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摘 要
零件的加工工藝編制，在機械加工中占有非常重要的地位，零件工藝編制得合不合理，這直接關系到零件最終能否達到質量要求；夾具的設計也是不可缺少的一部分，它關系到能否提高其加工效率的問題。因此這兩者在機械加工行業(yè)中是至關重要的環(huán)節(jié)。
閥蓋零件的主要加工表面為孔和外圓表面。外圓表面加工根據(jù)精度要要求可選擇車削和磨削。孔加工方法的選擇比較復雜，需要考慮零件的結構特點、孔徑大小、長徑比、精度和粗糙度要求以及生產規(guī)模等各種因素。對于精度要求較高的孔往往還要采用幾種不同的方法順次進行加工。本次設計的油缸，為保證孔的精度和表面質量將先后經(jīng)過粗鏜、半精鏜、精鏜和滾壓等四道工序加工。
在機床上對零件進行機械加工時，為保證工件加工精度，首先要保證工件在機床上占有正確的位置，然后通過夾緊機構使工件在正確位置上固定不動，這一任務就是由機床夾具完成。對于單件、小批量生產，應盡量使用通用夾具，這樣可以降低工件的生產成本。但是由于通用夾具適用各種工件的裝夾，所以夾緊時往往比較費時間，并且操作復雜，生產效率低，也難以保證加工精度，為此需設計專用夾具。
關鍵詞：工藝設計、基準選擇、切削用量、定位誤差
ABSTRCT
Is the components craft establishment, holds the very important status in the machine-finishing, the components craft establishes reasonable, whether do this direct relation components achieve the quality requirement finally; Jig's design is also an essential part, whether does it relate raises its processing efficiency the question. Therefore this both in the machine-finishing profession are the important links.
Sleeve components main processing surface for hole and outer annulus surface. The outer annulus face work needs to request according to the precision to be possible to choose the turning and the grinding. The hole processing method's choice is quite complex, needs to consider the components the unique feature, the aperture size, the length to diameter ratio, the precision and roughness request as well as the scale of production and so on each kind of factor. Often must use several different methods regarding the accuracy requirement high hole to carry on the processing in order. This design's cylinder, will pass through half finished boring, the finished boring, the fine articulation and the trundle successively for the guarantee hole's precision and the surface quality and so on four working procedure processings
When the engine bed carries on the machine-finishing to the components, is guaranteed that the work piece working accuracy, first needs to guarantee the work piece holds the correct position on the engine bed, then causes the work piece in the correct position through the clamp organization fixed motionless, this duty is completes by the engine bed jig. Regarding the single unit, the small batch production, should use the universal jig as far as possible, like this may reduce the work piece the production cost. But because the universal jig is suitable each kind of work piece the attire to clamp, therefore time clamp often compares spends the time, and operates complex, the production efficiency is low, also guarantees the working accuracy with difficulty, for this reason must design the unit clamp.
Key word: Craft, datum, cutting specifications, localization datum, position error.
目 錄
前言……………………………………………………………………1
一、零件的分析………………………………………………………2
(一) 零件的功用…………………………………………………2
(二) 零件的工藝分析……………………………………………2
二、零件的工藝規(guī)程設計……………………………………………3
(一) 確定零件的生產類型………………………………………3
(二) 確定零件毛坯制造形式……………………………………3
(三) 擬定零件的機械加工工藝路線……………………………4
(四) 確定加工余量………………………………………………8
三、專用夾具設計……………………………………………………16
(一) 零件的加工工藝分析………………………………………16
(二) 定位夾緊方案的確定及論證………………………………16
(三) 定位誤差分析………………………………………………20
四、結束語…………………………………………………………22
五、參考文獻………………………………………………………23
附:工序卡片及工藝工藝過程卡片
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