2022年高中英語(yǔ) Unit 2 Grammar導(dǎo)學(xué)案 新人教版必修2

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1、2022年高中英語(yǔ) Unit 2 Grammar導(dǎo)學(xué)案 新人教版必修2 英語(yǔ)中的分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞，兼有動(dòng)詞、副詞和形容詞的特征。在句子中可以作定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。 考點(diǎn)一 現(xiàn)在分詞的基本形式 及物動(dòng)詞(do) 不及物動(dòng)詞(go) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 一般式 doing being done going 完成式 having done having been done having gone 1．現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式 一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作一般同時(shí)進(jìn)行。如： They

2、came in talking and laughing．他們談笑著進(jìn)來(lái)了。 Seeing nobody there，he turned off the lights． 看到?jīng)]人在那，他就把燈關(guān)了。 2．現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式 完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前。如： Having cleaned the desks，we began reading． 擦完了桌子后，我們便開(kāi)始看書(shū)。 Having been surrounded for a month，the enemy had to give in． 被包圍一個(gè)

3、月后，敵人不得不投降了。 3．現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)分為一般式和完成式兩種。一般式表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行?；蚺c謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。完成式表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了。如： The building being built will be our school library． 正在建造的那座大樓將是我們的校圖書(shū)館。 [例] ____ ，we were taken to Bee the library. A．We had been shown the classrooms B．Being

4、shown the classrooms C．Having been shown the classrooms D．Having shown the classrooms [解析] 句意：我們先被領(lǐng)著看了教室，又被帶去看圖書(shū)館。首先，句子主語(yǔ)與show之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此可排除D項(xiàng)；A項(xiàng)為句子，需要加連詞連接兩個(gè)分句；B項(xiàng)相當(dāng)于While we were being shown the classrooms，顯然與后面的時(shí)間有沖突，故只有C項(xiàng)正確。 4．現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式 現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式是在分詞前加not。如： Not daring

5、to speak，they sat there silent．他們不敢說(shuō)話(huà)，坐在那里一聲不吭。 Not having seen the film，I'm afraid I can’t say anything about it． 由于沒(méi)看過(guò)那部電影，恐怕我對(duì)它說(shuō)不出什么來(lái)。 考點(diǎn)二 現(xiàn)在分詞的基本用法 1．作定語(yǔ) (1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在它所修飾的名詞前。如果是短語(yǔ)則放在它所修飾的名詞后。如： I am reading an interesting book．我在看一本有趣的書(shū)。 Do you know the m

6、an sitting there?你認(rèn)識(shí)坐在那里的人嗎? (2)現(xiàn)在分詞修飾something，everything，anything，nothing，nobody等不定代詞或指示代詞those時(shí)，要放在這些詞的后面。如： There’s nothing interesting in his story． 他的故事中沒(méi)什么有意思的東西。 Will those teaching the children from abroad e to the headmaster's office? 那些教國(guó)外孩子的老師請(qǐng)到校長(zhǎng)辦公室來(lái)好嗎? 2．作

7、表語(yǔ) 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特征。如： The story is very touching．這個(gè)故事很動(dòng)人。 The news is encouraging．這消息令人鼓舞。 注意 be+v．-ing有三種不同的句法功能和含義： a．用作進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行(v．-ing為現(xiàn)在分詞)。 He is repairing his bike．他在修理他的自行車(chē)。 b．v．-ing為現(xiàn)在分詞，用作表語(yǔ)，表示句中主語(yǔ)所具有的特征，動(dòng)作意味減弱。(世時(shí)的現(xiàn)在分詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞) This film is

8、exciting．這部電影激動(dòng)人心。 e．v．-ing為動(dòng)名詞，用作表語(yǔ)。此時(shí)，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的概念是相同的。 The problem is finding land for it．問(wèn)題是要為此找到土地。 (The problem=finding land for it．) Her job is looking after children．她的工作是照看孩子。 3．作補(bǔ)語(yǔ) 表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞see，hear，feel，notice，watch，look at，listen to，smell以及表示“使”“讓”的動(dòng)詞have，get，keep

9、，send，set，find，catch(撞見(jiàn))等后常接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。 如果把這些句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，則現(xiàn)在分詞作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 I saw a girl running towards me．我看到一個(gè)女孩正朝我跑來(lái)。 I'm sorry to have kept you waiting．對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。 The police caught him stealing a car．警察當(dāng)場(chǎng)撞見(jiàn)他在偷汽車(chē)。 4．作狀語(yǔ) 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、原因、伴隨或方式、條件、讓步、結(jié)果等，且都可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。 Walkin

