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附錄一 英文翻譯原文
鋼坯火焰清理機(jī)氧化皮、裂紋清理
鋼板從鋼鐵廠經(jīng)過(guò)一系列的中間環(huán)節(jié)到達(dá)切割車間，在這段時(shí)間里，鋼板表面難免產(chǎn)生一層氧化皮。再者，鋼板在軋制過(guò)程中也產(chǎn)生一層氧化皮附著在鋼板表面。這些氧化皮熔點(diǎn)高，不容易燃燒和熔化，增加了預(yù)熱時(shí)間，降低了切割速度；同時(shí)經(jīng)過(guò)加熱，氧化皮四處飛濺，極易對(duì)割嘴造成堵塞，降低了割嘴的使用壽命。所以，在切割前，很有必要對(duì)鋼板表面進(jìn)行除銹預(yù)處理。常用的方法是拋丸除銹，之后噴漆防銹。即將細(xì)小鐵砂用噴丸機(jī)噴向鋼板表面，靠鐵砂對(duì)鋼板的沖擊力除去氧化皮，再噴上阻燃、導(dǎo)電性好的防銹漆。鋼板切割之前的除銹噴漆預(yù)處理已成為金屬結(jié)構(gòu)生產(chǎn)中一個(gè)不可缺少的環(huán)節(jié)。
在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中，經(jīng)常會(huì)產(chǎn)生這樣或那樣的質(zhì)量問(wèn)題，一般有如下幾種缺陷：邊緣缺陷，切割斷面缺陷，掛渣、裂紋等。而造成質(zhì)量事故的原因很多，如果氧氣純度保證正常，設(shè)備運(yùn)行正常，那么造成火焰切割質(zhì)量缺陷的原因主要表現(xiàn)在如下幾個(gè)方面：割炬、割嘴、鋼材本身質(zhì)量、鋼板材質(zhì)。
1．上邊緣切割質(zhì)量缺陷
這是由于熔化而造成的質(zhì)量缺陷。
（1） 上邊緣塌邊
現(xiàn)象：邊緣熔化過(guò)快，造成圓角塌邊。
原因：
① 切割速度太慢，預(yù)熱火焰太強(qiáng)；
② 割嘴與工件之間的高度太高或太低；使用的割嘴號(hào)太大，火焰中的氧氣過(guò)剩。
（2）水滴狀熔豆串
現(xiàn)象：在切割的上邊緣形成一串水滴狀的熔豆。
原因：
① 鋼板表面銹蝕或有氧化皮；
割嘴與鋼板之間的高度太小，預(yù)熱火焰太強(qiáng)；
③ 割嘴與鋼板之間的高度太大。
（3）上邊緣塌邊并呈現(xiàn)房檐狀
現(xiàn)象：在切口上邊緣，形成房檐狀的凸出塌邊。
原因：
① 預(yù)熱火焰太強(qiáng)；
② 割嘴與鋼板之間的高度太低；
③ 切割速度太慢；割嘴與工件之間的高度太大，使用的割嘴號(hào)偏大，預(yù)熱火焰中氧氣過(guò)剩。
（4）切割斷面的上邊緣有掛渣
現(xiàn)象：切口上邊緣凹陷并有掛渣。
原因：
① 割嘴與工件之間的高度太大，切割氧壓力太高；
② 預(yù)熱火焰太強(qiáng)。
2．切割斷面凹凸不平，即平面度差
（1）切割斷面上邊緣下方，有凹形缺陷現(xiàn)象：在接受切割斷面上邊緣處有凹陷，同時(shí)上邊緣有不同程度的熔化塌邊。
原因：
① 切割氧壓力太高；
② 割嘴與工件之間的高度太大；割嘴有雜物堵塞，使風(fēng)線受到干擾變形。
（2）割縫從上向下收縮
現(xiàn)象：割縫上寬下窄。
原因：
① 切割速度太快；
② 割嘴與工件之間的高度太大，割嘴有雜物堵塞，使風(fēng)線受到干擾變形。
（3）割縫上窄下寬
現(xiàn)象：割縫上窄下寬，成喇叭狀。
原因：
① 切割速度太快，切割氧壓力太高；
② 割嘴號(hào)偏大，使切割氧流量太大；
③ 割嘴與工件之間的高度太大；
（4）切割斷面凹陷
現(xiàn)象：在整個(gè)切割斷面上，尤其中間部位有凹陷。
原因：
① 切割速度太快；
② 使用的割嘴太小，切割壓力太低，割嘴堵塞或損壞；
③ 切割氧壓力過(guò)高，風(fēng)線受阻變壞。
（5）切割斷面呈現(xiàn)出大的波紋形狀
現(xiàn)象：切割斷面凸凹不平，呈現(xiàn)較大的波紋形狀。
原因：
① 切割速度太快；
② 切割氧壓力太低，割嘴堵塞或損壞，使風(fēng)線變壞；
③ 使用的割嘴號(hào)太大。
（6）切口垂直方向的角度偏差
現(xiàn)象：切口不垂直，出現(xiàn)斜角。
原因：
① 割炬與工件面不垂直；
② 風(fēng)線不正。
（7）切口下邊緣成圓角
現(xiàn)象：切口下邊緣有不同程度的熔化，成圓角狀。
原因：
① 割嘴堵塞或者損壞，使風(fēng)線變壞；
② 切割速度太快，切割氧壓力太高。
（8）切口下部凹陷且下邊緣成圓角
現(xiàn)象：接近下邊緣處凹陷并且下邊緣熔化成圓角。
原因：
切割速度太快，割嘴堵塞或者損壞，風(fēng)線受阻變壞。
3．切割斷面的粗糙度缺陷 切割斷面的粗糙度直接影響后續(xù)工序的加工質(zhì)量，切斷面的粗糙度與割紋的超前量及其深度有關(guān)。
（1）切割斷面后拖量過(guò)大
現(xiàn)象：切割斷面割紋向后偏移很大，同時(shí)隨著偏移量的大小而出現(xiàn)不同程度的凹陷。
原因：
① 切割速度太快；
② 使用的割嘴太小，切割氧流量太小，切割氧壓力太低；
③ 割嘴與工件的高度太大。
（2）在切割斷面上半部分，出現(xiàn)割紋超前量
現(xiàn)象：在接近上邊緣處，形成一定程度的割紋超前量。
原因：
① 割炬與切割方向不垂直，割嘴堵塞或損壞；
② 風(fēng)線受阻變壞；
現(xiàn)象：在靠近切割斷面下邊緣處出現(xiàn)割紋超前量太大。
原因：
① 割嘴堵塞或損壞，風(fēng)線受阻變壞；
② 割炬不垂直或割嘴有問(wèn)題，使風(fēng)線不正、傾斜。
4．掛渣 在切割斷面上或下邊緣產(chǎn)生難以清除的掛渣。
（1）下邊緣掛渣
現(xiàn)象：在切割斷面的下邊緣產(chǎn)生連續(xù)的掛渣。
原因：
① 切割速度太快或太慢，使用的割嘴號(hào)太小，切割氧壓力太低；
② 預(yù)熱火焰中燃?xì)膺^(guò)剩，鋼板表面有氧化皮銹蝕或不干凈；
