

4、e three minutes left. remaining：作前置定語用。 e.g. I’ll use the remaining money to buy you a new pen. 習慣上還可用 … to go來表示“余下的”， 作后置定語。 e.g. There are five minutes to go / left before we leave here. 4、become / turn：變得、成為，均可以后接名詞或形容詞。 become：后接名詞或形容詞時，沒什么特殊的注意點。 e.g. The man became angry when he heard

5、these words . She became an actress when she was only 16 years old. turn：后接名詞時，名詞前不能用冠詞。 e.g. The weather will turn cold as winter comes. He will turn doctor when he graduates from the medical college. 注：go / get：也可表示變得，只是：get：一般指變好，go：一般指變壞。 e.g. The weather is getting better these days. The

6、 lady went mad when her only son died. II.重點詞語和句型 1、the + adj.： 英語中，“the + 形容詞”結構用來表示一類人，是復數(shù)。 e.g. the young, the educated, the middle-aged, the wise … The old are well looked after in this old house. The wounded are being tended in the hospital. 注：表示類別的還可用：a / an + 名詞單數(shù)（屬于單數(shù)）；the + 名詞單數(shù)（屬于單

7、數(shù)）； 名詞的復數(shù)（是復數(shù)） e.g. A horse is a useful animal. Students are persons who study at school. The telephone was invented by a man called Bell. 注：表示發(fā)明物，用：the + 名詞（單數(shù)） 2、win a prize for：贏得一個……獎 e.g. She won a prize for English. take the first / second … place in…：在……比賽中的第……名 e.g. My brother took

8、the second place in the maths competition. come out first / second …：得第一、二……名 e.g. Who came out first in the English spoken contest? win的用法： win sth.：贏了…… e.g. win a football match / battle / war / much money… win … over：把……爭取過來 e.g. His moving speech won many people over to his side. 3、the

9、 way we live today：我們今天的生活方式。 當way作“方式、方法”解，作定語從句的先行詞時，定于從句的引導詞通常用以下三種形式：in which、 that、 ×(省略）。 e.g. I like the way that / in which /× he does the experiment. He expressed himself in a way we are not so familiar. 4、set sail for：開始向……航行、駛去 e.g. The next day we set sail for the USA. set有許多短語： s

10、et about doing sth：著手干…… e.g. Soon we set about ploughing the fields. set out to do sth：開始干…… e.g. They set out to mend the roof of the house. set aside：儲蓄、暫時放于一邊 e.g. It’s wise to set some money aside for future use. set off：出發(fā) e.g. We set off early the next morning. set out：出發(fā) e.g. They s

11、et out for the north, hoping to find land. set up：豎起、搭起、建立 e.g. Our school was set up in the late 50s of the last century. set foot on：踏上…… e.g. This is the first time that Man has set foot on this quiet planet — the moon. set fire to…：放火燒…… e.g. Someone set fire to the house and it was burnt

12、down in about an hour. 5、preserve：保護、保管、保存，維持（現(xiàn)狀） preserve sth.= protect sth. e.g. They tried every means to preserve the old temple. It is hard work to preserve these books dating from the Tang Dynasty. Food preserved in fridge will stay fresh for a long time. preserve … from…：保護……免于/免受…… e.

13、g. This method will preserve the food from going rotten. Please draw the curtain close to preserve your eyes from the strong sunlight. preserve one’s strength, preserve one’s sight, … 6、be (well) known / famous for：因……而出名、聞名 e.g. China is famous / well known for its long history. The writer is

14、famous / well known for his poems, not for his stories. be known / famous as：作為……而出名、聞名 e.g. Luxun is well known / famous as a revolutionary writer. Nanjing is known / famous as one of the four hot stoves in China. be known / famous to：為……人所知 e.g. The singer is well known / famous to all of us.

15、 7、It is the most important … that sb. have done.：在形容詞的最高級后面跟從句時，從句中要用完成時。 e.g. This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen so far. She is the most clever student that I have ever seen in this school. 還有一個句型也要注意：It / This is the first / second … time that sb. have done sth. e.g This

16、 is the fifth time that she has been in Beijing this year. It is the first time I have heard such a thing like that. 8、stir（stirred, stirred, stirring)： vt. 攪動、攪拌、把……攪進 e.g. Please stir the water when it boils. She stirred the tea with a golden spoon. vt. 激起（感情）、使……興奮 e.g. The question stirre

17、d our interest and curiosity. The interesting story stirred the children’s imagination. 9、empty：adj. ：空的 e.g. The empty room was soon filled with chairs and tables. The bag was empty and so the books were lost. vt. 倒空、傾空 e.g. The man emptied his pockets to prove his words. Soon the whole buil

18、ding was emptied and would be pulled down. 10、fall + adj.：變成……（的狀態(tài)），fall在這種結構中作系動詞用。 e.g. fall ill, fall asleep, fall apart, fall silent, fall blind, fall behind … 11、lead to：通向……、導致……,（to是介詞） e.g. Hard work will lead to success. What led to the big fire last night? His words lead to a heated

19、discussion among the students. Which road leads to the post office? The road leading to the park is closed for repairs. lead sb. to：帶某人去…… e.g. I will lead you to the place where your father works. The boy leading us to the factory is a junior student. lead sb. to do …：使某人興起……念頭、誘導某人做…… e.g.