10、g in the park，she saw an old friend．(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)) 當(dāng)她在公園里散步時(shí)，她看到了她的一個(gè)老朋友。 Not knowing his address，I can’t write to him．(原因狀語(yǔ)) 由于不知道他的地址，我無(wú)法給他寫(xiě)信。 He came running back to tell me the news．(方式狀語(yǔ)) 他跑回來(lái)告訴我這個(gè)消息。 Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds，blocking roads，pa

11、ths and railway lines．(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)) 大風(fēng)刮倒了1500萬(wàn)棵樹(shù)，阻塞了大小道路和鐵路線(xiàn)。 注意 英語(yǔ)中有一部分分詞短語(yǔ)。它獨(dú)立存在，沒(méi)有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)。這些分詞短語(yǔ)已成為固定的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，常被看作句子的插入語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的有： generally speaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)。 strictly(honestly／frankly／roughly／broadly／)speaking 嚴(yán)格地(誠(chéng)實(shí)地／坦白地／粗略地／泛泛地)說(shuō) considering...考慮到……；鑒于…… judging from／by...根據(jù)…

12、…判斷 taking all／everything into consideration從各方面考慮 Considering his age，he is quite tall．鑒于他的年齡，他長(zhǎng)得確實(shí)高。 Judging from his look，he didn’t agree with you at all． 從他的神情判斷，他根本不同意你的看法。 【鞏固訓(xùn)練】 ( )1 More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays， ____ advantage of t

13、he health and relaxation benefits． A．taking B．taken C．having taken D．having been taken ( )2 The old man， ____ abroad for twenty years，is on the way back to his motherland． A．to work B．working C．to have worked D．having worked ( )3 ____ of danger in the street at night，she had

14、to go home，with a friend ____ her． A．Warned；followed B．Warning；following C．Having warned；following D．Having been warned；following ( )4 Having no money but ____ to know， he simply said he would go without dinner． A．not to want anyone B．wanted no one C．not wanting anyone D．to

15、 want no one ( )5 ____ that he was in great danger，Eric walked deeper into the forest． A．Not realized B．Not to realize C．Not realizing D．Not to have realized ( )6 The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ____ the desert． A．covering B．covered C．cover D．to cover

16、 ( )7 The programme was so ____ that the children kept their eyes ____ on the screen． A．exciting；fixed B．exciting；fixing C．excited；fixed D．excited；fixing ( )8 —Why did you go back to the shop? —I left my friend ____ there． A．waiting B．to wait C．wait D．waits ( )9 D

17、on’t leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth． A．run B．running C．being run D．to run ( )10 He looked around and caught a man ____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A．put B．to be putting C．to put D．putting ( )11 We often provide our children with toys， footballs

18、 or basketballs， ____ that all children like these things． A．thinking B．think C．to think D．thought ( )12 Don’t sit there ____ nothing，e and help me with this table． A．do B．to do C．doing D．a(chǎn)nd doing ( )13 The storm left， ____ a lot of damage to this area． A．caused B．t

19、o have caused C．to cause D．having caused ( )14 ____ ，the more expensive the camera，the better its quality． A．General speaking B．Speaking general C．Generally speaking D．Speaking generally ( )15 ____ with so much trouble，we failed to plete the task on time． A．Faced B．Face

20、 C．Facing D．To face ( )16 It is believed that if a book is ____ ，it will surely ____ the reader． A．interested；interest B．interesting；be interested C．interested；be interesting D．interesting；interest ( )17 Mr．Smith， ____ of the speech，started to read a novel． A．tired；boring B

21、．tiring；bored C．tired；bored D．tiring；boring ( )18 The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ____ as the plane was making a landing． A．seat B．seating C．seated D．to be seating ( )19 The meeting ____ over，he went to pick up his son directly． A．to be B．is C．was D．be

22、ing ( )20 ____ ，we’ ll go out for a walk． A．Weather permits B．Weather to permit C．Weather permitted D．Weather permitting ( )21 Everything ____ into consideration，they ought to have another chance． A．to take B．taken C．to be taken D．taking ( )22 I couldn’t do my homework wit

23、h all that noise ____ . A．going on B．goes on C．went on D．to go on ( )23 His words were very ____ ．Everyone was ____ by what he had said． A．frightened；frightening B．frightening；frightening C．frightened；frightened D．frightening；frightened ( )24 ____ that she was going o

24、ff to sleep，I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed． A．Seeing B．To see C．See D．Seen ( )25 After a knock at the door，the child heard his mother’ voice ____ him． A．calling B．called C．being called D．to call ( )26 I smell something ____ in the kitchen．Can I call you

