2019高考英語 重難增分篇 第一講 時態(tài)和語態(tài)講與練 新人教版

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1、 第一講　時態(tài)語態(tài) 李仕才 第一課時　知識過關(guān)課 1.運用“7看法”，熟記“4句型”速判動詞的時態(tài) (1)掌握獨特的時間狀語標志(7看法) 1 看到always, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等 想到用一般現(xiàn)在時 2 看到y(tǒng)esterday, last night, a few days ago, the other day等 想到用一般過去時態(tài) 3 看到tomorrow, next year, in a week等 想到用將來時態(tài) 4 看到all the time, now, at present等 想到用

2、現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài) 5 看到at that time, then, at six o’clock yesterday等 想到用過去進行時 6 看到at this time tomorrow, from 1 o’clock to 3 o’clock tomorrow等 想到用將來進行時 7 看到since, so far, up to now, by the time, in the last/past few years等 想到用完成時態(tài) I usually get up at four o’clock every morning when it’s still dark. 我

3、通常每天早晨四點起床，那時天還很黑。 I will be talking with the professor at this time tomorrow. 明天這個時間我將在和教授談話。 By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom. 到你回家的時候，我將會已經(jīng)把房子打掃得干干凈凈。 (2)熟記固定句型中的時態(tài)(4句型) ?be doing...when...，主句常用過去進行時，從句常用一般過去時。 ?no sooner...than或hardly...when...，主句用

4、過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。 ?It is/has been＋時間段＋since...表示“自從……以來已經(jīng)……”。主句用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般現(xiàn)在時，從句用一般過去時。 ?This/It/That is the first/second...time that...表示“這/那是第一/二……次……”，后面的句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時。 Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions. 演講者一結(jié)束他的講話，觀眾就不停地向他提問。 It is the third time

5、 that you have been late for work this week, isn’t it? 這已經(jīng)是你本周第三次工作遲到了，不是嗎？ The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work. 當那個男孩的父親下班回來時，他正在做作業(yè)。 2.被動語態(tài)的幾點說明 (1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，或者需要突出或強調(diào)動作的承受者時，就要用被動語態(tài)。 (2)只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。但cost，have，own，lack，agree with，suffer from，belong to

6、，consist of等及物動詞或及物的短語動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。 (3)happen，occur，come about，take place等不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。 (4)帶有介詞的動詞短語的被動語態(tài)，不要漏掉介詞。 The children will be looked after well here. 這些孩子在這里將受到很好的照顧。 (5)系動詞feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主動形式表示被動意義，主語通常是事物。 The material feels very soft. 這種料子摸起來很柔軟。

7、 讀語篇，悟語法。反復朗讀下列短文，領(lǐng)悟畫線黑體部分。注意時態(tài)語態(tài)的用法。 I am Li Fan，chairman of the Students’ Union.I am__writing[1] to draw your attention to some improper behaviour in our campus：littering and scribbling.It has__been__making[2] our school dirty and unpleasant.I always feel__ashamed[3] whenever I see this.It is c

8、learly not appropriate for a student to litter and scribble about.Last week，the students’ Union held[4] a meeting to seek some solutions to these problems.We were__having[5] a heated discussion when our headmaster came and joined us.After the meeting，the headmaster said that the school had__made[6]

9、efforts to improve this situation and more dustbins would__be__placed[7] around.Recently，the Students’ Union has__set__up[8] specific rules against such behaviour.At the same time，all of us should develop good habits and better behave ourselves.We believe that，with the joint efforts of both teachers

10、 and students，our school will__become[9] a more enjoyable place in the near future. 1.現(xiàn)在進行時，表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動作。 2.現(xiàn)在完成進行時，表示從過去從開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作。 3.一般現(xiàn)在時，表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性動作。 4.一般過去時，在過去某個時間里(last week上周)所發(fā)生的動作。 5.過去進行時，在過去某一時間正在進行的動作。 6.過去完成時，表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動作，即“過去的過去”。 7.過去將來時，表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或

11、將要存在的狀態(tài)。另外，此處主語dustbins為動作的承受者，所以用被動語態(tài)。 8.現(xiàn)在完成時，表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 9.一般將來時，表示在將來某一時刻要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 Ⅰ.單句填空(用所給動詞的適當形式填空) 1.The sun was setting when my car broke (break) down near a remote village. 2.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course.Being too anxious t

