高考英語 語法專項(xiàng)突破 名詞和代詞課件 外研版.ppt
路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索,走向高考 英語,外研版 高考總復(fù)習(xí),語法專項(xiàng)突破,第二部分,語法專項(xiàng)突破(五) 名詞和代詞,第二部分,考 綱 解 讀,命 題 分 析,知 識(shí) 歸 納,語 法 專 練,2,3,4,1,高考英語考查代詞的考點(diǎn)主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面:1.復(fù)合不定代詞something的用法;2.one和those替代詞的用法;3.it作形式賓語的用法;4.either,neither,both;any,none,no one等代詞的相互區(qū)別。,一、考點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納 考點(diǎn)一 不定代詞 1some與any,Any one will do. 任何一個(gè)都行。 Do you feel any better today? 今天感覺好些了嗎? 復(fù)合不定代詞someone, somebody, something和anyone, anybody, anything的用法同some與any。,2each與every 提示:表示“每隔”用every,不用each。 every two daysevery second dayevery other day 每隔一天 every與not連用,表示部分否定;each與not連用,表示全部否定。,3both, neither, either與all, none, any 提示:all, both與not連用時(shí),表示部分否定。,4none, nothing與nobody(no one),提示:none側(cè)重于數(shù)量,而nobody (no one)/nothing 側(cè)重于人/物本身。 Who knows the answer to this question? 誰知道這個(gè)問題的答案? No one. 沒有人知道。,How many of you have been to the Three Gorges Dam? 你們中有多少人去過三峽? None. 一個(gè)沒有。 Whats in the bottle? 瓶子里有什么? Nothing. 什么也沒有。,5another, (the) other(s), else與the rest (1) (2),提示:another可用于“another基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞”中,與“數(shù)詞more/other復(fù)數(shù)名詞”含義相同。 else只能放在復(fù)合不定代詞或疑問代詞后。 I dont think weve met before. Youre taking me for someone else. 我認(rèn)為我們以前沒見過面。你錯(cuò)把我當(dāng)成別人了。 Whose else/Who elses can it be? 那可能會(huì)是誰的呢? the rest既可代替可數(shù)名詞,也可代替不可數(shù)名詞。而another, other, the other(s) 只能代替可數(shù)名詞。,典題示例 I have done much of the work. Could you please finish _ in two days? 剖析:the rest the rest在本題中指代不可數(shù)名詞,相當(dāng)于the rest of the work。,考點(diǎn)二 替代詞it, that, (the) one(s), those的用法 1it和that都替代“the單數(shù)名詞(可數(shù)或不可數(shù))”,表示特指,但it指前面的“同一”事物,而that指前面提到的“同類”事物。 2one替代“a單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”,表示泛指。特指的the one相當(dāng)于that;the ones是復(fù)數(shù)形式,相當(dāng)于those;當(dāng)后面有of短語時(shí),一般用that或those,當(dāng)有前置修飾語時(shí),只能用one(s),如the red one。one(s), the one(s), those, that都是替代“同類”事物,其中只有that可替代不可數(shù)名詞。,There is only one watch of the type in the shop, so I want to buy it for her. 商店里這種手表只有一塊,我想為她買下。(it為特指,指代“唯一的那塊手表”) I have no dictionary, so I want to buy one. 我沒有字典,所以想買一本。 No dictionary is as useful as the one/that I bought last year. 我去年買的那本詞典最有用。,The children from the United States are different from the ones/those from China. 從美國來的孩子同從中國來的孩子不一樣。 The boy told me his story and that of the girl next door. 這位男孩跟我講了他以及隔壁女孩的故事。 The climate of Japan is not so mild as that of Taiwan. 日本氣候不如臺(tái)灣的溫和。,3it的用法 (1)指代時(shí)間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象等。 It is half past two. 現(xiàn)在是230。 It was very cold in the room. 房間里很冷。 (2)指代前面所提到的事物、群體、性別不明或不重要的人或物。 Who is knocking? 誰在敲門? Its me. 是我。,(3)作形式主語或賓語,指代從句、動(dòng)名詞或不定式。 It is not easy to learn English well. 學(xué)好英語不容易。(代替不定式) I think it necessary that we have the meeting. 我認(rèn)為我們開會(huì)是有必要的。(代替從句) (4)用在不能直接跟賓語從句的動(dòng)詞或介詞后,尤其是表示好惡的動(dòng)詞。 I hate it when someone speaks with his mouth full. 我不喜歡有人說話時(shí)滿嘴食物。,I cant help it if he is always late. 若他總是遲到,我也幫不上忙。 I will appreciate it if you can help me. 如果你能幫助我,我將不勝感激。 (5)用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中:It is/was.that/who. Its from the sun that we get light and heat. 我們從陽光中得到光和熱。,考點(diǎn)三 人稱代詞、指示代詞及其他 1人稱代詞單獨(dú)使用時(shí),一般不用主格而用賓格。 Id like to go back here. 我想回到這里。 Me too. 我也是。,2指示代詞this, that, these, those,提示:打電話時(shí),用this介紹自己,用that來問對(duì)方。 this和that還可表示程度,意為“如此,那么”,相當(dāng)于so,作狀語。 I dont want that much. 我不要那么多。 The book is about this thick. 那本書大約有這么厚。,二、方法技巧總結(jié) 代詞在語言使用中相當(dāng)頻繁,看似簡單而真正掌握又實(shí)屬不易。因此在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要全面了解各類代詞的用法,并多注意易混詞的區(qū)別,多積累典型習(xí)題,具體方法如下: 方法一:在學(xué)習(xí)中注意易混的代詞用法,尤其是下列幾組: none, nothing, nobody (no one) one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those other, the other, others, the others, each other, another it, one, that, this neither, either, both any, every, each,典題改編 (2013陜西改編)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life. 剖析:none 考查代詞。句意:盡管Rosemary多年來承受嚴(yán)重的疾病,她一點(diǎn)也沒用失去對(duì)于生活的熱情。由although可知下文要表示否定意義的代詞,none表示“(三者或三者以上)全都不,一點(diǎn)也不”,符合題意。,方法二:解題時(shí)要明確考點(diǎn),然后對(duì)比分析,理清邏輯,對(duì)癥下藥。這就要求我們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)要明確: 代詞指的是人還是物。 是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞。 是特指還是泛指。 是肯定還是否定。 是兩者還是三者或三者以上。 代詞所指代的范圍是什么。,典題改編 Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like _of them very much. 剖析:either 考查代詞的用法。句意:我在紐約和芝加哥生活過,但是這兩個(gè)城市我都不是很喜歡。根據(jù)but一詞可知,不喜歡這兩個(gè)城市。對(duì)兩者的否定要用neither或者not either。,