25、back in a minute? A．burning B．burnt C．being burnt D．to be burnt ( )27 He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ____ in his lectures． A．interested B．interesting C．interest D．to interest ( )28 Laws that punish parents for their little children’s

26、actions against the laws get parents ____ ． A．worried B．to worry C．worrying D．worry ( )29 Mrs．White found her husband surrounded by letters and papers and ____ very worried． A．look B．looks C．looking D．to look ( )30 —It was too cold yesterday morning， and I couldn’t get my ca

27、r ____ . —Why didn’t you try ____ the battery with some hot water? A．started；to fill B．to run；filling C．going；fill D．starting；filling ( )31 ____ in the queue for half an hour， the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car． A．Waiting B．To wait C．Having waited

28、 D．To have waited ( )32 I hear they’ ve promoted Tom，but he didn’t mention ____ when we talked on the phone． A．to promote B．having been promoted C．having promoted D．to be promoted ( )33 The Town Hall ____ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time． A．to be p

29、leted B．having been pleted C．pleted D．being pleted ( )34 —e on，please give me some ideas about the project． —Sorry．With so much work ____ my mind，I almost break down． A．filled B．filling C．to fill D．being filled ( )35 The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to

30、struggle ____ . A．to be heard B．to have heard C．hearing D．being heard ( )36 When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there ____ for a space flight． A．training B．being trained C．to have trained D．to be trained ( )37 Peter received a letter just now ____ his grandma woul

31、d e to see him soon． A．said B．says C．saying D．to say ( )38 Susan wanted to be independent of her parents．She tried ____ alone，but she didn’t like it and moved back home． A．living B．to live C．to be living D．having lived ( )39 —They’ re quiet，aren’t they? —Yes．They are ac

32、customed ____ at meals． A．to talk B．to not talk C．to talking D．to not talking ( )40 You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ____ home in the snowstorm． A．walked B．walk C．to walk D．walking Unit 2 The Environment (Grammar and usage ) 導(dǎo)學(xué)案答案簡(jiǎn)析： 1. A 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。句子的主語(yǔ)people與take是主動(dòng)關(guān)

33、系，排除B及D；having taken是動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式，表示這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，而此句謂語(yǔ)sign up與take無(wú)先后關(guān)系，故排除C項(xiàng)。 2. D 根據(jù)句意：這位老人在國(guó)外工作了20年后，現(xiàn)在在回國(guó)的路上。work應(yīng)先發(fā)生。 3. D she和warn之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除B、C，warn動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故用完成式，排除A。 4. C but為并列連詞，前后應(yīng)用相同的動(dòng)詞-ing分詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，所以C項(xiàng)正確。 5. C 首先判斷Eric和realize應(yīng)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用realizing，not放于realizing前即構(gòu)成否定式。 6. A 句意：這

34、些野花就像是覆蓋在沙漠上的柔軟的桔色的地毯。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)，blanket與cover在邏輯上為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；D項(xiàng)表將來(lái)不符合題意。 7. A exci ng通常修飾物，excited通常修飾人或與人有關(guān)的事物。第二空their eyes和fix應(yīng)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 8. A leave sb．／sth．doing使……處于某狀態(tài)，waiting作賓補(bǔ)。 9. B 本題考查leave+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。leave在此處的意思是“留下；使……仍處于某種狀態(tài)”。當(dāng)leave后的賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)常用現(xiàn)在分詞，“l(fā)eave+賓語(yǔ)+v．-ing”句型。

35、10. D catch sb．doing sth正巧碰到(抓住)某人做某事。 11. A 句意：我們經(jīng)常會(huì)給孩子一些玩具、足球、籃球等，認(rèn)為所有的孩子都會(huì)喜歡這類(lèi)東西。本題主要考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法，其中主語(yǔ)we就是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，它與think之間是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表原因。 12. C 句意：別坐在那兒無(wú)所事事。過(guò)來(lái)幫我抬桌子。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷所填的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為伴隨狀語(yǔ)，因此選doing。B項(xiàng)to do不可表伴隨，A項(xiàng)do為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，D項(xiàng)去掉連詞and才正確。 13. D 不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)往往引出“出乎意料”的結(jié)果，故C項(xiàng)不對(duì)。本句這樣表述可能更容易理解：The storm，havin

