高中英語 Unit 1 section 2 Learning about Language課件 新人教版選修8.ppt

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A land of diversity,Unit 1,Section Learning about Language,Unit 1,.詞匯過關(guān) 1_ adj. 人種的，種族的_ n. 種族；賽跑 2_ n. 申請人_ n. 申請_ v. 申請；應(yīng)用 3_ n. 海關(guān)，關(guān)稅_ n. 風(fēng)俗，習(xí)俗 4_ n. 社會主義者_(dá) n. 社會主義_ adj. 社會的；社交的 5_ vi. 發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；突然想起同義詞：_，_，_，_,racial,race,applicant,application,apply,customs,custom,socialist,socialism,social,occur,happen,take place,break out,come about,.短語自查 1_ 申請 2_ 組成 3_ 突然想到 4_ 除了,apply for,consist of,occur to,except for,.經(jīng)典句式 1It didnt _ me that. 是的，我沒想到 2_ seemed as if it would take no time at all! 從一個大國穿越到另一個大國看起來似乎毫不費(fèi)時。,occur to,To make the crossing between these two great countries,.語法練習(xí) 用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空 1_surprises me most is that he is too vain. 2_cars will be parked in the future is a question. 3_we will have a picnic depends on the weather. 4_part of the country he will travel to needs discussing. 5It has not been decided_will attend the meeting. 6It is reported_a new film will be put on in the cinema.,7_Mike didnt turn up at the meeting yesterday made the chairman of the meeting unhappy. 8_the President will attend the party or not is kept a secret. 9It is necessary_he should learn about the whole matter. 10_the little boy died in a babysitter center in Yuxi of Yunnan Province remains a mystery now. 答案：1.What 2.Where 3.When 4.Which 5.who 6that 7.That 8.Whether 9.that 10.Why,1.delight (1)不可數(shù)名詞“高興，愉快”；可數(shù)名詞“樂事，令人高興的事情”。 She won the game easily, to the delight of all her fans. 她很輕松地贏得了這場比賽，令她所有的粉絲都很高興。 This guitar is a delight to play. 這個吉他彈起來很愜意。 (2)用作及物動詞“使高興，愉快”。 His coming delighted all of us. 他的到來使我們都很高興。,知識拓展 英語中有一些抽象名詞，在一定的語境下可以轉(zhuǎn)化為表示具體意義的名詞，前面可以加不定冠詞，即抽象名詞具體化，可以這樣用的名詞還有： success(成功的人/事)；failure(失敗的人/事)；surprise(令人驚訝的人/事)；shame(帶來恥辱的人/事)；comfort(令人感到安慰的人/事)；worry(令人感到煩惱的人/事)；beauty(美人或美麗的事)；envy(令人羨慕的人/事)；shock(令人感到震驚的人/事)；regret(令人感到遺憾的人/事)；pleasure(令人感到高興的人/事)等等。 I want to give you a surprise. 我想給你一個驚喜。,(3)delight相關(guān)的短語： be delighted at/by. 因而高興 be delighted with. 喜歡 take/find delight in. 以為樂 be in high delight 非常高興 to ones delight 使某人高興的是to the delight of sb. with delight 高興地 I am delighted at the news. 聽到這個消息我很高興。 You can find delight in reading. 你可以以讀書為樂。,活學(xué)活用 完成句子 (1)使我高興的是我可以為上海世博會做些事情了。 _ _ _，I can do something for the Shanghai World Expo. (2)把我的壓歲錢捐給貧窮兒童是件很愜意的事情。 Donating my lucky money to the poor children is_ _. (3)在新年晚會上，所有的孩子又唱又跳，非常高興。 In the New Years party，all the children are singing and dancing，_ _ _.,答案：(1)To my delight (2)a delight (3)in high delight,2applicant n. 申請人 There were five applicants for the position. 有5個人申請那個職位。 知識拓展 apply vi. 申請；適用 vt. 應(yīng)用；運(yùn)用 apply for 申請；請求 He has applied for a post in England. 他已申請在英國供職。 apply to 適用于 What you said doesnt apply to me. 你所說的并不適合我。,apply oneself to 致力于；集中精力做 applied adj. 應(yīng)用的；適用的 application n. 應(yīng)用；申請；申請表 What you said doesnt apply to me. 你所說的并不適合我。 He has applied for a post in England. 他已申請在英國供職。,活學(xué)活用 補(bǔ)全句子 我哥哥在北京申請了一份不錯的工作。 My elder brother_ _ _ _ _in Beijing. 答案：applied for a wellpaid job.,3occur vi. 發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；存在于 The tragedy occurred only minutes after takeoff. 這一悲劇在起飛后幾分鐘內(nèi)就發(fā)生了。,知識拓展,It occurred to me to visit my parents. 我突然想去探望父母。 A good idea comes to me. 我突然想到一個好主意。 注意：occur通常和介詞to搭配，表示“某人想起，想到”。