（江蘇專版）2020版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題3 閱讀理解 第四節(jié) 主旨大意題 一 標(biāo)題歸納題學(xué)案 牛津譯林版

《（江蘇專版）2020版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題3 閱讀理解 第四節(jié) 主旨大意題 一 標(biāo)題歸納題學(xué)案 牛津譯林版》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（江蘇專版）2020版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題3 閱讀理解 第四節(jié) 主旨大意題 一 標(biāo)題歸納題學(xué)案 牛津譯林版（21頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、一、標(biāo)題歸納題 (2019·江蘇，D) The65-year-oldSteveGoodwinwasfoundsufferingfromearlyAlzheimer’s(阿爾茲海默癥).Hewaslosinghismemory. Asoftwareengineerbyprofession，Stevewasakeenloverofthepiano，andtheonlymusicianinhisfamily.Musicwashistruepassion，thoughhehadneverperformedoutsidethefamily. Melissa，hisdaughter，felti

2、tmorethanworthwhiletosavehismusic，towhichshefellasleepeachnightwhenshewasyoung.Shethoughtabouthiringaprofessionalpianisttoworkwithherfather. Naomi，Melissa’sbestfriendandatalentedpianist，gottoknowaboutthisandshowedwillingnesstohelp. “Whydothis？”Stevewondered. “Becauseshecares，”Melissasaid. Steven

3、odded，tearineye. NaomidrovetotheGoodwinhome.ShetoldSteveshe’dlovetohearhimplay.Stevemovedtothepianoandsatatthebench，handstremblingashegentlyplacedhisfingersonthekeys. Naomiputasmallrecordernearthepiano.Startsandstopsandmistakes.Longpauses，heartsinking.ButStevepressedon，playingforthefirsttimeinhisl

4、ifeforastranger. “Itwasbeautiful，”Naomisaidafterlisteningtotherecording.“Themusicwasworthsaving.” Herresponsibility，herprivilege，wouldbetorescueit.ThemusicwasstillinSteveGoodwin.Itwashiddeninroomswithdoorsabouttobelocked. NaomiandStevemeteveryotherweekandspenthourstogether.He’dmovehisfingersclums

5、ilyonthepiano，andthenshe’dtakehisplace.Hestruggledtoexplainwhatheheardinhishead.Hestoodbythepiano，eyesclosed，listeningforthefirsttimetohisownworkbeingplayedbysomeoneelse. SteveandNaomispokeinmusicalcode：lines，beats，intervals，movingfromtheroottoendasonginanewkey.Steveheardit.Allofit.Hejustcouldn’tpl

6、ayit. WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.Ithadexcitedwithinhimthebeliefhecouldwriteonelastsong.Oneday，Naomireceivedanemail.Attachedwasarecording，arecordingoflossandlove，ofthefight.Stevecalledit“MelancholyFlower”. Naomiheardmultiplestopsandstarts.Stevestruggling，searchingwhilehiswifeJonicalledhim“h

7、oney”andencouragedhim.Thetaskwassohard，andSteve，angryandupset，saidhewasquitting.Jonipraisedhim，tellingherhusbandthiscouldbehissignaturepiece. Naomimanagedtofigureout16ofSteve’sfavorite，andmostpersonal，songs.WithNaomi’shelp，theGoodwinfamilyfoundasoundengineertorecordNaomiplayingSteve’ssongs.Jonithou

8、ghtthatwouldbetheend.Butitwasn’t. Inthemonthsleadinguptothe2016OregonRepertorySingersChristmasconcert，Naomitoldthedirectorshehadaspecialoneinmind：“MelancholyFlower”. ShetoldthedirectoraboutherprojectwithSteve.Thedirectoragreedtoaddittotheplayinglist.ButNaomiwouldhavetoaskSteve’spermission.Heconsid

