【機(jī)械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對(duì)照文獻(xiàn)翻譯】渦旋壓縮機(jī)漸開線齒形的快速測量

【機(jī)械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對(duì)照文獻(xiàn)翻譯】渦旋壓縮機(jī)漸開線齒形的快速測量,機(jī)械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對(duì)照文獻(xiàn)翻譯,機(jī)械類,畢業(yè)論文,中英文,對(duì)照,對(duì)比,比照,文獻(xiàn),翻譯,渦旋,壓縮機(jī),漸開線,齒形,快速,測量,丈量 附錄1：外文翻譯渦旋壓縮機(jī)漸開線齒形的快速測量渦旋壓縮機(jī)廣泛應(yīng)用于空調(diào)、真空泵等。渦旋壓縮機(jī)齒形的快速測量對(duì)提高壓縮機(jī)的壓縮效率和降低噪聲具有重要意義。用紅寶石接觸探針測量齒廓。探頭沿著X軸以勻速直線滑動(dòng)。渦旋工件固定在精密旋轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)上。舞臺(tái)的旋轉(zhuǎn)速度與X軸移動(dòng)速度符合阿基米德曲線之間的關(guān)系。分析了快速測量系統(tǒng)的測量數(shù)據(jù)，通過補(bǔ)償回轉(zhuǎn)中心與工件中心坐標(biāo)之間的偏移量，消除了測量誤差。將測量結(jié)果與商業(yè)坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)（CMM）測量結(jié)果進(jìn)行了比較。利用研制的快速測量系統(tǒng)，在測量精度保持不變的情況下，利用CMM 10分鐘測量時(shí)間，將渦旋漸開線輪廓的測量時(shí)間縮短到153秒。關(guān)鍵詞：渦旋型線、誤差分離、漸開線齒廓，渦旋壓縮機(jī)，快速測量1引言渦旋壓縮機(jī)通過滾動(dòng)滾動(dòng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)來壓縮空氣。高氣壓的空氣通過軌道滾動(dòng)從放電口排出。渦旋壓縮機(jī)具有扭矩變化小、振動(dòng)小、噪聲小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。由于抽吸和排出口之間沒有直接的流體通路也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)高效率。（一）主要表現(xiàn)為兩種泄漏和傳動(dòng)原理兩卷軸。圖1（b）給出了包括內(nèi)漸開線輪廓、外漸開線輪廓和非漸開線齒廓在內(nèi)的齒廓測量。其中的泄漏是由這兩種渦旋葉片的側(cè)面之間的間隙引起的側(cè)漏。另一個(gè)是由端板和卷軸的渦旋葉片之間的間隙引起的葉尖泄漏。這些泄漏的增加能使制造精度?？焖贉y量高度和側(cè)面輪廓對(duì)減少制造誤差非常重要。傳統(tǒng)上，用坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)（CMM）測量渦旋齒廓，費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力。三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)的測量時(shí)間不能滿足在線加工測量要求 3 。本文研制了一種快速、準(zhǔn)確的內(nèi)、外漸開線渦旋型線輪廓測量系統(tǒng)。通過仿真分析測量誤差。將快速測量系統(tǒng)的測量結(jié)果與三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)的測量結(jié)果進(jìn)行了比較。經(jīng)驗(yàn)證，開發(fā)的快速測量系統(tǒng)能滿足要求的測量精度（3m）和測量時(shí)間（每件300秒/）。2、測量系統(tǒng)和測量方法圖2顯示固定滾動(dòng)平臺(tái)的開發(fā)的快速測量系統(tǒng)。測量系統(tǒng)由圖-階段和接觸式掃描探針。由于滾動(dòng)在線加工測量的空間非常有限，因此基于圓度測量系統(tǒng)開發(fā)了快速測量系統(tǒng)。測量系統(tǒng)的尺寸非常小。固定的卷軸用兩個(gè)錐形銷固定在旋轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)上。舞臺(tái)旋轉(zhuǎn)角度分辨率為0.0025度。這個(gè)x軸可以由精密控制板移動(dòng)。在測量渦旋型線時(shí)，采用PID控制器（4）控制旋轉(zhuǎn)軸的運(yùn)動(dòng)速度和轉(zhuǎn)速。因此，該測量系統(tǒng)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)精確定位。定位誤差小到可以忽略。每個(gè)編碼器的位置由每個(gè)編碼器測量，并通過多軸控制板進(jìn)入個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)。 考慮到切削油和切屑的影響，在研制的測量系統(tǒng)中采用了以球型紅寶石制成的接觸式位移探頭。在X軸端固定探頭用于掃描安裝在旋轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)上的側(cè)面漸開線齒形。 5 一個(gè)直徑為5毫米的紅寶石球附著在探測軸的末端。掃描探針球在XYZ方向上有三個(gè)刻度。x和y方向的輸出被用來測量漸開線輪廓，Z方向的輸出用來確定z軸的摩擦。探頭的電壓輸出通過A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器傳輸?shù)絺€(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)中 6, 7, 8 。的分辨率和探測范圍為0.1M和1毫米，分別。測量力約為0.12 N。根據(jù)所需的測量時(shí)間，旋轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)的轉(zhuǎn)速設(shè)定為20度/秒。滾動(dòng)半徑的增量可以用下面的等式來描述。R 1 R 2=一（21）/ 180（1）根據(jù)方程（1），可以計(jì)算X軸的運(yùn)動(dòng)速度。x軸運(yùn)動(dòng)速度為0.7923毫米/秒?；緢A的漸開線螺旋線可以用下面的方程來描述（2）。X=一 COS（+）+（+）（2）Y=一罪（+）COS（+）其中，一個(gè)是基圓半徑，是漸開線渦旋角，是出發(fā)點(diǎn)的角度為漸開線齒廓。渦旋極角與渦旋角的關(guān)系可用以下方程描述：（3）。=+（）（3）在那里，是每個(gè)測點(diǎn)和滾動(dòng)角是每個(gè)測點(diǎn)的極角。每個(gè)測量點(diǎn)的理論漸開線滾動(dòng)半徑可以用方程（2）和方程（3）。測量的滾動(dòng)半徑可以通過探頭編碼器和X軸編碼器輸出得到。輪廓誤差可以用下面的公式來描述（4）。