（備考2020）中考英語(yǔ)真題分類匯編 專題十 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（含解析）

專題十 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（ ）1.（2019吉林）15.We always our classroom every Friday afternoon.A. clean upB. put upC. use up【答案】A【解析】句意“每個(gè)周五的下午我們經(jīng)常打掃我們的教室”。A.打掃；B.張貼、舉起、搭建、留宿；C.用光。根據(jù)句意可知，表示“打掃教室”，故選A。與up有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：bring up教育，培養(yǎng)cheer up使開(kāi)心clean up打掃drink up喝光eat up吃光end up結(jié)束fix up修理，修補(bǔ)hang up掛斷電話hurry up趕快get up起床give up放棄grow up成長(zhǎng)，長(zhǎng)大look up查閱，向上看make up組成mix up把混合到一起open up打開(kāi)pick up撿起put up張貼，建造，舉起ring up打電話set up搭建，建立show up出現(xiàn)take up開(kāi)始從事think up想出come up with想出，提出make up ones mind下決心（ ）2.(2019遼寧省鐵嶺)10.My cousin volunteers in the Children's Home.His job is to food and clothes.A. sell outB. work outC. hand outD. find out【答案】C【解析】句意：我表哥在“兒童之家”當(dāng)義工。他的工作是分發(fā)食物和衣服?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A. 賣光；B. 想出；C. 發(fā)放；D. 發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)My cousin volunteers in the Children's Home.可知hand out food and clothes符合句意，故選C。（ ）3.(2019遼寧省鐵嶺)4.The cover of the book comfortable.It's made of silk.A. tastesB. feelsC. looksD. sounds【答案】B【解析】句意：這本書(shū)的封面摸起來(lái)很舒服。它是絲綢做的?？疾橄祫?dòng)詞辨析。A. 嘗起來(lái)，表味覺(jué)；B. 感覺(jué)，表觸覺(jué)；C. 看起來(lái)，表視覺(jué)；D. 聽(tīng)起來(lái)，表聽(tīng)覺(jué)。comfortable舒服的，根據(jù)It's made of silk.可知ACD三項(xiàng)意思都不合句意，故選B。（ ）4.(2019遼寧省葫蘆島市)13Every evening my father _ newspapers while my mother watches TVAputs up Blooks for Cgives away Dlooks through【答案】D【解答】根據(jù)句意：每天晚上我爸爸看報(bào)紙，我媽媽看電視.結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，A.舉起B(yǎng).尋找C.分發(fā)D.瀏覽，選項(xiàng)D符合題意.故選：D.（ ）5.(2019遼寧省葫蘆島市)5New energy cars have been _ to cut down air pollutionAdiscovered Bfound Cinvented Drefused【答案】C【解析】四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是過(guò)去分詞，該句用的是現(xiàn)在完成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，即have been done.A表示發(fā)現(xiàn)，B表示找到，C表示發(fā)明，D表示拒絕.根據(jù)題干可知為了減少空氣污染，發(fā)明了新能源汽車.故選：C.（ ）6.(2019河北)31. On the first day of Chinese New Year, we_ new clothes and visit people.A. pick up                  B. put on                    C. take off                 D. throw away【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境翻譯為“中國(guó)新年的第一天，我們穿上新衣服然后走親訪友”。A、C、D分別為撿起、脫下；起飛、扔掉，不符合題意，故選B.（ ）7.(2019河南)You cant change who you are by reading a book or change the way you act by watching a video. What_is what you do, not what you know.A. includesB.decidesC.meansD. matters【答案】D【解析】句意:讀書(shū)不能改變你是誰(shuí)，看視頻也不能改變你的行為舉止。重要的是你做了什么,而不是你知道什么。A:include“包括” ；B: decide“決定”；C： mean“打算”；D： matter"有關(guān)系；要緊”，故選D。（ ）8.(2019河南)I asked my father tomeat the school gate at 6:30 so that we could visit Grandma together.A. pick; upB. turn;downC.let; downD. cheer; up【答案】A【解析】句意:我讓我的父親6:30在校門口接我，以便我們一起去看望祖母。A：pick叩“撿起;接某人” ；B：tum down"（音量）調(diào)小;拒絕” ;C：let down"失望” ；D：cheer up“振作”，故選A。（ ）9.(2019內(nèi)蒙古包頭市)28. Stephen Hawking has _great success as a scientist. A. allowed B. achieved C. practiced D. promised 【答案】B【解析】A表示允許，B表示實(shí)現(xiàn)、取得，C表示練習(xí)，D表示承諾、允諾.根據(jù)題干可知作為一名科學(xué)家，斯蒂芬霍金取得了巨大的成功.故選：B.（ ）10.（2019甘肅武威）Dont forget to_the lights when they are not in use!A. turn over B.turn off C.turn up D.turn on【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)句意：別忘了把不用的燈關(guān)掉！