12、o help an event develop often results(result) in the contrary to our intention. 3.People stepped on your feet or pushed (push) you with their elbows，hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. 4.Her mother was excited.“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，”Jane was__informed(inform). 5.I got o

13、n the bus and found a seat near the back and then I noticed a man sitting at the front.He was__pretending(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. 6.I’ll go to the library as soon as I finish what I am__doing(do). 7.It is the most instructive lecture that I have__attended(attend)

14、since I came to this school. 8.In the last few years thousands of films have__been__produced(produce) all over the world. 9.By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had__graduated(graduate) from college. 10.Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who wears(wear)

15、 evening dress. Ⅱ.單句改錯(下列每句中有一處錯誤，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請指出并改正。) 1.It is the first time that he talked with his father face to face.talked→has__talked 2.The vase isn’t belong to him.isn’t→doesn’t 3.She insisted that she organized the trip on her own.organized→organize 4.In the last twenty years，

16、great changes have been taken place in our country.去掉have后的been 5.As time go by，online shopping is becoming more and more popular.go→goes 6.Ever since middle school，my sister Wang Wei and I dreamed about taking a great bike trip.在dreamed前加have 7.Hardly I sat down when I heard the shocking news.在I

17、前加had 8.The book has translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.在translated前加been 9.The old man is happy because he is well taken care.在care后加of 10.The new teaching building was builded last year.builded→built Ⅲ.語篇填空(用括號中動詞的正確形式填空) How have you managed not to take a dr

18、ink for almost 20 years？It 1.________(take) me almost 20 years to have the courage to even ask my father this very personal question.When Dad first quit drinking，the whole family was on pins and needles every time he got into a situation that，in the past，2.________(start) him drinking again.For a fe

19、w years we were afraid to bring it up for fear the drinking 3.________(begin) again. “I had this little poem that I would recite to myself at least four to five times a day，”was Dad’s reply to my 18－year－old unasked question.And then he 4.________(share) the poem with me. About a month after this

20、talk with my father，when I 5.________(have) a rest，I received a gift in the mail from a friend of mine.It was a book of daily affirmations with one affirmation listed for each day of the year. It 6.________(be) my experience that when you 7.________(get) something with days of the year on it，you 8.

21、________(turn) to the page that lists your own birthday. I hurriedly opened the book to November 10 to see what words of wisdom this book had in store for me.There，on my birthday，was the exact same poem that 9.________(help) my father for all these years！It 10.________(call) the Serenity Prayer. 【

22、語篇導讀】　一位十八歲的兒子鼓起勇氣問出了懷揣了將近二十年的問題：父親是如何成功戒酒近二十年的。最后在朋友送的一本書上，正好在自己生日對應的那一頁看到了父親戒酒期間鼓勵自己的禱告，體現(xiàn)了父親為了兒子而戒酒的濃濃的父愛。 1.took　[從下文“For a few years we were afraid to...”的“were”可知，此處應該用一般過去時。] 2.would have started　[句意：“父親最初戒酒時，一旦他陷入過去再次喝酒的情景時，整個家庭就會坐立不安?！睆纳衔摹癳very time he got into a...”的謂語動詞的過去式可知，此處表達的是過去肯定

23、會發(fā)生的事情。] 3.would begin　[從句無謂語動詞，且從上文“we were afraid to bring it up for fear”謂語動詞were可知，此處缺少一個表示過去將來的謂語動詞。] 4.shared　[本句無謂語動詞，從該句時間副詞“then”可知，此處應為一般過去時。] 5.was having　[由when引起的時間狀語從句中從句部分無謂語動詞，故have在本句應作謂語動詞，又從主句的謂語動詞received可知，當時作者應該是正在休息，收到禮物，故此處應該填動詞的過去進行時，表示過去正在進行的動作。] 6.has been　[此句為it引導的形式主

