2019版高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)習(xí)選題 Unit 5 First Aid（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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Unit 5 First Aid 一、閱讀理解。 According to a team of researchers，an animals ability to perceive(感知)time is linked to their pace of life. “Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures，”mented the lead author Kevin Healy from Trinity College Dublin. The study was done with a variety of animals using a phenomenon based on the maximum speed of flashes of light an individual can see before the light source is seen as constant.Dogs，for example，have eyes with a refresh rate higher than humans. One example of this phenomenon at work，the authors say，is the housefly and its ability to avoid being hit.The research shows flies observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve，which allows them to avoid being hit. Professor Graeme Ruxton of the University of St Andrews in Scotland，who worked jointly on the research project，said in a statement，“Having eyes that send updates to the brain at much higher frequencies than our eyes do is of no value if the brain cannot process that information equally quickly.Thus, this work highlights the impressive abilities of even the smallest animal brains.Flies might not be deep thinkers，but they can make good decisions very quickly.” In parison, the tiger beetle(虎甲蟲(chóng))runs faster than its eyes can keep up，basically being blind，which requires it to stop periodically to reevaluate its preys(獵物)position. Our results suggest that time perception offers an as yet unstudied dimension in which animals can specialize and there is a considerable range to study this system in more detail. 1．What is the research mentioned in the passage mainly about? A．Pace of life of animals. B．Time perception of animals. C．Lifetime of small animals. D．Impressive abilities of animals. 2．What does Kevin Healys ment mean in Para.2? A．The ability of animals to perceive time depends on their high moving speed. B．The survival of fast moving animals relies on their ability to perceive time. C．Animals with quicker pace of life have better perception of time. D．Animals with poor ability of time perception have a shorter life. 3．Why can houseflies avoid being hit? A．They can think very deeply before they act. B．They can fly much faster than their eyes can keep up. C．They can process information as quickly as they receive it. D．They can send information to the brain more quickly than to their eyes. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，動(dòng)物感知時(shí)間的能力和它們的生活節(jié)奏有關(guān)，對(duì)于快速移動(dòng)的動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)感知時(shí)間的能力決定著它們的生死。文章列舉了家蠅、狗和虎甲蟲(chóng)等動(dòng)物，證明了動(dòng)物感知時(shí)間的能力的重要性。 1．B　考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，“According to a team of researchers, an animals ability to perceive(感知)time is linked to their pace of life”為本文的主題句；結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：動(dòng)物感知時(shí)間的能力和它們的生活節(jié)奏有關(guān)，故B項(xiàng)正確。 2．B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段Kevin Healy所說(shuō)的話“Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures”可知，Kevin Healy認(rèn)為，對(duì)于快速移動(dòng)的動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)感知時(shí)間的能力決定著它們的生死；據(jù)此可知，該句是說(shuō)快速移動(dòng)的動(dòng)物的生存依賴于它們對(duì)時(shí)間的感知能力，故B項(xiàng)正確。 3．C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的“The research shows flies observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve，which allows them to avoid being hit”可知，家蠅能比我們?cè)诟痰臅r(shí)間內(nèi)感知到物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)，這是它們得以避免被拍死的原因，故C項(xiàng)正確。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．It is vital that these forms ________ (send) back as early as possible. 答案：(should) be sent　It is vital that ... “……是十分重要的”。其中that從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。 2．________ the aid of our professor, we finished the experiment successfully. 答案：With　with the aid/help of ... “在……的幫助下”。 3．Youd better put things back ________ place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find them. 答案：in　in place “在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩薄? 4．We ________ (watch) TV when there was a power failure. 答案：were watching　be doing ... when ... “正在做……這時(shí)……”，再由“there was ...”可知應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故填were watching。 5．The new technology, if ________ (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output. 答案：applied　從句為狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式。The new technology與apply之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。 6．Men and women should ________ (treat) equally in education and employment. 答案：be treated　treat和Men and women在邏輯上存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 7．His head had struck the wall and ________ (bleed)． 答案：was bleeding　此處表示頭部正在流血，前一分句用了過(guò)去完成時(shí)，故此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。 8．Everyone arrived late at the party for ________ (variety) reasons. 答案：various　修飾名詞reasons應(yīng)用形容詞，表示“各種各樣的”，故填various。 9．Television violence ________ (poison) the minds of young people. 答案：is poisoning　表示現(xiàn)階段正在持續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 10．Dozens of people got ________ (injury) and many vehicles were set on fire. 答案：injured　get injured “受傷”。 三、完形填空。 