,It occurred to me to visit my parents. 我突然想去探望父母。 A good idea comes to me. 我突然想到一個好主意。 注意：occur通常和介詞to搭配，表示“某人想起，想到”。,比較網(wǎng)站 occur，happen，come about，take place與break out 在表示“發(fā)生”時這些詞均為不及物動詞，均沒有被動語態(tài)形式。,活學(xué)活用 (1)用上面四個詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空 How did it_that people refused to buy watermelon? Should nuclear war_， what would become of human beings? When and where will the meeting_？ It_to me that we should write to our parents now and them. 答案：come about break out take place occured,(2)Does it ever_you to use your sight to see into the inner nature of a friend or acquaintance? Ahappen to Boccur to Crefer to Dcontribute to 答案：B 句意：你曾想到用你的視覺去探視一位朋友或認(rèn)識的人的內(nèi)在本性嗎？Did it ever occur to you that.？為固定表達(dá)，表示“你可曾想到？”,consist of 由組成(或構(gòu)成) The society consists of 30 members. 這個協(xié)會有30個會員組成。 Their diet consisted largely of vegetables. 他們的日常飲食以蔬菜為主。,知識拓展 consist in 存在于，在于 consist with 并存；一致；符合 True education does not consist in simply being taught facts. 真正的教育并不在于簡單地講授知識。 As is known to all, theory should consist with practice. 眾所周知，理論應(yīng)與實踐相一致。,活學(xué)活用 (1)補(bǔ)全句子 考試分兩部分：筆試和口試。 The exam consists_two parts: a written test and an oral. 答案：of,(2)In many American universities, the total work for a degree_thirtysix courses, each_for one semester(學(xué)期) Ais consisted of; lasts Bconsists of; lasting Cis made up of; lasts Dmake up of; lasting,答案：B 句意：在許多美國大學(xué)里，獲得一個學(xué)位需要學(xué)習(xí)36門課程，每門課程則需一學(xué)期。 consist of表示“由組成(或構(gòu)成)”；不能用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)以及被動語態(tài)。第二空考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法，“代詞each現(xiàn)在分詞短語lasting for one semester”在句中擔(dān)任狀語，起補(bǔ)充說明作用。,To make the crossing between these two great countries seemed as if it would take no time at all! 從一個大國穿越到另一個大國看起來似乎毫不費(fèi)時！ 本句是一個主從復(fù)合句，不定式作主語，seemed后跟的是as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。seem的意思是“似乎，好像，仿佛，看來”，現(xiàn)將其用法歸納如下： seem (to be)名詞/形容詞 seem不定式(不定式有時用進(jìn)行時或完成時) seemlike名詞,It seems that.看起來，似乎 There seems (to be)似乎有 It seems as if/though.似乎(從句常用虛擬語氣，如果所述情況實現(xiàn)的可能性較大，則從句用陳述語氣) It seems as if somebody is calling you. 好像有人在叫你。(陳述語氣) It seems as though he were very stupid. 他似乎很笨。(虛擬語氣) Mary seems (to be) a very clever girl. 瑪麗看上去是一個非常聰明的女孩。,活學(xué)活用 (1)補(bǔ)全句子 你好面熟，我似乎在什么地方見過你。 You look familiar to me.I seem_ _ _you somewhere. 答案：to have seen,(2)According to the shopping list, _ a dozen socks. Athere seems to be Bthere seem to be Cthere seem to have Dit seems to be 答案：B there seem(s) to be.“似乎有”，seem的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由后面的名詞決定。,名詞性從句用作主語、賓語和表語 名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞(詞組)。它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語以及同位語。因此，根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句以及同位語從句。,新課標(biāo)語法,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可以分為三類： 連接詞：that, whether，if (不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分)； 連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which(在句中擔(dān)任主語，賓語或定語)； 連接副詞：when, where, how, why(在句中擔(dān)任狀語，表示時間、地點、方式或原因)。,.名詞性從句的分類： 1主語從句 主語從句是在復(fù)合句中擔(dān)任主語的句子；通常位于句末，句首則采用it作形式主語。注意，what引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般不用it作形式主語。 1)常以it作形式主語的句型有： It is形容詞that. It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。,It is名詞詞組(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, common knowledge, a surprise, a fact, etc.)that. Its a pity that we cant go. 很遺憾我們不能去。 