24、語從句，be在主句中作謂語動詞；由下文的“my experience”可知這樣的事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生多次，已成經(jīng)驗，故用完成時態(tài)。] 7.get　[由when引起的從句缺少謂語動詞，再由原文可知，這里表達的是一件經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情，故用動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時。] 8.will turn　[由when引起的時間狀語從句中，從句的謂語動詞get用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句就會用一般將來時，表示將要發(fā)生的動作。] 9.had helped　[由于主句there＋be句式的謂語動詞be用過去時，而以the poem為先行詞的定語從句中無謂語動詞，需要一個表示發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前的動作，故用過去完成時。] 10.is c

25、alled　[句子無謂語動詞，故call應作句子的謂語；而it與call之間是被動關(guān)系；文中講的是書名，應為客觀存在的事實，故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。] 第二課時　高考研究課 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)在語法填空中的考查點 規(guī)律方法 “4步法”確定動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) ?第一步，確定句子是否缺少謂語：如果括號中給出的提示詞是動詞，首先要分析句子成分。如果句子缺少謂語，那么空格處應填謂語動詞，就要考慮使用合適的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。 ?第二步，確定時態(tài)：要根據(jù)具體的語境、時間狀語或另一動詞的時態(tài)來判斷用哪種時態(tài)。 ?第三步，確定語態(tài)：語態(tài)要根據(jù)主語和謂語動詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系確定。主語和謂語動詞之間是主動關(guān)系

26、時動詞就應用主動語態(tài)，是被動關(guān)系時就應用被動語態(tài)。 ?第四步，確定主謂一致：要注意謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 真題驗證1 1.Steam engines ________(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ) 答案　were used　[此處講的是過去的事情，主語Steam engines和use之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。] 2.Later,

27、 engineers ________(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道)，which became known as the Tube.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ) 答案　managed　[此處講的是過去的事情，所以用一般過去時，主語engineers和manage之間是主動關(guān)系，故填managed。] 3.When fat and salt ________(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.(2017·全國卷

28、Ⅰ) 答案　are removed　[填空處在句中作謂語。本文講述的是現(xiàn)狀，用一般現(xiàn)在時。主語是fat and salt，與remove之間是被動關(guān)系，故填are removed。] 4.Sarah ________(tell)that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ) 答案　has been told/was told　[句意應為“有人告訴過Sarah，她可能是英國的一名新超模，下一年能掙一百萬美元”，故句子謂語應該使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被

29、動語態(tài)。由于從句中的謂語動詞could be此處也可以使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。] 5.Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment, school ________(come) first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.”(2017·全國卷Ⅲ) 答案　comes　[此句是直接引語，根據(jù)前后句子的謂語可知，動詞come應該使用一般現(xiàn)在時。] 6.Pahlsson and her husband ________(search)th

30、e kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.(2017·浙江卷) 答案　searched　[根據(jù)后面的but turned up nothing可知，此處描述的是過去發(fā)生的行為，故要用一般過去時。] 7.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got ________(sweep)into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, where it remained until the

31、 carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生長)through it.(2017·浙江卷) 答案　swept　[戒指被掃進垃圾堆里。主語the ring與動詞sweep之間為被動關(guān)系，故此處要用動詞的過去分詞形式。] 8.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ________ (be) too violent for use at the table.(2016·全國卷Ⅲ) 答案　were　[由前面謂語動詞believed, would remind等使用過去時

32、，可知此處be動詞應使用過去時。] 9.It was raining lightly when I ________(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.(2015·全國卷Ⅰ) 答案　arrived　[在句型“be doing...when...”中，前半分句中使用了過去進行時，后半分句中arrive應該使用過去時。] 10.This cycle ________(go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus

33、 always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ) 答案　goes　[此處謂語動詞陳述了一種客觀真理。] 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)在短文改錯中的考查點 規(guī)律方法 3“從”原則 1.從語篇和上下文整體把握時態(tài)；從時間狀語上判斷時態(tài)。 2.從連詞前后看平行謂語動詞的差異。 3.從主謂關(guān)系上判斷主動或被動關(guān)系。 真題驗證2 1.When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables！(2017·全國卷Ⅱ

34、)________ 答案　came→comes　[本文整體用一般現(xiàn)在時，描述現(xiàn)狀。此處主句是一般將來時，when引導的時間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，且從句主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，故應用comes。] 2.Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)________ 答案　goes→went　[此處講述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，所以用一般過去時。] 3. I had

35、grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)________ 答案　had→have　[根據(jù)時間狀語in the past few years可知，本句應用現(xiàn)在完成時。] 4. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)________