rerror=RTHrmea（4）在那里，rerror是漸開線齒形誤差，在理論滾動(dòng)極半徑；rmea卷軸極半徑測量。同樣的滾動(dòng)樣品也被測量以比較由商業(yè)CMM，它安裝在一個(gè)溫度控制計(jì)量室。CMM的探測精度為0.6M.3、測量結(jié)果和誤差分析無誤差分離的測量結(jié)果利用研制的快速測量系統(tǒng)測量了固定渦卷的漸開線輪廓誤差。測量的結(jié)果在圖外輪廓測量的誤差范圍約為20米顯示測量誤差范圍內(nèi)的配置文件是40M.可以看出有非常大的快速測量系統(tǒng)的測量誤差。測量精度無法達(dá)到要求的測量精度（3m）。通過計(jì)算機(jī)模擬B.測量誤差分析測量誤差的原因進(jìn)行分析。有工件和旋轉(zhuǎn)舞臺(tái)的中心坐標(biāo)之間的偏移量。偏移值有顯著的效果的測量結(jié)果。接觸點(diǎn)的Y Y方向的偏移量是由接觸探頭和齒廓之間的摩擦引起的。Y對(duì)測量結(jié)果的影響也。確定坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)誤差的影響，模擬對(duì)偏移量的影響進(jìn)行了分析。圖4顯示仿真結(jié)果接觸點(diǎn)在固定渦卷偏移的情況下。水平軸和垂直軸表示固定滾動(dòng)顯示仿真波形誤差的旋轉(zhuǎn)角度。圖4（a）顯示的影響接觸點(diǎn)的Y方向的偏移量。在這里，Y的定義通過接觸測量點(diǎn)的Y方向的偏移量。計(jì)算輪廓誤差，whenconsidered y = 0.5毫米和1毫米?？梢钥闯觯谄拭娼Y(jié)果大影響Y。的影響變得更加顯著增加Y。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)所需的漸開線齒廓測量精度，它被證實(shí)，Y方向的偏移誤差必須從測量齒形誤差的消除。圖4（b）對(duì)工件和旋轉(zhuǎn)舞臺(tái)坐標(biāo)之間的偏移中心顯示的影響。測試中心坐標(biāo)偏移的影響，計(jì)算機(jī)模擬是基于理想的外部和內(nèi)部進(jìn)行involulte漸開線齒廓。在這里，xn和yn的中心定義的坐標(biāo)和工件旋轉(zhuǎn)階段之間的偏移量。如圖所示，xn和yn，即使中心坐標(biāo)的偏移很小，產(chǎn)生一個(gè)非常大的周期測量誤差的影響。圖3周期輪廓誤差是由于XnYN。有必要單獨(dú)的中心坐標(biāo)的偏移偏移精度要求在y方向?yàn)?。誤差分離后的測量結(jié)果圖3測量輪廓度誤差由中心坐標(biāo)和接觸點(diǎn)的Y方向的偏移量。接觸點(diǎn)的Y方向的偏移量可以通過編碼器的輸出測量探頭。探頭的y方向的輸出約為0.1mm。Y方向的偏移，使探頭的中心偏離X軸。探頭接觸點(diǎn)與x軸之間有傾斜角度。測量接觸點(diǎn)的實(shí)際渦旋極角可以通過方程（5）顯示出來。房=MEA+潭1（Y / R）（5）在那里，房是真正的卷軸極角的測量點(diǎn)。MEA是旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器的輸出階段。Y是探針的Y方向偏移。r是每個(gè)測量點(diǎn)的理論滾動(dòng)半徑。探頭中心的Y方向的偏移補(bǔ)償由方程（5）。為了獲得中心坐標(biāo)和工件測量系統(tǒng)偏移，測量輪廓度誤差，如圖3所示裝入圈由以下公式（6）。一個(gè)X+BY+C=（X2+Y 2）（6）在那里，一=2xc，B=2yc，C=XC2+YC2R 2。XC YC可以通過A和B的x和y的計(jì)算通過測量齒形誤差的計(jì)算。測量輪廓誤差如圖3所示為補(bǔ)償?shù)腦C，YC和Y.測量結(jié)果顯示在圖5。圖5（a）表示外輪廓誤差補(bǔ)償后。外部輪廓誤差約為5米圖（b）表示的內(nèi)輪廓誤差補(bǔ)償后。內(nèi)輪廓誤差大約6M.測量誤差快速測量系統(tǒng)基本滿足精度要求。為了測試快速測量系統(tǒng)的測量結(jié)果，在恒溫室中用商用坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)測量了固定渦旋的內(nèi)外輪廓誤差。分別從內(nèi)、外側(cè)面獲得約1560個(gè)測量點(diǎn)。內(nèi)、外輪廓測量時(shí)間約為20分鐘。由快速測量系統(tǒng)分別從內(nèi)、外輪廓測量得到約4090個(gè)測量點(diǎn)。用快速測量系統(tǒng)測量內(nèi)外輪廓約150秒。的內(nèi)外輪廓如圖6所示測量結(jié)果。從圖中可以看出，外輪廓和內(nèi)輪廓的快速測量系統(tǒng)的測量結(jié)果是相同的。三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)。但快速測量系統(tǒng)的測量時(shí)間比CMM的測量時(shí)間要短得多。渦旋工件的加工時(shí)間約為300秒 9 。快速測量系統(tǒng)能滿足在線加工測量要求。 5總論研制了一種基于精密三坐標(biāo)探頭的渦旋壓縮機(jī)快速測量系統(tǒng)。通過仿真分析了兩種補(bǔ)償方式的測量誤差?？焖贉y量系統(tǒng)的測量結(jié)果與三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)的測量結(jié)果相同，但快速測量系統(tǒng)的測量時(shí)間比三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)的測量時(shí)間短得多。所開發(fā)的快速測量系統(tǒng)能夠滿足渦旋壓縮機(jī)在線加工測量的要求。非漸開線齒形的快速測量是今后的工作方向。附錄2：外文原文Rapid Measurement of Involute Profiles for Scroll CompressorsJianhong. Yang*1, Y. Arai1, W. Gao11Nano-metrology and control laboratory, Department of Nanomechanics, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-01, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, JAPAN *e-mail: Jianhongnano.mech.tohoku.ac.jpScroll compressors are widely used in air conditioners, vacuum pumps and so on. Rapid measurement of flank profile of a scroll compressor is important to improve the compression efficiency and decrease noises. A contact probe made of ruby was used for measurement of flank profile. The probe was moved by a linear slide along the X axis at a constant speed. The scroll workpiece