20、His words led us to believe that Her advice led me to do it again. 注：leader：領導者； leadership：領導、指揮，在……的領導之下：under the leadership of sb. ； leading：主要的、領導的、一流的：a leading scientist 12、shortly after：……之后不久 e.g. Shortly after he graduated from college, he got work in a big company. She came back sho

21、rtly after she heard the news. 13、have sth. to do with：與……有關、有聯(lián)系 e.g. She has something to do with that accident. We have nothing to do with that matter at all. Do you have anything to do with what he said just now? 區(qū)分：have sth. done：使某事得予完成，請人做某事。 e.g I will have the radio fixed this afterno

22、on. 14、result in：結果、導致、引起 e.g. Smoking will result in illnesses. Driving after drinking often results in accidents. result from：由……而引起 e.g. Such diseases often result from eating too much.. Several deaths resulted from his careless driving. as a result (of …)：因為、由于（……） e.g. Many animals d

23、ied as a result of pollution from factories and cars. He didn’t study hard enough, as a result, he failed to pass the exam. 15、enter：vt. 進入、加入…… e.g. The teacher entered the classroom with a picture in his hand. She entered university when she was only 18 years old. enter into：開始（談話、討論等） e.g.

24、They entered into conversation with us. The two students entered into a serious discussion. entrance：入口、大門， the entrance to ….：……的入口 類似的有：key to the door, notes to the text, answer to the question,…. 16、in advance：事先、提前 e.g. You should pay me in advance and I’ll help you with this problem. I s

25、hall draw some money from the band in advance before the trip. in advance of：在……前面 e.g. She walked two meters in advance of the others. His idea was in advance of his time and few people could understand it. 17、wonder：vi. wonder at sth.：對……感到驚奇、驚訝； vt. wonder + 從句：驚奇…… e.g. We are all wondering

26、 at the little boy’s clever answer. They wondered at my strange behavior. I wonder that you got the result earlier than I vi. wonder about sth.：想知道有關…… e.g. I’m wondering about the ways to solve the problem. We never wonder about his reason for being late. vt.想知道…… e.g. We all wondered who di

27、d it and why he did it. I’m just wondering how I can repair the car quickly. n. 奇跡、神奇的人或事 e.g. There are many wonders in the world. (奇人奇事） It is really a wonder that he survived the terrible flood. It is no wonder (that) ….= No wonder (that) …：難怪…… e.g. No wonder that he was punished by

28、his father last night. 18、It is believed / said / known / reported … that…：人們相信、據(jù)說、眾所周知、據(jù)報道…… 這一句型中，it是形式主語，that從句是真正的主語。 e.g. It is believed that he has made a lot of money by doing business. It is known that these things are common nowadays. It is said that we will have an English exam n

29、ext week. 這一句型可以改寫成：Sb. / Sth. be believed / said / known / reported to do / have done / to be / to be doing ….。 e.g. Tom is said to have seen the film already. Mr. Black is reported to be making an important experiment in the lab. She is known to have been a Red Army Woman a long time ago. 19、

30、contribute：vt. 捐贈、提供= donate, contribute … to ….：吧……捐贈給…… e.g. The old lady contributed lots of money to the charity. I want to contribute 100 books to the school library. contribute to…：有助于……、對……有利 e.g. Proper exercise contributes to good health. Reading contributes to developing mind. A goo

31、d diet contributes to a quick recovery. make contributions to：對……作貢獻 e.g. The scientist has made great contributions to our country. 20、would rather would rather = had rather + do …（than do …)：寧可做……(而不愿做……） e.g. I would rather stay at home reading than see the film. She would rather die in dig

32、nity than live in humiliation. would rather + that從句… (從句中用過去時態(tài)表示虛擬語氣） e.g. I would rather that you hadn’t helped me last week. We would rather he wouldn’t come tomorrow. 21、pay：n. 薪資 e.g. This is your pay this week. vt. 支付 pay (sb.) money for (doing) sth. e.g. Have you paid (money) for the

33、book? I paid him 50 yuan for helping me with my work. pay的常用短語： pay back：償還： e.g. When will you pay my money back? pay for：付……的款 e.g. Help me and I’ll pay for it. pay off：全部還清、得到報償 e.g. I paid off all the money last week. I feel all my work has been paid off. pay up：付清、繳清 e.g. You c

34、an pay up my money in three months. 注：區(qū)分pay、 spend、 cost、 take的用法。 pay：主語是“人” spend：主語是“人”，常用：spend time/ money on sth. /( in) doing sth. cost：主語是“物”，常用：(Doing) sth. cost sb. sth. (money/ time / energy….) e.g. The pen cost him 100 yuan The boy’s illness cost the mother many sleepless nights.