9、ereditanhonor. Aftertheconcert，NaomitoldthefamilythatSteve’smusicwasbeautifulandprofessional.Itneededtobesharedinpublic. ThefamilyrentedaformerchurchindowntownPortlandandscheduledaconcert.Bythedayoftheshow，morethan300peoplehadsaidtheywouldattend. Bythen，Stevewashavingahardtimerememberingthenameso

10、fsomeofhisfriends.Heknewthepathhislifewasnowtaking.Hetoldhisfamilyhewasatpeace. Stevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow，surroundedbyhisfamily.Thehouselightsfaded.Naomitookthestage.Herfingers.Hisheart. 語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位父親因為患阿爾茲海默癥而逐漸失去記憶，女兒珍視父親為她在兒時演奏過的那些陪她入睡的音樂，為了讓這溫暖的“獨家音樂”不失傳，她請懂音樂的朋友把父親的音樂錄制下來。

11、65.WhydidMelissawanttosaveherfather’smusic? A.Hismusiccouldstophisdiseasefromworsening. B.Shewantedtopleaseherdyingoldfather. C.Hismusicdeservedtobepreservedinthefamily. D.Shewantedtomakeherfatheraprofessional. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，父親Steve是一位鋼琴愛好者，是家里唯一一位音樂家，再根據(jù)第三段中的“Melissa，hisdaughter，fel

12、titmorethanworthwhiletosavehismusic，towhichshefellasleepeachnightwhenshewasyoung.”可知，父親Steve的音樂陪伴了Melissa的成長，因此Melissa覺得它對于這個家庭有著特別的意義，值得被保存，故本題答案為C。 66.AfterhearingSteve’splaying，Naomi. A.refusedtomakeacommentonit B.wasdeeplyimpressedbyhismusic C.decidedtofreeStevefromsuffering D.regrettedoffe

13、ringhelptoherfriend 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第十段“‘Itwasbeautiful，’Naomisaidafterlisteningtotherecording.‘Themusicwasworthsaving.’”可知，聽完Steve的演奏之后，Naomi對他的音樂很是贊賞，故本題答案為B。 67.HowcantheprocessofSteve’srecordingbedescribed? A.Itwasslowbutproductive. B.Itwasbeneficialtohishealth. C.ItwastiresomeforNaomi. D

14、.ItwasvitalforNaomi’scareer. 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第十二段“NaomiandStevemeteveryotherweekandspenthourstogether.He’dmovehisfingersclumsilyonthepiano，andthenshe’dtakehisplace.”及第十四段“WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.Ithadexcitedwithinhimthebeliefhecouldwriteonelastsong...”可知，音樂的錄制過程雖然緩慢，但是頗有成效，故本題答案為A。 68.

15、BeforeStevefinished“MelancholyFlower”，hiswifeJoni. A.thoughtthemusictalentofStevewasexhausted B.didn’texpectthedamagethediseasebroughtabout C.didn’tfullyrealizethevalueofherhusband’smusic D.broughtherhusband’smusiccareertoperfection 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第七段最后兩句“Jonithoughtthatwouldbetheend.Butitw

16、asn’t.”以及下文中提到“Steve的音樂在音樂會上被演奏并得到認(rèn)可及其對Steve的影響”可知，Joni之前并沒有充分意識到Steve的音樂的價值。故本題答案為C。 69.HowdidStevefeelattheconcertheldindowntownPortland? A.Hefeltconcernedabouthisillness. B.Hesensedaresponsibilityformusic. C.Heregainedhisfaithinmusic. D.Hegotintoastateofquiet. 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后兩段的內(nèi)容尤其是倒

17、數(shù)第二段中的“Hetoldhisfamilyhewasatpeace.”可知，在音樂會上，他的心情很平靜。故本題答案為D。 70.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage? A.TheKindnessofFriends B.ThePowerofMusic C.TheMakingofaMusician D.TheValueofDetermination 答案　B 解析　標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其是倒數(shù)第九段中的“WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.”可知，音樂錄制給父親帶來了巨大的改變，甚至激發(fā)了他創(chuàng)作歌曲的信念。由此可