36、答案　took→taken　[由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應該使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故應用過去分詞taken。] 5. About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)________ 答案　become→became　[此句中的enter和become是并列謂語，應用一般過去時。] 6.However, my parents didn’t seem to t

37、hink so.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)________ 答案　tell→told　[由前句中的時態(tài) “didn’t seem”，可知，后句中的謂語動詞應用過去時。] 7.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)________ 答案　telling→told　[由并列連詞and可知，telling應該和前面的saw為平行的謂語動詞，故用told。] 8.Tony was scared

38、 and begun to cry.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)________ 答案　begun→began　[由并列連詞and可知，begun應該和前面的was scared為平行的謂語動詞；且begun和主語Tony為主動關(guān)系，故用began。] 9.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)________ 答案　去掉been　[根據(jù)語境可知，show和主語studies為主動關(guān)系。] 第三課時　寫作增分課 時態(tài)、語

39、態(tài)在寫作中的增分點 一、洞察“過去、現(xiàn)在和將來”——寫對句子 1.我希望他度過一個愉快的生日。(hope, have a happy birthday) I__hope__that__he__has/will__have__a__happy__birthday. 2.我們快一點，火車4點30分開。(leave) Let’s__hurry.The__train__leaves__at__4：30. 3.我在那個小學上過6年學。(study, the primary school, for) I__studied__in__that__primary__school__for__si

40、x__years. 4.我不知道你已經(jīng)出國了。(go abroad) I__didn’t__know__you__had__gone__abroad. 5.如果你想上重點大學，你的英語必須很優(yōu)秀。(be to, a key college, excellent) If__you__are__to__go__to__a__key__college,__your__English__must__be__excellent. 6.像我們班主任這樣的人理應受到尊重。(such...as, headteacher, be to, respect) Such__people__as__our_

41、_headteacher__are__to__be__respected. 二、知曉“何時完成”——推敲句子 1.我的表弟已經(jīng)回家了。他是上星期回家的。他已經(jīng)走了一個星期了。他在這里呆了一個月。(cousin, go back home, stay) My__cousin__has__gone__back__home.He__went__home__last__week.He__has__been__away__for__a__week.He__stayed__here__for__a__month. 2.他2016年搬到這里，自那之后他一直住在這里。(move, live, ever

42、 since) He__moved__here__in__2016__and__he__has__lived__here__ever__since. 3.過去幾年中國發(fā)展得很快。(develop rapidly, past few years) China__has__developed__rapidly__in__the__past__few__years. 4.他感冒已經(jīng)快一個星期了，他是上周一得的感冒。(have a cold, catch a cold) He__has__had__a__cold__for__almost__a__week.He__caught__the__

43、cold__last__Monday. 5.上星期他沒去青島旅游，因為他以前曾經(jīng)去過。(visit Qingdao) He__didn’t__visit__Qingdao__last__week,__because__he__had__been__there__before. 6.到下周末為止，我離開家將有兩個月了。(be away from, by the end of) By__the__end__of__next__week,__I__will__have__been__away__from__home__for__two__months. 三、善辨“何時進行”——優(yōu)化句子

44、1.我沒有聽懂我們老師說什么，因為我剛才在考慮別的事情。(catch，think about，something else) I__didn’t__catch__what__our__teacher__said,__because__I__was__thinking__about__something__else. 2.你不必買那么貴的手機?？萍及l(fā)展很快，即使最新的型號也會很快就過時。(expensive, cell phone, technology, develop rapidly, the newest model, out of date) You__needn’t__buy__

45、that__expensive__a__cell__phone.As__technology__is__developing__very__rapidly,__even__the__newest__model__will__be__out__of__date__soon. 3.既然你總是玩電子游戲，你怎能趕上別人呢？(how can, when, always, play video games) How__can__you__catch__up__with__others__when__you__are__always__playing__video__games? 4.明天的這個時候

46、我們就會在一起高興地交談。我急不可待地想見到你。(talk together happily, can’t wait to) We’ll__be__talking__together__happily__at__this__time__tomorrow__and__I__can’t__wait__to__see__you. 5.當他從昏迷中醒來之后，他意識到他已在那里躺了很長時間。(come to, realize, lie) When__he__came__to,__he__realized__he__had__been__lying__there__for__a__long__tim