It is過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)that. It has been suggested that much should be done to prevent the river from being polluted. 有人建議應(yīng)做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。,It appears/seems that.|It happens that.|It occurred to me that.|It turned out that. It turned out that nobody remembered the address. 結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)沒人記得這地址。 It doesnt matter that.|It makes no difference that. It doesnt matter whether she will come or not. 她是否來這無關(guān)緊要。 2)當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。 Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來很要緊嗎？,3)當(dāng)主語從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。 How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子們這么安靜真奇怪！,2賓語從句 主從復(fù)合句中起賓語作用的從句稱為賓語從句。學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句應(yīng)該注意以下幾點。 1)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that一般可以省略，但是在及物動詞之后跟有兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時，只有第一個that可以省略。 Glancing at her scornfully, he told her(that) the dress was sold. 他輕蔑地看了她一眼，告訴她說那件衣服賣了。,The teacher said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 老師說課文非常重要，我們應(yīng)該背下來。 2)表示“心理活動”的形容詞：afraid, anxious, aware, ashamed, annoyed, certain, confident, content, convinced, determined, disappointed, glad, happy, proud, pleased, sure, surprised, satisfied, thankful, worried等可以后接賓語從句。 He was afraid that he would lose. 他擔(dān)心會輸。,I am sure that I put the money in the box. 我肯定把錢放在盒子里了。 3)若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式，這種現(xiàn)象稱為“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”現(xiàn)象(此時主語往往為第一人稱，偶爾為第三人稱；否定詞never, seldom, hardly, little無此用法)。 I dont think his decision is wise in reality. 實際上，我覺得他的決定并不明智。 I dont believe that he is a dishonest man. 我認(rèn)為他是個誠實的人。,4)在think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, hope等動詞以及Im afraid之后，可以采用so代替一個肯定的賓語從句，也可以采用not代替否定的賓語從句。 Do you believe the news stories? I believe so. “你相信這個新聞故事嗎？”“我相信?！?Has Anne got into university? I am afraid not. “安妮上大學(xué)了嗎？”“恐怕是沒有?！?3表語從句 在句中作表語的從句稱為表語從句；學(xué)習(xí)表語從句應(yīng)該注意以下幾點。 1)通常只用that引導(dǎo)表語從句的情況。 句子的主語為the reason時，表語從句采用that引導(dǎo)，表示原因，此時不用because。 The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 她生病的原因是她吃了變質(zhì)的肉。,句子的主語為the result時，表語從句采用that引導(dǎo)。 The result is that many of them become fat. 結(jié)果是他們中許多人發(fā)胖了。 由why引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時。 Why we decided to put off the match is that the weather was too terrible. 我們決定推遲比賽的原因是天氣太糟糕了。 2)as if/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句通常置于系動詞look, seem, sound, be等后面；表語從句既可以采用虛擬語氣，也可采用直陳語氣。,It sounded as if somebody was knocking at/on the door. 聽起來好像有人在敲門。 She treats him as if he were a stranger. 她待他如陌生人。,.名詞性從句考點歸納： 1名詞性從句必須采用陳述語序。 I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。,2it充當(dāng)形式主語或賓語： 在名詞性從句中，為了使句子保持平衡，常用先行詞it來代替主語從句或賓語從句，而把主語從句或賓語從句放到后面，尤其是連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句常用于此句式中。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。 I find it strange that she doesnt want to travel. 她竟不想旅游， 我覺得很奇怪。,3在名詞性從句中 that與what的差異： what在從句中要充當(dāng)某個成分(主語、賓語或表語)，在任何情況下都不能省略，表示“(the thing or things that.; whatever)的事物； 無論什么；凡是的事物”。that本身沒有詞匯意義，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，在口語和非正式文件中，賓語從句中的that常常省略。 What you have done might do harm to others. 你所做的事或許對別人有害處。 I spent what little time I had with my family. 