18、知，“音樂的力量”最適合作本文標(biāo)題。 一、題型解讀 記敘文、說明文和議論文三種文體涉及的不同話題的閱讀材料都會考查到標(biāo)題歸納題。一個好的標(biāo)題應(yīng)具備三大特點：概括——準(zhǔn)確而又簡短；針對性——標(biāo)題外延正好與文章內(nèi)容相符；醒目——能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。設(shè)問形式常有： (1)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage? (2)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage/text? (3)Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage? (4)Themostsuitabletitleo

19、fthispassageis. 二、解題技巧 1.“高度概括”定標(biāo)題 (1)所選文章標(biāo)題須能概括全文的中心內(nèi)容。標(biāo)題是文章的點睛之筆，是文章的靈魂和門面。為吸引讀者的注意，標(biāo)題往往比較醒目。 (2)一般文章的標(biāo)題可根據(jù)主題句來判斷，但在某些文章中，如記敘文，沒有明確的主題句，需要根據(jù)文中的事實細(xì)節(jié)，查找文章的“主線”，歸納出文章的主題。 2.文章標(biāo)題三特點 (1)一般為單詞、短語或句子形式，短語居多； (2)短小精悍，精確性強； (3)涵蓋性強，能覆蓋全文大意。 例如：【真題感悟】中第70題，通讀全文，尤其是倒數(shù)第九段中的“WorkingwithNaomididwonders

20、forSteve.”可知，音樂錄制給父親帶來了巨大的改變，甚至激發(fā)了他創(chuàng)作歌曲的信念。由此可知，“音樂的力量”最適合作本文標(biāo)題。 A Laughterispartofthe1universalhumanvocabulary.Allmembersofthehumanspeciesunderstandit.UnlikeEnglishorFrenchorSwahili，wedon’thavetolearntospeakit.We’rebornwiththecapacitytolaugh. Verylittleisknownaboutthespecificbrainmechanismsres

21、ponsibleforlaughter.5Contrarytofolkwisdom，mostlaughterisnotabouthumor；itisaboutrelationships.12Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh，Iwentwithseveralassistantstolocalmallsandrecordedwhathappenedjustbeforepeoplelaughed.Overa10-yearperiod，westudiedover2,000casesofnaturally10occurringlaughter. Wefoundthatmos

22、tlaughterdoesnotnecessarilyfollowjokes.Peoplemaylaughafteravarietyofstatements，suchas，“HerecomesMary.”“Howdidyoudoonthetest？”or“Doyouhavearubberband？”Thesecertainlyaren’tjokes. Webelievelaughter6evolvedfromthepanting(喘氣的) behaviorofourancientancestors.Today，ifwetickle (使發(fā)癢) chimps，theydon’tlaugh.Bu

23、t，instead，theyproduceapantingsound.That’sthesoundofapelaughter，andit’stherootofhumanlaughter. Apeslaughinthekindsofsituationsthatleadtohumanlaughter，likegamesthatinvolvechasing.Otheranimalsproducesoundsduringplay，buttheyaresodifferentfromlaughter.Rats，forexample，producehighsoundsduringplayandwhenti

24、ckled，buttheseareverydifferentinsoundfromhumanlaughter. Laughterisoftenpositive，butitcanbenegativetoo.There’sadifferencebetween“l(fā)aughingwith”and“l(fā)aughingat”.Peoplewholaughatothersmaybetryingtodrivethemoutofthegroup. Noonehasactuallycountedhowmuchpeopleofdifferentageslaugh，butyoungchildrenprobablyl

25、aughthemost.Atages5and6weprobablylaughmorethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthanchildren，probablybecausetheyplayless. Worknow2underwaywilltellusmoreaboutthebrainmechanismsbehindlaughter，howithasevolved，andwhywe’resosusceptibletotickling. 語篇解讀　本文是一篇議論文。笑容是全世界通用的語言，是世上最溫暖的語言。本文探討了“人類為什么笑”這個話題。 1