考查forget to do sth忘記要去做某事，A翻閱B關(guān)掉C調(diào)大 D打開(kāi)，選項(xiàng)B符合題意故選：B（ ）11.(2019內(nèi)蒙古包頭市)29. Everything from how we cook meat to what we eat for dinner can _our brain health. A. take pride in B. have an interest in C. play a role in D. believe in 【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)句意：從我們?nèi)绾闻腼內(nèi)忸惖酵聿统允裁矗磺卸紝?duì)我們的大腦健康起作用.結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，A.以為自豪B.對(duì).有興趣C.起作用于D.相信，選項(xiàng)C符合題意.故選：C.（ ）12.（2019重慶A卷）26. Next week, each student in the class _ a small gift from their teachers.A. receivesB. receivedC. will receiveD. has received【答案】C【解析】由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“ Next week”可推知，此處要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。C（ ）13.(2019湘潭)15My English teacher took a photo of me while I_at the sports meetingArun Bwas running Cran【答案】B【解析】whlie 當(dāng)時(shí)候，本句話的意思當(dāng)我正在跑步時(shí)，老師拍了照片，是進(jìn)行時(shí)形式，又因?yàn)閠ook是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)故選：B（ ）14.(2019內(nèi)蒙古包頭市)33. Why did you leave that position? I _a better position in another factory.A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)問(wèn)句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)故回答用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)回答，又知主語(yǔ)l是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞offer的承受者二者形成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故確定為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故答語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為was/were+過(guò)去分詞，故填入was offered.（ ）15.（2019福建）1.There a large bowl of jiaozi on the table.A. isB. areC. be【答案】A【解析】句意“在桌子上有一大碗餃子”。there be句型遵循“就近一致”原則，即be動(dòng)詞與空后最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。根據(jù)空后a large bowl“一大碗”可知，用單數(shù)is，故選A。（ ）16.(2019 山西)23. Parents should let children home and find more about the world.After all, birds should fly freely in the sky.A. leaveB. enterC. reach【答案】A【解析】句意：父母應(yīng)該讓孩子離開(kāi)家去發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的世界。畢竟，小鳥(niǎo)應(yīng)該在天空中自由地飛翔。（ ）17.(2019天津)20We should making a noise in the libraryAavoidBpreferCpractiseDenjoy【答案】A【解析】在圖書(shū)館我們應(yīng)該避免制造噪音考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析，根據(jù)題目意思，在圖書(shū)館我們應(yīng)該避免制造噪音需要填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，與后文的making a noise相匹配，意思是"避免制造噪音"，用avoid doing sth表示"避免做某事"，即，avoid making a noise故選：A（ ）18.(2019 山西)27. Fighting for your dream is like climbing a mountain. Whatever difficulties you meet, dont . Just move on.A. set offB. come outC. give up【答案】C【解析】句意：為你的夢(mèng)想奮斗就像登一座山，不管遇到什么樣的困難，不要放棄，一直前進(jìn)。（ ）19.(2019 山西)29. After the big exams, we can finally have a good relax. How I a chance to have a chance to have a trip! I cant wait.A.am worried aboutB. am thirsty forC. am good at【答案】B【解析】句意：這場(chǎng)大考試之后，我們終于可以好好休息一下了。我多渴望有一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)去有一次旅途，我等不及了。（ ）20. (2019內(nèi)蒙古包頭市)23. He rides a bike to work every day in order to keep in _. A. support B. service C. surface D. shape【答案】D【解析】support支持；service服務(wù)；surface表面；shape形狀，keep in shape保持體形，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知每天騎車上班應(yīng)該是為了保持身材.故選：D.（ ）21.(2019山東菏澤)7.Lucy, when you leave the room, please _the light. OK, Mom.A. put offB. turn offC. turn up【答案】B【解析】句意：-Lucy，當(dāng)你離開(kāi)房間的時(shí)候，請(qǐng)關(guān)上燈。-好的，媽媽。