③ 割嘴與工件之間的高度太大，預(yù)熱火焰太強(qiáng)。
（2）切割斷面上產(chǎn)生掛渣
現(xiàn)象：在切割斷面上有掛渣，尤其在下半部分有掛渣。
原因：
合金成份含量太高。
5．裂紋
現(xiàn)象：在切割斷面上出現(xiàn)可見(jiàn)裂紋，或在切割斷面附近的內(nèi)部出現(xiàn)脈動(dòng)裂紋，或只是在橫斷面上可見(jiàn)到裂紋。
原因：
含碳量或含合金成份太高，采用預(yù)熱切割法時(shí)，工件預(yù)熱溫度不夠，工件冷卻時(shí)間太快，材料冷作硬化。
附錄2：英文技術(shù)資料及中文翻譯
Billet flame cleaning machine oxide skin, crack cleaning device design
From steel plate through a series of intermediate link reach incision workshop, during this period, the steel plate surface unavoidably produce a layer of oxide skin. Moreover, steel rolling process also produce in a layer of oxide skin attached to the steel plate surface. These oxide skin melting point, not easy high combustion and melting, increased preheating time, reduced the cutting speed; Meanwhile, after heating, oxide skin around the splash and extremely easily to cut caused jams, reduces the lips mouth using life. Cut So, in is necessary before cutting for steel surface derusting pretreatment.
Commonly used method is peen-forming derusting, after painting antirust. Upcoming shot peening machine with tiny iron ore, steel surfaces by soar into the impact of the of the steel iron ore remove oxide skin, spray flame retardant and electric conductivity good antirust paint.
Steel cutting the derusting spray-paint preprocessing before production of metal structure has become an indispensable tache.
In the actual production process, often have this or that kind of quality problem, generally has the following several defects: edge defects, cutting section defects, hang slag, crack, etc. The causes of the accident caused by quality, if oxygen purity guarantee many normal, in normal operation, then the flame cutting quality defects caused by reason mainly lie in the following aspects: cutting torch, cut the mouth, steel, steel material quality of itself.
1. The upper edge cutting quality defects
This is because the quality defect caused by the melting.
(1) on edge collapse edge
Phenomenon: melting too fast, causing rounded edge collapse edge.
Reason:
(1) the cutting speed too slow, preheat flame strong;
(2) the mouth and workpiece cut between highly too much or too little; The use of mouth number too big, cut the oxygen excess. Flame
(2) water droplets shape molten bean string (see chart 9-9)
Phenomenon: in cutting the upper edge of the form a string of water droplets form of melting beans.
Reason:
(1) the steel plate surface corrosion or have oxide skin;
(2) the steel mouth and cut between too high too small, preheat flame;
(3) the steel mouth and cut between highly too big.