was fixed on a precision rotary stage. The relationship between the stage rotational speed and the X axis moving speed complies with the Archimedean curve. The measurement data of the rapid measurement system were analyzed and measurement errors were removed by compensation of the offset between the coordinates of the rotary stage center and those of workpiece center. The measurement results were compared with those measured by a commercial coordinate measuring machine (CMM). The measurement time for the involute profile of the scroll is shortened to 153 seconds by the developed rapid measurement system from the 10 minutes measurement time by the CMM while the measurement accuracy is kept the same.Keywords: scroll profile, error separation, involutes profile, scroll compressor, rapid measurement1. INTRODUCTIONSCROLL COMPRESSORS compress air by orbiting motions of scrolls. The air with a high pressure is taken out from a discharge opening by orbiting scroll. The scroll compressor has a lot of advantages, including small variations of torque, low vibrations and noises. High efficiency can also be achieved because there is no direct fluid path between the suction and the discharge opening 1, 2.Orbit scrollFlankleakageFixed scrollBottom(a)leakage40Inside voluteY/mmOutside voluteNon-involute200-20-40-40-20020X/mm40(b)Fig.1Leakages of scroll compressor and measurement profile67In order to further improve the efficiency of the scroll compressor, it is very important to reduce the leakages. Fig.1(a) shows mainly two kinds of leakages and gearing principle of the two scrolls. Fig.1 (b) shows flank profile measurement including the inside involute profile, the outside involute profile and the non-involute profile. One of the leakages is flank leakage caused by a gap between the flanks of the two scroll blades. The other is tip leakage caused by a gap between the end plate and the scroll blade of the scrolls. These leakages can be decreased by increasing manufacturing accuracy. Rapid measurements of height and flank profile are important to decrease manufacturing errors. Conventionally, scroll flank profiles were measured by coordinate measuring machine (CMM), which is very time-consuming and expensive. Measurement time of CMM for scroll profiles cannot meet the on-line machining measurement requirement 3. The paper develops a rapid and accuracy profile measurement system for inside and outside involute scroll profile. Measurement errors are analyzed by simulations. Measurement results of rapid measurement system are compared with those of the CMM. It is verified that the developed rapid measurement system can satisfy required measurement accuracy ( 3 m) and measurement time (300 seconds/per workpiece).2. MEASUREMENT SYSTEM AND MEASUREMENT METHODFig.2 shows a platform of the developed rapid measurement system for the fixed scroll. The measurement system consists of X-Z- stages and a contact type scanning probe. Because there is very limited room for the on-line machining measurement of the scroll, the rapid measurement system was developed based on roundness measurement system. The size of the measurement system is very small. The fixed scroll was fixed on a rotary stage by two taper pins. The