put off推遲； turn off關(guān)掉； turn up出現(xiàn)；開(kāi)大。根據(jù)句意when you leave the room, pleasethe light可知，turn off符合語(yǔ)境，故選：B。（ ）22. (2019山東臨沂) Roy works in London. It_ him about half an hour to get to work by bus every day.A costs B. spends C. takes【答案】C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：羅伊在倫敦工作。他每天乘公共汽車去上班大約需要半個(gè)小時(shí)。此處是句類型：It takes time to do sth. 的搭配。故選C。（ ）23.(2019山東臨沂)Cathy sold some of her things in a yard sale and_ the money to a children's home.A. gave away B. gave up c. gave out【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：凱茜在一次庭院拍賣會(huì)上賣掉了她的一些東西，把錢捐給了一個(gè)兒童之家。give away捐贈(zèng)；give up放棄；give out分發(fā)。根據(jù)句意“賣掉東西”和“兒童之家”可知是“捐贈(zèng)”。故選A。（ ）24.(2019揚(yáng)州)12. Honey, come and help me _ the picture of balloons from the magazine. OK, Granny. Im coming. A. carry out B. work out C. cut out D. hand out【答案】C【解析】carry out 執(zhí)行；work out計(jì)算出，解決；cut out剪出；hand out分發(fā)（ ）25.（2019福建）9.My deskmate and I are going to a talk show at the party to celebrate the 70th birthday of our motherland.A. hand inB. put onC. take out【答案】B【解析】句意“我和我的同桌打算在派對(duì)上表演一個(gè)脫口秀來(lái)慶祝我們祖國(guó)70歲生日”。A.上交；B.表演、增重、穿上；C.取出。根據(jù)句意可知，表示在派對(duì)上表演脫口秀，故選B。（ ）26.(2019天津)28If you want to join the Music Club the form， pleaseAgo outBfill outCget upDwarm up【答案】B【解析】如果你想要加入音樂(lè)俱樂(lè)部，請(qǐng)?zhí)詈帽砀窨疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，根據(jù)題目意思，如果你想要加入音樂(lè)俱樂(lè)部，請(qǐng)?zhí)詈帽砀裥枰钊胍粋€(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，表示"填入"，用fill out故選：B（ ）27.(2019廣西貴港)19Joe， don't eat too much icecreamOK， momBut it really goodAfeelsBlooksCtastesDsounds【答案】C【解析】feel 感覺(jué)起來(lái)；look 看起來(lái)；taste 嘗起來(lái)；sound 聽(tīng)起來(lái)；四個(gè)詞都是感官動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句子里don't eat too much icecream，不要吃太多冰淇淋可知冰淇淋是好吃的，用感官動(dòng)詞taste故選：C（ ）28.(2019江蘇南京)10Read the sentence "I can tell her anything because she can keep a secret"The underlined word"because" is used to _Aconnect ideasBcreate new wordsCshow timeDgive examples【答案】A【解析】讀這個(gè)句子"我什么都能告訴她因?yàn)樗鼙Ｊ孛孛?quot;下劃線的單詞"因?yàn)?quot;用于"連接想法"connect ideas"連接想法"；create new words"創(chuàng)建新詞"；show time"表演時(shí)間"；give examples"舉例子"，四者都是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)由題干"讀這個(gè)句子"我什么都能告訴她因?yàn)樗鼙Ｊ孛孛?quot;下劃線的單詞"因?yàn)?quot;用于"連接想法""可知，空格是"連接想法"，用connect ideas，因此答案應(yīng)是connect ideas故選：A（ ）29.(2019江蘇南京)12Tina comes to China in order to experience Chinese culture and _which university is the best for her to attendAput outBstay outCfind outDrun out【答案】C【解析】蒂娜來(lái)中國(guó)是為了體驗(yàn)中國(guó)文化，找出哪所大學(xué)最適合她put out撲滅，stay out留在戶外，find out發(fā)現(xiàn)，找出，run out用光，根據(jù)句意"蒂娜來(lái)中國(guó)是為了體驗(yàn)中國(guó)文化，找出哪所大學(xué)最適合她"可知，要用"找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)"，其它選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)意不通故選：C（ ）30.(2019 福建)My deskmate and I are going to a talk show at the party to celebrate the 70th birthday of our motherland.A. hand inB. put onC. take out【答案】B考查動(dòng)詞詞組的詞意辨析：hand in 上交；put on 上演，穿上，增重；take out 帶出去。題意為 “我的同桌和我打算上演一個(gè)談話節(jié)目來(lái)慶祝祖國(guó)的 70 周年誕辰”，故選 B。（ ）31.（2019四川達(dá)州）8.Where will the 2022 Winter Olympics_，Cindy？In Beijing， the capital of China，the first city to host both Summer and Winter OlympicsA. be taken place B. take place C. take part D. be taken part【答案】B【解析】句意：2022年冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)將在哪里舉行,辛迪?