26、.Whatwasthepurposeofthedecade’sresearch? A.Toprovethatpeoplelaughbecauseofhumor. B.Tofindouttherealreasonforpeople’slaughter. C.Toresearchpeople’sdifferentreactiononjokes. D.Torecordconversationsamongshoppersinmalls. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的“thedecade’sresearch”可定位至文章第二段最后兩句，由該段倒數(shù)第二句“Tofindoutwhena

27、ndwhypeoplelaugh...”可知，這十年的研究是為了弄清楚人類什么時候以及為什么會笑。故B項正確。 2.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext? A.Peoplewhoplaymoretendtolaughmore. B.Apesproducehighsoundswhentickled. C.Scientistsknowthebrainmechanismsresponsibleforlaughterwell. D.Thesituationsinwhichapeslaughareverydifferentfromthoseinwhichhumanslaugh.

28、 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“Atages5and6weprobablylaughmorethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthanchildren，probablybecausetheyplayless.”可知，玩得越多的人笑得越多。A項正確。 3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“susceptible”inthelastparagraphprobablymean? A.Sensitive. B.Flexible. C.Addictive. D.Reliable. 答案　A 解析　詞義猜測題。聯(lián)系上下

29、文可知susceptible(易受影響的，敏感的)與sensitive的意思最為接近。故選A。 4.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext? A.TheImpactofLaughter B.TheMeaningofLaughter C.ABigMystery：WhyDoWeLaugh? D.Laughter：TheMostBeautifulWord 答案　C 解析　標(biāo)題歸納題。笑容是全世界通用的語言，是世上最溫暖的語言，本文探討了“人類為什么笑”這個話題。故C項為最佳標(biāo)題。 B Mostpeoplewhoownmobi

30、lephonesusethemastheiralarmclocks—makingitveryeasytocheckemailsonelasttimebeforefallingasleepandhardtoeverfeelawayfromworkandsocialnetworks. Severalyearsago，mybossfainteddueto7exhaustionafterstayinguplatetocatchuponwork.Shebangedherheadandendedupwithfivestitches(縫針)—andbecamewhatshecallsa“sleepevan

31、gelist(傳教士)”.Nowsheleaveshermobilephone11charginginanotherroomwhenshegoestobedandencouragesherfriendstodothesame. “IsentallmyfriendsthesameChristmasgift—alovelyalarmclock—sotheycouldstopusingtheexcusethattheyneededtheirveryattractivemobilephonesbytheirbedstowakethemupinthemorning，”shesaid. Ifyourm

32、obilephonewakesyouupinthemorning，itmayalsobekeepingyouupatnight.A2008studyshowedthatpeopleexposedtomobileradiationtooklongertofallasleepandspentlesstimeindeepsleep.“13Thestudy8indicatesthatduringlaboratoryexposureto884MHzwirelesssignals，componentsofsleepbelievedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdaily3wear

33、andtearare9severelyaffected，”thestudyconcluded. Aquarterofyoungpeoplefeelliketheymustbeavailablebymobilephone4aroundtheclock，accordingtoaSwedishstudythatlinkedheavycellphoneusetosleepingproblems，stressanddepression.Unreturnedmessagescarrymoreguiltwhenthetechnologytodealwiththemliesatourfingertips.S

34、ometeensevenreturntextmessagesatmidnight. Mostofuschoosenottosetlimitsonournighttimeavailability.Nearlythreequartersofpeoplefromtheageof18to44sleepwiththeirmobilephoneswithinreach，accordingtoa2012Timepoll.Thatnumberfallsoffslightlyinmiddleage，butonlypeopleaged65andolderareleavingtheirmobilephonesin

35、anotherroomascommonassleepingrightnexttoit. 語篇解讀　本文屬于科普類說明文，講述現(xiàn)在越來越多的人在睡覺的時候把手機放在旁邊，這會嚴(yán)重影響人們的睡眠質(zhì)量，有些人已經(jīng)選擇把手機放在其他地方來保證自己的睡眠質(zhì)量。 5.Whydidtheauthor’sbossstarttoenjoysleeping? A.Herfriendsencouragedhertosleepontime. B.Mobilephonescouldn’twakeherupontime. C.Herfriendssentheralovelyclocktowakeherup.