rotational angle resolution of the stage is 0.0025 degrees. TheUnauthenticatedDownload Date | 4/8/18 1:01 PMMEASUREMENT SCIENCE REVIEW, Volume 9, No. 3, 2009X axis could be moved by a precision control board. When involute profiles for scroll were measured, the moving speed of X axis and rotational speed of the rotary stage were controlled by a PID controller 4. So the measurement system can realize precision positioning. The positioning error was small enough to be ignored. The positions of each stage were measured by each encoder and taken into a personal computer via multi axis control board.Z axisRotation stageY axisX axis axisFig.2Measurement system of scroll profileTaking into consideration the influence of cutting oil and chips, a contact-type displacement probe made of ruby in the form of a ball was employed in the developed measurement system. The probe fixed on the end of X axis was used for scanning the flank involute profile mounted on the rotary stage5. A ruby ball with a diameter of 5 mm was attached to the end of the probe axis. The scanning probe ball had three scales in the direction of XYZ. The outputs of the X and Y direction were used for measuring the involute profiles and the output of the Z direction was used for determining friction of the Z axis. The voltage outputs of the probe were transferred into a personal computer via an A/D converter 6, 7, 8. The resolution and measuring range of the probe were 0.1 m and 1 mm, respectively. Measuring force was about 0.12 N. According to the required measurement time, rotational speed of the rotary stage was set to 20 degrees/second. The increment of scroll radius can be described by the following equation.r1 r 2 = a ( 2 1) /180(1)From the equation (1), X axis moving speed can be calculated.X axis moving speed is set for 0.7923 mm/s.The involute spiral of base circle can be described by the following equation (2).x = acos( + ) + sin( + )(2)y = asin( + ) cos( + )Where, a is base circle radius, is involute scroll angle, is the angle of start point for involute profile. The relationship of scroll polar angle and scroll angle can be described by the following equation (3). = + tan()(3)Where, is scroll angle of each measurement point and is the polar angle of each measurement point. Theoretical involute scroll radius of each measurement point can be calculated byequation (2) and equation (3). Measurement scroll radius can be obtained by outputs of probe encoder and X axis encoder. Profile error can be described by the following equation (4).rerror = rth rmea(4)Where, rerror is involute profile error, rth is theoretical scroll polar radius; rmea is measurement scroll polar radius. The same scroll sample was also measured for comparison by a commercial CMM, which was installed in a temperature controlled metrology room. Probing accuracy of CMM was 0.6 m.3. MEASUREMENT RESULTS AND ERROR ANALYSISA. Measurement results without error separationThe involute profile errors of the fixed scroll were measured by developed rapid measurement system. Measurement results are shown in Fig.3 The measurement error range of the outside profile was about 20 m. The measurement error range of the inside profile was about 40m. It can be seen that there were very