我僅有的一點兒時間都和家人在一起度過了。,No one knows what will happen next. 誰也不知道下一步有什么事。 I think(that) you will like the stamps. 我認(rèn)為你會喜歡這些郵票的。,4whether和if的差異： 1)引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句或同位語從句，只能采用whether。 Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。 2)介詞賓語只用whether引導(dǎo)。 He was worrying about whether he had hurt her feeling. 他焦慮地想知道是否傷害了她的感情。,3)當(dāng)whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時，不能被if替換。 Whether he will come or not, I am not sure. 我無法確認(rèn)他是否會來。 4)whether經(jīng)常與or not 直接連用，構(gòu)成whether or not。 I dont know whether or not hell come. 我不知道他是來還是不來。 5)后接動詞不定式時只能用whether。 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留？,6)動詞discuss后面只能接whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 We discussed whether we should close the shop. 我們討論我們是否關(guān)閉這家商店。,5賓語從句和主句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)： 1)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或?qū)頃r態(tài)時，賓語從句可以選擇適當(dāng)?shù)臅r態(tài)。 Will you tell me how I can keep fit? 能告訴我如何保持健康嗎？ 2)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞為過去時態(tài)時，為保持時態(tài)一致，賓語從句應(yīng)采用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)。 Jack told me that he had been there twice. 杰克告訴我他去過那兒兩次了。,3)當(dāng)主句謂語為過去時態(tài)時，賓語從句表示客觀真理、客觀存在的事物、格言時， 仍然采用一般現(xiàn)在時。 Long ago, people knew that there are four seasons in a year. 很久以前，人們就知道一年有四個季節(jié)。,6連接代詞whoever, whatever, whichever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的含義： 1)whoever的用法： (the person or people who.)的那個人 Whoever said that? 到底誰講的這話？ (any person who.)的任何一個人 Tell whoever you like; it makes no difference to me. 你愿意告訴誰就告訴誰對我來說都無所謂。,2)whatever的用法： (any or every)任何；每一 Take whatever action is needed. 采取任何必要的措施。 (anything or everything)任何事物；一切事物 You must do whatever is best for you. 什么對你最有利你就得做什么。 (表示做什么或發(fā)生什么都沒關(guān)系，因為結(jié)果都一樣)無論什么，不管什么 You have our support, whatever you decide. 不管你做何決定，都會得到我們的支持。,3)whichever的用法： (表示什么特征或品質(zhì)在作決定時重要)的那個；的那些 Take whichever hat suits you best. 挑個最適合你戴的帽子。 無論哪個；無論哪些 Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. 你們當(dāng)中不論哪個進(jìn)來將會得到獎勵。,7虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用： 1)主語從句 It is necessary that he(should)come to see us. 他有必要來看望我們。 2)賓語從句 The teacher suggested that we(should)have a rest. 老師建議我們休息一會兒。 3)表語從句 My suggestion is that we(should)read English newspapers to improve our English. 我的建議是我們應(yīng)該閱讀英文報紙來提高我們的英語水平。,8it作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較 it作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都用連詞that，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時也可用who/whom。 Its a pity that he missed the opportunity to travel abroad. 他錯過了去國外旅游的機(jī)會，真是可惜。 Who was it that won the World Cup in 2014? 誰贏得了2014年的世界杯？,典題賞析 1(2014北京)The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal. Awhere Bwhen Chow Dwhy 答案：B 考查表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。根據(jù)主句中的名詞the best moment可知，空格處應(yīng)表示指時間的詞，故用when引導(dǎo)。句意：對于那個足球明星來說，最好的時刻就是他射中了制勝的一球而得分的那個時候。,2(2014福建)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing _ youre afraid to do. Athat Bwhat Chow Dwhether 答案：B 考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作do的賓語，故用what引導(dǎo)。句意：振作起來吧。勇氣能幫助你克服一切困難。,3(2014湖南)As John Lennon once said，life is_ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhere 答案：C 考查名詞性從句。所填詞引導(dǎo)表語從句，引導(dǎo)詞作從句的主語，指物，用what，故選C項。,4(2014山東)It is difficult for us to imagine_life was like for slaves in the ancient world. Awhere Bwhat Cwhich Dwhy 答案：B 考查名詞性從句。