36、 D.Shegothurtduetoworkingtoolate. 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句可知，作者的老板由于熬夜趕工而筋疲力盡暈倒在地，并且頭部縫了五針，最終她成為“睡眠傳教士”，鼓勵大家多睡覺。因此作者的老板開始享受睡眠是因為受到了傷害，故選D。 6.Whydidtheauthor’sbossgiveherfriendsalarmclocksasChristmasgifts? A.Alarmclocksdon’tgiveoffanyradiation. B.Alarmclocksarebetteratwakingherfriendsup. C.Shead

37、visedthemtoreplacemobilephoneswithalarmclocks. D.Sheusedalarmclockstoremindthemnottoworktoolate. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，作者的老板送給朋友鬧鐘是為了不再讓他們用把手機當(dāng)鬧鐘的借口而影響睡眠，讓他們用鬧鐘來替代手機，故選C。 7.Whatcanwelearnfromthe2008study? A.Mobileradiationmakespeopleunabletofallasleep. B.Mobilephonescanrelease884MHzwiredsignal

38、s. C.Sleepcanhelppeoplefightagainstradiation. D.Componentsofsleepcanbeseriouslyaffectedbywirelesssignals. 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Thestudyindicatesthatduringlaboratoryexposureto884MHzwirelesssignals，componentsofsleepbelievedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdailywearandtearareseverelyaffected...”可知，20

39、08年的一份研究表明，在實驗中暴露于884兆赫的無線信號中，修復(fù)白天身體損耗很重要的睡眠因子受到嚴(yán)重影響。由此可知，無線電信號會嚴(yán)重影響睡眠質(zhì)量，故選D。 8.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage? A.HowMobilePhonesAffectSleep B.WhyAlarmClocksAreBetterthanPhones C.HowWeCanSleepBetteratNight D.HowMobilePhonesAffectHealth 答案　A 解析　標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文闡述越來越多的人在睡覺的時候把手機放在旁邊，這會嚴(yán)重影響其睡眠

40、質(zhì)量，闡述了手機與睡眠的關(guān)系，故選A。 Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破 (一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測畫線部分的意思 1.Thereisauniversalloveforbasketballinthecountryamongallwalksoflife.普遍的，全體的 2.PreparationsforthearrivaloftheseniorrepresentativefromtheUNarealreadyunderway. 在進行中的 3.Theseproductscanstandwearandtear，whichwilldefinitelybeattractiveinthemark

41、et.磨損 4.Somestoresstayopenaroundtheclock，whileothersdobusinessforonlyafewhoursaday. 夜以繼日地，晝夜不停地 (二)同義詞語替換 5.Contrarytothebeliefthatrockmusicisalwaysangryandnoisy，histrademark(標(biāo)志性的) styleisquietbutpowerful.opposedto 6.Thecompanyhasevolvedovertheyearsintoamulti-milliondollarorganization.developed

42、 7.Therearemanysymptomsofdepression.Theyincludelackofsleep，strongfeelingofexhaustion，anddifficultyconcentratingthroughouttheday.tiredness 8.Researchindicatesthatover81%ofteachersaredissatisfiedwiththeirsalaries.shows 9.Theschoolbuildingswereseverelydamagedintheearthquakeandstudentshadtostudyatalo