large measurement errors in the rapid measurement system. The measurement accuracy could not meet the required measurement accuracy (3 m).0.06outside profileerror/mm0.04inside profileProfile0.020-0.02-0.04-0.060200400600800Rotation angle/degreeFig.3Measurement result without error separationB.Measurement error analysis by computer simulationThe reasons for measurement error must be analyzed. There are the centre offset of coordinates between the workpiece and the rotary stage. The offset value had significant effect on measurement results. The Y-directional offset of contact point y was caused by the friction between the contact probe and the flank profile. y has significant influence on measurement results too.To confirm the influence of coordinate system error, simulations were carried out for analysis of the influence of the offset. Fig.4 shows the simulation results of contact point offset in the case of fixed scroll. The horizontal axis indicates rotational angle of fixed scroll and vertical axis shows simulation profile error. Fig.4 (a) shows the influence ofY-directional offset of the contact point. Here,y was definedby Y-directional offset displacement of the contact measurement point. Profile errors were calculated, when68UnauthenticatedDownload Date | 4/8/18 1:01 PMMEASUREMENT SCIENCE REVIEW, Volume 9, No. 3, 2009considered y=0.5 mm and 1 mm. It can be seen that y has large influence on the profile results. Influence becomes more significant with an increasing y. In order to achieve therequired measurement accuracy of involutes profile, it had been confirmed that Y-direction offset error must be removed from the measurement profile error. Fig.4 (b) shows influence of the centre offset of coordinates between the workpiece and the rotary stage. To test the influence of centre coordinate offset, computer simulations were conducted based on the ideal outside involulte and inside involute profile. Here, xn and yn are defined by the centre coordinate offset between the workpiece and the rotary stage. As can be seen in the figure, xn and yn generate a very large periodic measurement error influence even if the centre coordinate offset is very small. The periodic profile error of Fig.3 was caused by xn andyn. It isnecessary toseparate the centre coordinate offsetand y-direction offset under the requiredaccuracy order.error/mm0-0.1Simulationy=1.0mm-0.2-0.3y=0.5mm0200400600800Rotation angle/degreeerror/mm(a) Y-direction offsetx0=5m,y0=5m0.01x1=10m,y1=10mSimulation0.0050-0.005-0.01-0.0150200400600800Rotation angle/degree(b) Xn and yn offsetFig.4Simulation analysis of impacting measurement result4. MEASUREMENT RESULTS AND COMPARISON WITH CMMWhere, real is the real scroll polar angle of measurement point. mea is the outputs of rotary stage encoder. The y is the Y-directional offset of probe. The r is the theoretical scroll radius of every measurement point. The Y-directional offset of probe centre is compensated by the equation (5).In order to obtain the centre coordinate offset of workpiece and measurement system, measurement profile error that is shown in Fig.3 is fitted into circle by the following equation (6).a x + b y + c = (x2 + y 2 )(6)Where, a = 2xc ， b = 2yc ， c = xc2 + yc2 r 2 .xc