句意：對我們來說，想象奴隸們在古代的生活是什么樣子是很難的?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)賓語從句，從句中be like后缺少表語，故用what引導(dǎo)。,5(2014四川)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said ，“Thats _ I was born.” Awhen Bhow Cwhy Dwhere 答案：D 本題考查表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：奶奶指著那家醫(yī)院說：“那就是我出生的地方?！眞hen表示時間；how表示方式；why表示原因；where表示地點；由題干中的關(guān)鍵信息the hospital可知，此處是指“我出生的地方”，故要用where引導(dǎo)表語從句。,6(2014浙江)“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _ my mother used to tell me. Awhat Bhow Cthat Dwhether 答案：A 本題考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：“每次你吃甜東西，喝點綠茶?！边@是過去媽媽經(jīng)常對我說的話。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查的是表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。從句缺少tell的一個賓語，用what引導(dǎo)，故A項正確。how在句中作方式狀語；that只起連接作用，不作句子成分；whether是否，不作句子成分。,7(2013陜西)It remains to be seen _ the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhether 答案：D 本題考查名詞性從句。句意：那仍然得看新形成的委員會政策能否付諸實踐。it在此為形式主語，故seen后為真正的主語從句，又由remains to be seen可知存在不確定的意思，所以用whether是否。故選D項。,8(2013天津)_I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. AThat BWhich CWhether DWhat 答案：D 本題考查名詞性從句。句意：我想要告訴你的是我對我的父母的深深的愛與尊重。分析句子成分，is是系動詞，the deep love and respect是表語，is前的從句為主語從句。在這個主語從句中，tell后要跟雙賓語，所以tell you后缺一個賓語，名詞性從句缺賓語，要用what 來引導(dǎo)，故選D項。,9(2013重慶)_ struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son. AThat BIt CWhat DWhich 答案：C 本題考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：電影中最打動我的是那位父親對他兒子的深深的愛。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，_struck me most in the movie為主語從句，從句缺少主語，用what引導(dǎo)。that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，僅僅起連接作用，不作句子成分；it不能引導(dǎo)從句；which引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，可以作主語、賓語與表語，但是表示特指。由語境可知C項正確。,10(2013四川)_ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. AWhen BHow CWhat DThat 答案：C 本題考查名詞性從句中連詞的用法。因為本題主語從句中said缺少賓語，而且主句中describes缺少主語，故選擇what作兼語成分。,.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空 1_he will come hasnt been decided. 2_we do must be in the interests of the people. 3_surprised me most was that she didnt even know where the difference between the two lines. 4It worried her a bit_her hair was turning grey. 5The difficulty we now meet with is_we can persuade him to tell us the truth. 6Pudong Developmental Zone is no longer_it used to be.,7He was born in 1821 in a rich family in_is now the state of Virginia. 8. We havent decided to take your proposal yet. All depends on_it is practical. 9_made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities. 10I was surprised by her words，_made me recognize_silly mistakes I had made. 答案：1.Whether/How/When 2.Whatever 3.What 4that 5.how 6.what 7.what 8.whether 9.What；that 10.which；what,.將下列句子改為含有名詞性從句的復(fù)合句 1English is being accepted as an international language.It is a fact. _ 2It is generally considered unwise to give a child everything he or she wants. _ 3It used to be a quiet village. I still remember that time. _,4He is said to go abroad and marry an American girl next week. _ 5He should report this accident to the police at once. This is my suggestion. _,答案：1. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 2It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 3I still remember when it used to be a quiet village. 4It is said that he will go abroad and marry an American girl next week. 5My suggestion is that he should report this accident to the police at once.,