36、g caused a lot of damage to this area，left．或者：Having caused a lot of damage to this area，the storm left．顯然，題干句的說(shuō)法避免了“頭重腳輕”的現(xiàn)象。句意：這次暴風(fēng)雨給本地帶來(lái)了很大危害后，停止了。 14. C generally speaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)，已成為固定的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，常用作插入語(yǔ)，所以選C。 15. A 句意：遇到如此多的困難，所以我們沒(méi)能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。主句主語(yǔ)與face(使……面對(duì))之間的關(guān)系為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 16. D 此題考查的是in

37、terest的不同用法:動(dòng)詞interest表示“使……感興趣”；現(xiàn)在分詞形式interesting表示具有某種特征“令人感興趣的”；過(guò)去分詞interested表示“對(duì)……感興趣”，主語(yǔ)通常是人。 17. A 句意：Mr．Smith聽(tīng)煩了乏味的演講，讀起了小說(shuō)。下面這兩個(gè)句子可幫助理解題干句：①M(fèi)r．Smith was tired of the speech．②The speech was boring． 18. C remain seated“保持坐著”表狀態(tài)，也可用sitting代替seated。 19. D 前后兩部分無(wú)連詞連接，故前面不能以句子形式出現(xiàn)，排除B、C；由語(yǔ)境

38、可知“會(huì)議結(jié)束了，他就直接去接兒子了”，排除A，選用D形成獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)，因邏輯主語(yǔ)是名詞the meeting，being還可省略。 20. D 根據(jù)題意可知，天氣允許是條件狀語(yǔ)，但允許這個(gè)動(dòng)作自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)“天氣”，出現(xiàn)在句子里了，就要看“允許”和“天氣”之間的關(guān)系，因?yàn)槭侵鲃?dòng)關(guān)系，所以要用weather pennitting，故選項(xiàng)D正確。 21. B 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知前半部分作狀語(yǔ)，everything和take之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除A和D，該句又相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)，排除C。 22. A 考查“with”+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。根據(jù)題意可知空格處為補(bǔ)語(yǔ)成分需用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞而排除

39、B、C兩項(xiàng)。雖然A、D兩項(xiàng)都可以作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)但兩者所表示的時(shí)間不同，A項(xiàng)中的going on表示正在進(jìn)行，而to go on表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，又因是作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，因此選擇A項(xiàng)，排除D項(xiàng)。 23. D frightening表示令人感到害怕；frightened表示人的心理狀態(tài)，表示感到害怕。 24. A seeing作原因狀語(yǔ)。 25. A 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式作賓補(bǔ)，賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間存在邏輯上主動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除B、C項(xiàng)。hear+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)，若用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，不定式符號(hào)to要省略，排除D項(xiàng)。 26. A burnt(燒焦)表完成；being burnt(正在被燒毀)表進(jìn)行被動(dòng)；to be bu

40、rnt(會(huì)被燒毀)表將來(lái)被動(dòng)；burning(在燒焦)表正在進(jìn)行。 27. A make為使役動(dòng)詞，其賓語(yǔ)them與賓補(bǔ)interested存在邏輯主謂關(guān)系。 28. A that引導(dǎo)laws的限制性定語(yǔ)從句。句意：因幼小的子女違法而懲罰父母的法律讓父母?jìng)儜n(yōu)心忡忡。 29. C look短語(yǔ)與surrounded短語(yǔ)同時(shí)用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。her husband和look之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用loking。 30. B geT my car to run或get my car started或get my car going都表示將我的車(chē)開(kāi)動(dòng)，而第二空try doing sth.表示

41、“嘗試做某事”。 31. C having waited所表示的動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，據(jù)題意等了半小時(shí)之后才意識(shí)到。 32. B mention后跟動(dòng)名詞形式，且promote與Tom之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)形式，又因promote發(fā)生在mention之前，用完成式。 33. C 句意：在19世紀(jì)初建成的市政廳是當(dāng)時(shí)最輝煌的建筑。設(shè)空處作The Town Hall的定語(yǔ)，B項(xiàng)不作定語(yǔ);A項(xiàng)表將來(lái)；C項(xiàng)表完成；D項(xiàng)表正在進(jìn)行。 34. B with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)為邏輯主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，即work和fill為邏輯主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，fill用filling形式。 35. A 我說(shuō)話(huà)是被別人聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，動(dòng)詞不定式表目的。 36. D 根據(jù)he和train之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除A、C項(xiàng)；作目的狀語(yǔ)，所以用不定式。 37. C saying作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞letter。 38. A try doing表嘗試做某事，try to do表盡力去做某事。 39. D be accustomed to doing sth．習(xí)慣于做某事，to為介詞。 40. D we had…為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為difficulty。句型為have difficulty(in)doing sth．。