43、calcompany，whichchangeditsworkshopintoatemporaryclassroom.seriously (三)一詞多義 10.occurv.發(fā)生；被想起 (1)AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina.發(fā)生 (2)Itoccurredtohimthathehadanimportantconferencetoattendthenextmorning.被想起 11.chargev.&n.主管，負(fù)責(zé)n.費用v.收費；控告；充電；進攻 (1)Whenlionsarehidingforanatt

44、ackbyawaterhole，theywaitpatientlyandcanchargeatanysecond.v.進攻 (2)CouldIspeaktowhoeverisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease？n.主管，負(fù)責(zé) (3)Doyouthinkmuseumsshouldchargeforadmission？v.收費 (4)Sheischargedwithmurderingherhusband.v.控告 (5)Themonthlychargeforthisserviceisonly$29，whichisquitereasonable.n.費用

45、(6)Itbecamearoutineforustochargeourphonefrequentlyeveninaday.v.充電 Ⅱ.長難句理解 12.Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh，Iwentwithseveralassistantstolocalmallsandrecordedwhathappenedjustbeforepeoplelaughed. [句式分析]　本句為主從復(fù)合句。句首的Tofindout是目的狀語，句子的主語是I，謂語動詞went和recorded由and連接。what引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句。 [精美譯文]　為了弄清楚人們發(fā)笑的時間和原因

46、，我和幾個助手去了當(dāng)?shù)氐馁徫镏行?，記錄了人們發(fā)笑之前的事情。 13.Thestudyindicatesthatduringlaboratoryexposureto884MHzwirelesssignals，componentsofsleepbelievedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdailywearandtearareseverelyaffected. [句式分析]　本句為復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句。從句是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，主語是componentsofsleep，areseverelyaffected是被動結(jié)構(gòu)；believedtobeimportantfor

47、recoveryfromdailywearandtear是過去分詞作定語，這本身是一個句型：sb./sth.be said/believed/reported to do，表示“據(jù)說/據(jù)認(rèn)為/據(jù)報道”。 [精美譯文]　該研究表明，在實驗室里暴露于884兆赫無線信號時，被認(rèn)為對日常(身體)損耗的恢復(fù)很重要的睡眠因子受到嚴(yán)重影響。 強化練(二十四) Ⅰ.單項填空 1.—Iinthesamepositiontoolong.Mylegshavefallenasleep. —Shakeitalittlebeforeyougetup.(2019·泰州四模) A.willsit B.havesa

48、t C.amsitting D.havebeensitting 答案　D 解析　句意為：——我在相同的位置坐得太久了，腿麻了?！酒饋碇皠右粍印７治鼍湟饪芍?，本句為現(xiàn)在完成進行時，表示從過去某一時間開始一直在進行的動作，并有可能持續(xù)下去，其形式為：have/hasbeendoingsth.。故D選項正確。 2.Thehealthofgardenplantsdependsonthesoil—theproperbalanceofmineralpieces，organicmatter，airandwater.(2019·南京市鹽城市高三一模) A.construction B.cons

49、ervation C.corporation D.composition 答案　D 解析　句意為：園林植物的健康取決于土壤的組成——礦物質(zhì)、有機物質(zhì)、空氣和水的適當(dāng)平衡。construction建設(shè)，建筑；conservation保存，保護；corporation法人，公司；composition組成，成分。根據(jù)句意可知選D。 3.Thatwomanwasalittlevagueatthetimebutsaidsomethingtotheeffectthatshetheprojectwithinthreedays. A.finished B.willfinish C.wouldfi

50、nish D.willhavefinished 答案　C 解析　句意為：那位女士當(dāng)時有點含糊其詞，不過大意是說她會在三天之內(nèi)完成這個項目。根據(jù)句中的“was”“said”以及“withinthreedays”可知，此處表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作，應(yīng)用過去將來時。故選C。 4.Herdoctorindicatedthatevenaddinga(n) amountofdailyexercisewoulddramaticallyimproveherhealth.(2019·南京市鹽城市高三一模) A.modest B.equal C.considerable D.exact 答