35、Careless driving cost him a leg. take：主語通常是“物”，常用句式： (Doing) sth. take sb. time 或：It take (sb.) time to do sth. e.g. It took us about eight hours to repair the broken car. The bridge took the workers two years to complete. 22、If breathed in, ….：這是一個省略句，因為從句的主語與主句的主語相同，把從句的主語省了。 e.g. Please ans

36、wer in a loud enough voice when (you are) spoken to. Will you help him if (you are) asked to? The water will not be fit to drink once (it is) polluted. III. 語法點撥：過去完成時 過去完成時表示：在過去某個時間點以前或過去的某個動作之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)。過去完成時主要用于以下的幾種情況： 1、用于動作之間的比較：如果一個動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生于一個過去的動作之前，須用過去完成時； e.g. She had well prep

37、ared her lessons, so she got full marks in the exam. I had finished my homework when I went to bed. We had already known the news before he told us about it. 2、直接引語是一般過去式和現(xiàn)在完成時，把它們轉換成間接引語時，一般用過去完成時； e.g. “I didn’t go home last Sunday,” she told me. → She told me that she hadn’t gone home the Su

38、nday before. “We have already heard about the bad news,” they said. → They said that they had already heard about the bad news. 3、當句子中含有 “by…” 引導的過去時間狀語時； e.g. I had grasped about 10000 English words by the end of 2000. By the time she came, we had already completed our work and was waiting for

39、 her. 4、表示思維活動的動詞直接用過去完成時，表示一個過去未曾實現(xiàn)的想法或愿望，解釋為：本來想、本來以為、本來希望…… e.g. I had hoped to come into the classroom without the teacher’s notice. She had thought that I would go and help her. We had wanted to go there, but the weather was bad, so we stayed at home. 注：表示“想、打算”的動詞，有時候它們的過去式也可表示這一含義。 e.g.

40、 I thought you would like it, so I brought it here. I intended to help you, but was unable to leave home. IV. 鞏固練習： 1、The captain stood by the side of the ship, _____ thanks from the passengers as they walked down. A. receiving B. accepting C. to receive D. to accept 2、He will come to give

41、 us a report ____ 8 o’clock this evening. A. in B. within C. after D. for 3、— Are you _______ any better? — Better? No, I’m _____ from bad to worse. A. becoming… turning B. turning … going C. getting … turning D. getting … going 4、It is believed that ______ is invented by =======

42、=, an American. A. a computer B. the computer C. computer D. computers 5、My sister _____ first in the NMET in our school. A. won B. took the C. came out D. come the 6、Can you tell me the way ____ you solve the problem? Which answer is wrong? A. which B. that C. in which D. / 7、This

43、school was _______ in the early 50s. A. set up B. put up C. built up D. come up 8、He is known _____ people all over the country ____ a good singer ___ this song. A. for…to .. as.. B. to…for….as C. as…for…to D. to…as…for 9、She is the most hard-working student that I ________ . A. taught

44、 B. teach C. have taught D. had taught 10、He told me it was the second time that he _______ in Shanghai that year. A. has been B. had come C. came D. had been 11、Eating too much will _____ illnesses and many illnesses ______ bad diet. A. result in … result from B. result in … result in

45、 C. result from… result in D. result from… result from 12、When her son was admitted into Qinghua University, the mother felt all her efforts ____ . A. paid back B. paid for C. paid up D. paid off 13、He said he would have the car _____ the next day. A. to repair B. to be repaired C. repaire

46、d D. repairing 14、“It is said that he saw the film yesterday” means “He is said ______ the film yesterday. A. to have seen B. to see C. to be seen D. to be seeing 15、I won’t go to the party unless ______ to. A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. being asked 16、— Did you see the film last n

47、ight? — Yes, but it was boring. I would rather I ______ . A. hadn’t B. didn’t C. wouldn’t D. not 17、By the time mother comes home, we _____ the housework by ourselves. A. have finished B. will finish C. had finished D. will have finished 18、I’m going to the market. Do you have anything _

48、_____ ? A. buying B. to be bought C. for buying D. bought 19、It is said that he had ______ with the theft, so he was set free yesterday. A. something to do B. little to do C. nothing to be done D. anything to do 20、— Would you like me to help you with the heavy suitcase? — Thanks. ________ . A. Go ahead B. Take it C. I can manage D. Here you are Keys: 1-10: BCDBC, AADCD 11-20: ADCAA, ADBBC