北京，中國(guó)的首都，第一個(gè)同時(shí)舉辦夏季和冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)的城市?？疾閯?dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)辨析。take part in參加；take place舉行/發(fā)生，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意語(yǔ)境，可知take place符合句意，需用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義，故選：B。（ ）32.（2019四川達(dá)州）9.Can I_ Robinson Crusoe？ Mrs ZhaoSure， it's very interesting， but you can only _it for two weeksA. borrow； lend B. lend；borrow C. borrow；keep D. lend；keep【答案】C【解析】句意：我可以借魯賓遜漂流記嗎?當(dāng)然，它很有趣，但是你只能借兩個(gè)星期。考查動(dòng)詞辨析。borrow借入，短暫性動(dòng)詞；lend借出，短暫性動(dòng)詞；keep保持，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)保管，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Can I borrow Robinson Crusoe？強(qiáng)調(diào)借入，所以前句用borrow；后句句中for two weeks是一段持續(xù)的時(shí)間，第二個(gè)空需用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞keep故選：C。（ ）33.(2019湖南湘西州)27. 一Tony，it's cold outside. your coat when you go out.一All right，Mom.A.Put up B.Put off C.Put on【答案】C【解析】-Tony，外面很冷出去的時(shí)候穿上你的外套-好的，媽媽put up搭建；建起； put off推遲； put on穿上結(jié)合語(yǔ)境：-Tony，外面很冷出去的時(shí)候穿上你的外套put on符合語(yǔ)境故選：C（ ）34.(2019內(nèi)蒙古)9. I really need to take more exercise because Im _weight.A. putting down B. putting on C. putting off D. putting away【答案】B【解析】我真的需要多鍛煉因?yàn)槲议L(zhǎng)胖了put off"推遲"；put on"穿上；增加"；put down"放下"；put away"放好"根據(jù)need to take more exercise 可知，因?yàn)槲殷w重增加，所以需要減肥，故選：B（ ）35.(2019哈爾濱市)9.Some students don t know how to _ worries.They can ask their teachers and parents for help。A belong toB. deal withC. call in【答案】B【解析】結(jié)合答語(yǔ)可推知，此處指一些學(xué)生不知道怎樣處理焦慮。belong to意為“屬于”，deal with意為“處理”，call in意為“來(lái)訪”。（ ）36.(2019內(nèi)蒙古)3. Jack, lets have a picnic after school. Sorry. I have _Frank to work on the biology report with him.A. Advise B. expected C. suggested D. promised 【答案】D【解析】-杰克，放學(xué)后我們?nèi)ヒ安桶?抱歉我答應(yīng)弗萊克和他一起做生物學(xué)報(bào)告A表示建議，B表示期待、盼望，C表示建議，D表示承諾、允諾根據(jù)題干中Sorry可知杰克不能放學(xué)后去野餐，因?yàn)樗兄Z弗萊克和他一起去做生物學(xué)報(bào)告，其中promise sb to do sth表示承諾某人做某事故選：D（ ）37.(2019廣西貴港)25The oil on the earth will one dayI think so We should make good use of itAfind outBwork outCgive outDrun out【答案】D【解析】find out查明，work out計(jì)算出，give out分發(fā)，run out耗盡；根據(jù)句意"地球上的石油總有一天會(huì)耗盡的"可知，要填"耗盡"，其它選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)意不通故選：D（ ）38.(2019廣西貴港)26I heard that Paul hurt himself badly in the earthquakeYesThe doctor had to his right leg to save himAcut upBcut outCcut offDcut down【答案】C【解析】cut up切碎，cut out停止，裁剪，cut off切除，cut down砍到；根據(jù)句意"是的，醫(yī)生不得不切掉他的右腿來(lái)救他"可知，要填"切除"，其它選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)意不通故選：C（ ）39.(2019廣西河池)28Zhang Lan usually looks after her little brother at home when her mother is awayAlooks up Blooks out Clooks over Dtakes care of【答案】D【解析】句意：媽媽不在家時(shí)，張?zhí)m通常在家照看她的小弟弟look up查詢；向上看；look out小心；look over仔細(xì)檢查；take care of照顧look after意為照顧；與take care of意思相同故選：D（ ）40.(2019湖南岳陽(yáng))The volunteers_the sick kids in the hospital on weekends Alook after Blook for Clook through【答案】A【解析】look after照顧； look for尋找； look through瀏覽；溫習(xí)結(jié)合語(yǔ)境：志愿者們周末在醫(yī)院照顧生病的孩子look after符合語(yǔ)境故選：A（ ）41.(2019遼寧沈陽(yáng))5.Last week，some students an English play at Rosie Bridge School.A. put outB. put awayC. put onD. put up【答案】C【解析】句意：上周，一些學(xué)生在羅西布里奇學(xué)校上演了一出英語(yǔ)劇。