51、案　A 解析　句意為：她的醫(yī)生表示，即使每天增加適度的鍛煉，也會極大地改善她的健康狀況。modest謙遜的，不大的，適度的；equal相等的，平等的；considerable相當(dāng)多的，相當(dāng)大的；exact準(zhǔn)確的，精確的。根據(jù)句意可知選A。 5.Fathers’lovefortheirkidsseemstobeabitstrictandtough；，mothers’loveseemstobelovingandcaring. A.anyway B.meanwhile C.moreover D.otherwise 答案　B 解析　句意為：父親對孩子的愛似乎有點嚴(yán)厲和強硬；相比之下，母親的

52、愛似乎充滿了愛和關(guān)懷。meanwhile與此同時，對比之下，符合語境。anyway盡管，無論如何；moreover此外，而且；otherwise除此之外，否則。 6.Mostsuccessfulpeoplethinkaboutthingsinnewanddifferentways：theyseeanopenwindow________othersseeacloseddoor. A.where B.if C.once D.unless 答案　A 解析　句意為：大多數(shù)成功人士以新的和不同的方式思考事物：他們在別人看到一扇關(guān)閉的門的地方看到的是一扇敞開的窗戶。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此引導(dǎo)

53、狀語從句，且在從句中作地點狀語，應(yīng)用where。故選A。 7.Describedasa“l(fā)andmarkpartnership”，thedealbetweenSTATSportsandtheChineseFootballAssociationaspartofChina’spushforhostingandwinningaWorldCupby2050. A.sees B.wasseen C.isseen D.istosee 答案　C 解析　句意為：STATSports與中國足球協(xié)會之間的協(xié)議被稱為“具有里程碑意義的合作伙伴關(guān)系”，它被視為中國努力在2050年之前主辦和贏得一次世界杯的一

54、部分。根據(jù)句意可知，此處陳述的是客觀事實，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時；又see與thedeal之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。故選C。 8.—，Bob？You’vebeensoupsetallmorning. —Icrashedmyfather’scar. A.What’seatingyou B.Whataboutyou C.Howareyou D.Howdoyoudo 答案　A 解析　句意為：——你怎么啦，鮑勃？你一早上都很沮喪?！易矇牧宋野职值能?。what’seatingyou你怎么了，是什么讓你心煩，符合語境。whataboutyou你呢；howareyou你好嗎；howdoyoudo

55、你好。 9.Somepeopleinvestigatedsaytheyprefertheoldergreentrainsmovingataslowerpace，whichallowpassengerstothebeautifulsceneryoutside. A.describe B.imagine C.appreciate D.recall 答案　C 解析　句意為：接受調(diào)查的一些人稱，他們更喜歡那些行進速度稍慢的、古老一些的綠皮火車，那些火車使得乘客能夠欣賞外面的美景。appreciate欣賞，符合語境。describe描述；imagine想象；recall回想起。 10.Wor

56、ldFoodDayiscelebratedeveryyeararoundtheworldonOct.16，thedateofthefoundingoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsin1945. A.indefenseof B.insearchof C.infavorof D.inhonorof 答案　D 解析　句意為：聯(lián)合國糧食及農(nóng)業(yè)組織于1945年10月16日成立，為紀(jì)念這一天，世界各地的人們把每年的這一天作為“世界糧食日”來慶祝。inhonorof為了紀(jì)念，符合語境。indefenseof為保衛(wèi)，保護；ins

57、earchof搜尋，尋找；infavorof支持。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 A (2019·宿遷市高三期末) Itisapsychologicalstrategythatallparentswillbefamiliarwith：insteadofscoldingamisbehavingchild，focusinsteadinrewardingthemforgoodbehaviour. Nowtheideaiswellreceivedoutsidethenursery，withimplicationsforeverythingfromrecyclingclothestopolicing. Co