(3) the upper edge of the present FangYan shape and collapse edge (see chart 9-10)
Phenomenon: in the upper edge of the FangYan incision, forming the bulge (collapse edge.
Reason:
(1) the preheating flame strong;
(2) the steel mouth and cut between highly too low;
(3) cutting speed too slow; Cut the height of mouth and between parts, the use of cut too large, too large, the mouth overcapacity. Oxygen in the preheated flame
(4) cutting section has hang the upper edge of the slag (see chart 9-11)
Phenomenon: cut on the edge sag and hangs slag.
Reason:
(1) the mouth and workpiece cut between highly too big, cut oxygen pressure is too high;
(2) the preheating flame is too strong.
2. Cutting section is uneven, namely flatness poor
(1) cutting edge on the cross, has sunken shape defects below (see chart 9-12) phenomenon: in accepting the edge cutting sections have cave, meanwhile the upper edge of the different levels of melting collapse edge.
Reason:
(1) cut oxygen pressure is too high;
(2) the mouth and workpiece cut between highly too big; Cut the mouth had sundry jams, make the wind line interference deformation.
(2) cut from top down contraction joints (see chart 9-13)
Phenomenon: cut to sew up wide below narrow.
Reason:
(1) cut too fast;
(2) the mouth and workpiece cut between highly too big, cut the mouth had sundry jams, make the wind line interference deformation.
(3) cut to sew up the narrow below wide (see chart 9-14)
Phenomenon: cut with narrow width, sewn into horn shape.
Reason:
(1) the cutting speed too fast, cutting oxygen pressure is too high;
(2), cut too large, the mouth that cutting oxygen flow too big;
(3) the mouth and workpiece cut between highly too big;
(4) cutting section sag (see chart 9-15)
Phenomenon: in the whole cutting section, especially have sunken intermediate place.
Reason:
(1) cut too fast;
(2) the use of mouth is too small, cutting pressure cut is too low, cut congestion or damage; mouth
(3) cutting too high, the wind line oxygen pressure thwarted worse.
(5) cutting sections show big corrugated shape (see chart 9-16)
Phenomenon: cutting section bumpy, appear larger corrugated shape.
Reason:
(1) cut too fast;
(2) the cutting oxygen pressure is too low, the mouth jam or damage, cut to the wind line deteriorate;
(3) the mouth, use cut is too big.
(6) incision of perpendicular direction Angle deviation (see chart 9-17)
Phenomenon: incision not vertical, appear bevel.
Reason:
(1) the torch with workpiece surface will not cut vertical;
(2) the wind line is not right.
(7) incision into round the lower edge (see chart 9-18)
Phenomenon: incision had different degrees of the lower edge of the melt into round shape.
Reason:
(1) mouth jam or damage, cut to the wind line deteriorate;
(2) the cutting speed too fast, cutting oxygen pressure is too high.
(8) incision under the lower sag and into rounded edge (see chart 9-19)
Phenomenon: close to lower edge sag under melting into fillet and edge.
Reason:
Cutting too fast, mouth jam or damage, cut the line go bad. Blocked
3. Cutting sections of roughness defects of cutting section directly influences the follow-up process roughness machining quality, the roughness and cut off the depth and volume of advanced tattoo concerned.
(1) after cutting section dragged dimension (FIG 9-20)
Phenomenon: cutting section cut grain backward migration is very big, at the same time as the size of the offset and appear different levels of depression.
Reason:
(1) cut too fast;
(2) the use of cut is too small, and cutting oxygen flow mouth too low, cutting oxygen pressure;
(3) the height of mouth and workpiece cut is too big.
(2) in the first half part, cutting sections appear cut lines leading quantity (see chart 9-21)
Phenomenon: the edge in close, forming a certain degree of cut lines leading quantity.
Reason:
(1) the torch and cutting direction not cut, cut congestion or vertical mouth damage;
(2) the wind line thwarted deteriorate;
Phenomenon: near the lower edge cutting sections appear cut lines leading quantity too big.
Reason:
(1) mouth jam or damage, cut thwarted deteriorate; the wind line
(2) the torch not cut vertically or cut mouth has a problem, make the wind line corruptive, tilt.
4. Hang slag in the lower edge cutting sections or to remove produced hang slag.
(1) the lower edge of the hanging slag (see chart 9-23)
Phenomenon: in the bottom edge cutting section produced continuous hang slag.
Reason:
(1) too fast or slow cutting, the use of cut, too small, cutting mouth too low oxygen pressure;
(2) in the preheated flame superfluous, steel surface gas oxide skin rust or not clean;
(3) the mouth and workpiece cut between highly too big, preheat the flame is too strong.
(2) cut on the cross hung slag produced
Phenomenon: there in cutting section hung next half part, especially slag has hang slag.
Reason:
Alloy content is too high.
5. Crack
Phenomenon: in cutting section, or appear on crack in cutting is the internal appear near the cross section, or just in pulsing crack to crack is visible on the transverse.
Reason:
Carbon content or contain alloy composition is too high, adopt preheating cutting method, workpiece preheated temperature enough, workpiece cooling time too fast, material cold hardening.
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