考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。put out熄滅； put away放好，把收起來(lái)；put on穿上，上演；put up舉起，粘貼。an English play英語(yǔ)劇，根據(jù)句意語(yǔ)境，可知ABD三項(xiàng)意思都不合句意，故選C。（ ）42.(2019遼寧沈陽(yáng))7.A hanfu show in Museum of History next week.A. is heldB. was heldC. will be heldD. has been held【答案】C【解析】句意：漢服表演下周將在歷史博物館舉行。考查動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)辨析。next week下周，用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)；show是動(dòng)詞hold（舉行）的受動(dòng)者，需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，可排除ABD三項(xiàng)。根據(jù)句意結(jié)構(gòu)，可知選C。（ ）43.(2019湖南岳陽(yáng))It's reported that NotreDame de Paris（巴黎圣母院）_in April 2019 Awas burntBis burntCbe burnt【答案】A【解析】主語(yǔ) NotreDame de Paris和謂語(yǔ)"燒毀"是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，再根據(jù)句意"據(jù)報(bào)道巴黎圣母院于2019年4月被燒毀"可知，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為was/ were done故選：A（ ）44. (2019山東臨沂)I'm getting hungry. Do you know where we can get some good food?Of course! There_ a restaurant around the corner.A. will be B. was C. is【答案】C【解析】考查there be句型。句意：我餓了。你知道我們?cè)谀睦锟梢再I到好食物嗎?當(dāng)然有!拐角處有一家餐館。 根據(jù)句意可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，be動(dòng)詞與后面相鄰的主語(yǔ)保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致，本句主語(yǔ)為a restaurant，為單數(shù)，故選C。（ ）45.（2019甘肅武威）14. A baby's first month birthday is a special event in China and_with a special Party.A. celebrates B .is celebrated C. was celebrated  D.will celebrate【答案】B【解析】主語(yǔ)A baby's first month birthday和動(dòng)詞"慶祝"是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，再根據(jù)句意"嬰兒的滿月在中國(guó)是一項(xiàng)特別事情，并且有一個(gè)特別的聚會(huì)來(lái)慶祝"可知，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為am/ is/ are done，其它選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)法故選：B（ ）46.（2019福建）12.- Look! My mother a new dress for me.- Wow, it looks very nice on you.A. is makingB. has madeC. will make【答案】B【解析】句意“-看！我的媽媽已經(jīng)為我做了一件裙子。-你穿起來(lái)很好看”。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。A.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；B.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；C.一般將來(lái)時(shí)。根據(jù)it looks very nice on you可知，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，即媽媽過(guò)去為我做裙子，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是“現(xiàn)在你穿起來(lái)很好看”，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。（ ）47.(2019遼寧省鐵嶺)8.Rainy days make me relaxed.I love drinking tea while it .A. was rainingB. is rainingC. has rainedD. rained【答案】B【解析】句意：雨天使我放松。我喜歡在下雨的時(shí)候喝茶。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)辨析。while當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，表示主從動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，多用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，可排除CD兩項(xiàng)。主句love drinking tea是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句不可用過(guò)去時(shí)，可排除A項(xiàng)。根據(jù)句意結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)境，可知選B。（ ）48.(2019遼寧省鐵嶺)13.The Chinese traditional poems to spread by popular singers.A. is singingB. are singingC. is sungD. are sung【答案】D【解析】句意：中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)詩(shī)歌是由流行歌手傳唱的?？疾閯?dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)辨析。主語(yǔ)The Chinese traditional poems是復(fù)數(shù)人稱，是動(dòng)詞sing（唱）的受動(dòng)者，需用“are sung”被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，故選D。14