and yc can be calculated by a and b. x and y are calculated by measurement profile error. Measurement profile error thatis shown in Fig.3 was compensated by xc, yc and y.Measurement results are shown in Fig.5. Fig.5 (a) represents the outside profile error after compensation. The outside profile error is about 5 m. Fig.5 (b) represents the inside profile error after compensation. Inside profile error is about6 m. Measurement error of rapid measurement system basically meets the required accuracy. m105error/0Profile-5-100200400600-200Rotation angle/degreem10(a) Outside profile error5error/0Profile-5-100200400600-200Rotation angle/degree(b) Inside profile errorFig.5Measurement result after error separationB.Measurement result compared with that of the CMMAFTER ERROR SEPARATIONA.Measurement results after error separationThe measurement profile error of Fig.3 consists of centre coordinate offset and Y-directional offset of contact point. The Y-directional offset of contact point can be measured by the outputs of the probe encoder. The Y-directional outputs of the probe are about 0.1mm. The Y-directional offsets make probe centre deviate from the X axis. There are leaning angles between probe contact point and X axis. The actual scroll polar angle of the measurement contact point can be showed by the equation (5).real = mea + tan1 (y / r)(5)69In order to test the measurement result of the rapid measurement system, the outside and inside profile errors for the fixed scroll were measured by a commercial CMM in constant temperature room. About 1560 measurement points were obtained from the inside and outside profiles respectively. The measurement time was about 20 minutes for the inside and outside profile. About 4090 measurement points were obtained from the inside and the outside profiles respectively by the rapid measurement system. The measurement time was about 150 seconds for the inside and outside profile by the rapid measurement system. The measurement results of the outside and inside profile are shown in Fig.6. As can be seen in the figure, the measurement results of rapid measurement system for the outside and inside profile were the same asUnauthenticatedDownload Date | 4/8/18 1:01 PMthose of the CMM. But the measurement time of the rapid measurement system was much shorter than that of the CMM. The machining time for a scroll workpiece was about 300 seconds 9. The rapid measurement system can meet the on -line machining measurement requirement.ProfileProfileerror:error:20m mProtypeY/mm40TheoreticalCMM200-20-40-40-2002040X/mmFig.6Measurement results for involutes profile of scroll5. CONCLUSIONSA rapid measurement system for scroll compressors has been developed based on a precision three-coordinate probe. The measurement errors of two kinds of offsets were analyzed by simulations. The measurement results of the rapid measurement system were the same as those of the CMM, but the measurement time of rapid measurement system was much shorter than that of the CMM. The developed rapid measurement system can meet the on-line machining measurement requirement of scroll compressors. The rapid measurement of non - involute profile is the future work.MEASUREMENT SCIENCE REVIEW, Volume 9, No. 3, 2009