58、nsumersendupwithpilesofunwantedclothes.EveryyearintheUK，300,000tonnesendsupinlandfill—235millionindividualitems. Nowhowever，appssuchasReGain，RegiveandStuffstraremakingitsimpler—andmoreworthwhile—forpeopletoreturntheirunwantedclobber. TheReGainappcanbeusedtofindoneof20,000drop-offpoints.Inreturn，th

59、ediligentconsumerearnsrewardssuchasdiscountcouponsforhighstreetretailers.StuffstrworksinpartnershipwithJohnLewistohelppeoplegetcashinreturnforunwanteditemsfromthechain. “Possiblytheonepredictionthatweeconomistsgetrightisthatifyouincentivise(激勵) abehaviour，youwillgetmoreofit，”saysDrMatthewLevy，alect

60、urerineconomicsattheLondonSchoolofEconomics. Hecitesresearch，includinghisown，showingthatfinancialincentivesencouragingregularexercise，stoppingsmokingandlosingweighteffectivelypromotehealthybehavioursandthatthereisnobacklashwhentheincentivesareremoved.“Ifanything，theincentivescanbeusedtojump-startah

61、ealthyhabitthatkeepsgoing，”hesays. Inthefourmonthsafteritslaunch，theReGainschemereceivedalmost17,000parcelscontaining47tonnesofusedclothesandshoes，ofwhich95%couldpotentiallybereused，accordingtoitsfounderJackOstrowski. “Weneedtofindawaytoinfluencebehaviour，anddiscountcouponshelp，”hesays.Theplatform

62、isalsoworkingwithbrandsandretailerstofindwaystodivertusedclothesfromlandfillsandintotheproductionofnewclothes，headds. Otherrewardschemeshavehadsuccessinencouragingbehaviouralchange. WhenpoliceinCanadaissued“positivetickets”—couponsforfreefoodormovietickets—torewardgoodbehaviouramongyoungpeople，the

63、yreportedanalmost50%dropinyouth-relatedservicecalls. “Myofficerswouldsay‘Intheolddayswe’ddriveupinthepolicecarandthekidswouldrunawayfromus，nowtheyruntous’.” Inasimilarventure，Hullcitycouncilhaveannouncedplanstolaunchadigitalrewardtoken—theHullCoin—thatcanbeearnedbyvolunteeringandspentatlocalretail

64、ers. Elsewhere，astudyontherecruitmentofhealthworkersinZambiafoundthathighlightingeconomicincentivesduringtherecruitmentprocesscausedfutureemployeestobemoremotivatedandtask-focused. “Obviouslydifferentgroupsaremotivatedbydifferentfactors，”saysOstrowski.“Forsome，the‘feelgood’factorisenough，andforoth

65、ers，thatrewardstimulusisrequired.” 語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章講述的是所有父母都熟悉的一種心理策略：與其責(zé)罵行為不端的孩子，不如專注于獎勵他們的良好行為。 11.DrMatthewLevymightagreethat. A.thereisanundesiredeffectwhentheincentivesareremoved B.economistsalwaysmakesomepredictionstoconvincepeople C.usedclotheswouldberecycledviaincentives，otherwiseinla

66、ndfill D.financialincentivesarethekeytopeople’sgettingridofbadhabits 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段最后一句“‘Ifanything，theincentivescanbeusedtojump-startahealthyhabitthatkeepsgoing，’hesays.”可知，DrMatthewLevy可能同意舊衣服可以通過激勵措施回收，否則就會被扔進垃圾填埋場。故選C。 12.ThebenefitsoffinancialstimulusarementionedEXCEPT. A.increasingthesalesofclothingandfood B.youngpeople’sbehavingwellinpublic C.leadingtopeople’sdisgustatsmoking D.futureemployees’concentratingontasks 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第八段可知A項提到了；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第五、六、七三段可知B項提到了；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知D項提到