47、e. 四、巧用“主將從現(xiàn)”——寫美句子 1.只要你不告訴別人，我就告訴你真相。(tell the truth, as long as, keep it to yourself) I__will__tell__you__the__truth__as__long__as__you__keep__it__to__yourself. 2.一旦你到那里，請給我打個電話。(once, give sb a call) Once__you__get__there,__please__give__me__a__call. 3.等到你下次來，我們的新房子將會蓋好。你就可以和我們一起住了。(new ho

48、use, complete, by the time, stay) Our__new__house__will__have__been__completed__by__the__time__you__come__next__time.Then__you__can__stay__with__us. 4.即使明天下雨，我們也不會改變計劃。(change our plan, even if) We__won’t__change__our__plan__even__if__it__rains__tomorrow. 5.抓到這個被通緝的人或者提供有價值線索的人將得到一大筆錢。(anyone wh

49、o, the wanted man, provide useful information, award, a large sum of money) Anyone__who__catches__the__wanted__man__or__provides__useful__information__will__be__awarded__a__large__sum__of__money. 6.你越努力，你的進步就越大。(the harder, the greater progress) The__harder__you__work,__the__greater__progress__yo

50、u__will__make. 五、熟用句型——“亮”化句子 1.我正要離開這時我的手機響了。(be about to...when) I__was__about__to__leave__when__my__mobile__phone__rang. 2.我們正在上語文課，這時門開了，進來一個警察。(have a Chinese class, when, in come) We__were__having__a__Chinese__class__when__the__door__opened__and__in__came__a__policeman. 3.當他們來到的時候，我的作業(yè)剛完

51、成，正要去購物。(finish, go shopping, when) I__had__just__finished__my__homework__and__was__about__to__go__shopping__when__they__arrived. 4.這是我第一次到上海，我感到一切都是那么神奇。(the first time, amazing) This__is__the__first__time__that__I__have__been__in__Shanghai__and__I__feel__everything__is__so__amazing. 5.那是我第一次見到

52、外國人。我感到很興奮，就走上前去向他說了聲“hello”。(the first time, see, foreigner, excited, go up, say “hello” to) That__was__the__first__time__that__I__had__seen__a__foreigner.Feeling__very__excited,__I__went__up__and__said__“hello”__to__him. 六、多用被動——“洋”化句子 1.我們每天都打掃教室。每天都給這些花澆水。(clean, water) Our__classroom__is__c

53、leaned__every__day.These__flowers__are__watered__every__day. 2.據(jù)報道，這個城市附近將建立一個大的化工廠，許多市民強烈反對。(it is reported that, a large chemical factory, citizens, be opposed to) It__is__reported__that__a__large__chemical__factory__will__be__built__near__the__city__and__that__many__citizens__are__opposed__to__

54、it. 3.我們老師說，任何人都將受到懲罰，除非他不違反學校紀律。(anyone, punish, unless, break the regulations) Our__teacher__said__anyone__would__be__punished__unless__he__didn’t__break__the__regulations__of__our__school. 4.那座橋正在重建，預計這些景點將在下周對游客開放。(the bridge, rebuild, attractions, be open to, tourist) The__bridge__is__being

55、__rebuilt__and__it__is__expected__that__the__attractions__will__be__open__to__tourists__next__week. 5.請聲音小一點，現(xiàn)在正在宣布獲勝者。(keep your voice down, the winners, announce) Keep__your__voice__down,__please.The__winners__are__being__announced. 6.我的作業(yè)已經(jīng)完成。我現(xiàn)在可以出去玩了。(homework, finish) My__homework__has__be

56、en__finished__and__I__can__go__out__to__play__now. 7.等你下次來的時候，這個工程就已經(jīng)完工了。你將親自看到它是多么宏大。(the project, complete, by the time, how magnificent, for yourself) The__project__will__have__been__completed__by__the__time__you__come__next__time,__when__you’ll__see__how__magnificent__it__is__for__yourself. 8.由于天氣惡劣，航班延誤了好幾個小時。(owing, flight, delay, couple) Owing__to__bad__weather,__the__flight__was__delayed__for__a__couple__of__hours. 14