Two years ago, Dubuque, Iowa, started its first annual “BacktoSchool Bash” program. It offered needy families an opportunity to learn about free __1__ in the munity. Holmes decided to __2__ by providing help to kids. He was __3__ two jobs at the time, one of which was working as a barber. Saturday was his __4__ day, but he chose to __5__ his time and gave free haircuts to lowerclass kids on condition that the kids should __6__ their free haircuts by having to read a book to him. The idea was so __7__ that he continued it for the next two years. Many kids would __8__ a favorite book, settle into the barber chair, and read aloud __9__ Holmes was doing their hair. After the haircuts, theyd review the book, from the __10__ and vocabulary to the themes — just like in school, only more fun. Holmes, who is married __11__ two sons, recognizes that not every parent has the time to __12__ with their kids. So he hopes to offer some __13__ in this way. And he admits he, __14__ , benefits from doing that. There was a sevenyearold kid who __15__ stuttered (結(jié)巴) over words while reading. He had the boy take the book home and __16__. When the child came back a few days later, he read it with no problems. That __17__ Holmes to do more. Holmes and his family have recently moved to a Chicago suburb. When they get __18__， he plans to restart his __19__ as the Storybook Barber. “Todays world is full of guns and violence，” he says. “The barbershop is a __20__ place for the kids to e and read books.” 【文章大意】　本文主要分享了Holmes做公益的故事。 1．A.materials B．resources C．methods D．connections 答案與解析：B根據(jù)上下文可知，社區(qū)給孩子們提供學(xué)習(xí)的免費(fèi)資源。material“材料”；resource“資源”；method“方法”；connection“連接”。 2．A.participate B．perform C．develop D．withdraw 答案與解析：A根據(jù)下文的“by providing help to kids”可推知，Holmes決定參與這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。 3．A.faced with B．caught in C．presented with D．engaged in 答案與解析：D根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，Holmes同時(shí)從事了兩份工作。be faced with “面臨”；be caught in“處于困境”；present with“把……交給”；be engaged in“從事于”。 4．A.happiest B．worst C．busiest D．best 答案與解析：C根據(jù)上文的“as a barber”和空前的“Saturday”可推知，Holmes周六最忙。 5．A.spend B．waste C．save D．donate 答案與解析：D根據(jù)空后的“gave free haircuts”可知，Holmes把自己的時(shí)間捐獻(xiàn)出來(lái)，免費(fèi)給貧窮人家的孩子理發(fā)。donate“捐獻(xiàn)”。 6．A.receive B．earn C．demand D．request 答案與解析：B根據(jù)下文“their free haircuts”的提示可推知，孩子們要通過(guò)讀書(shū)才能掙得免費(fèi)理發(fā)的權(quán)利，故選B，earn“掙得”。 7．A.popular B．ordinary C．plex D．rigid 答案與解析：A根據(jù)下文的“he continued it for the next two years”可推知，這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)很受歡迎，因此Holmes在接下來(lái)的兩年也堅(jiān)持了下來(lái)。popular“受歡迎的”；ordinary“普通的”；plex“復(fù)雜的”；rigid“死板的”。 8．A.put away B．take over C．pick up D．give out 答案與解析：C根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，許多孩子會(huì)拿起書(shū)，坐在理發(fā)椅上，開(kāi)始大聲朗讀。 9．A.before B．a(chǎn)fter C．while D．until 答案與解析：C根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，孩子們讀書(shū)是在Holmes理發(fā)期間。while“在……期間”。 10．A.kids B．heroines C．barbers D．characters 答案與解析：D根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“theyd review the book”和“and vocabulary”可推知，孩子們回顧書(shū)中的角色和詞匯。character“角色”。 11．A.with B．to C．for D．a(chǎn)bout 答案與解析：A根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示Holmes有兩個(gè)兒子。with表示“有”的含義。 12. A．stay B．read C．talk D．learn 答案與解析：B根據(jù)上文的“read a book to him”及“read aloud”可知，此處表示并不是每個(gè)父母都有時(shí)間陪孩子一起讀書(shū)的。 13．A.guidance B．judgment C．a(chǎn)ssistance D．insurance 答案與解析：C根據(jù)上文的“Holmes decided to __2__ by providing help to kids”可知，Holmes希望通過(guò)這種方式來(lái)提供一些幫助。assistance“幫助”。 14．A.again B．still C．then D．too 答案與解析：D根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，Holmes在幫助他人的過(guò)程中自己也受益匪淺。 15．A.usually B．hardly C．merely D．necessarily 答案與解析：A根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，有個(gè)七歲的孩子通常讀得不流暢，故選A項(xiàng)。 16．A.write B．practice C．remark D．reflect 答案與解析：B根據(jù)下文的“When the child came back a few days later, he read it with no problems”可推知，這個(gè)七歲的孩子回家進(jìn)行了練習(xí)，因此再讀起來(lái)沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。 17．A.surprised B．excited C．inspired D．impressed 答案與解析：C根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“do more”可推知，Holmes受到了激勵(lì)，從而做得更多。 18．A.settled B．relaxed C．pleased D．refreshed 答案與解析：A根據(jù)上文的“Holmes and his family have recently moved to a Chicago suburb”可推知，Holmes搬了家，然后安頓下來(lái)，與下文重新開(kāi)始自己原有的項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃呼應(yīng)。settle“定居”。 19．A.ownership B．hobby C．promise D．role 答案與解析：D根據(jù)上文的“working as a barber”及下文的“as the Storybook Barber”可推知，Holmes又重啟自己的邊讀書(shū)邊理發(fā)項(xiàng)目，扮演好自己的角色。 20．A.secret B．safe C．rough D．crowded 答案與解析：B根據(jù)“Todays world is full of guns and violence”可知，在這個(gè)紛亂的世界里，理發(fā)店可以作為孩子們讀書(shū)的安全之地。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．I dont know what to do, because the number of problems have arisen. ______________________________________________________ 答案：the→a　此處表述“大量的問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)了”。the number of ... “……的數(shù)量”；a number of “許多；大量的”，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2．Dont take anything away. Father likes everything to be in the place. ______________________________________________________ 答案：去掉the　in place “在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩薄? 3．We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make big difference to us. ______________________________________________________ 答案：make后加a　make a difference “有影響；起作用”。 4．He decided to apply for the boss for a job the next day. ______________________________________________________ 答案：第一個(gè)for→to　apply to sb. for ... “向某人申請(qǐng)……”。 5．There is no doubt whether global warming is a threat to us all. ______________________________________________________ 答案：whether→that　There is no doubt that ... “毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……”。