2019中考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 題型突破一 閱讀理解真題剖析（五四制）

五四真題剖析(一)選擇型閱讀理解A(2018·山東威海中考)Amanda Kitts is one of “tomorrow's people”people who have artificial(人工的) body parts. She has a bionic(電子操控的) arm.Now, Kitts runs a day­care center. Children run up to her happily as she comes into the classroom. She bends over to talk with a small girl. As she bends, Kitts puts her hands on her knees. For most people, this would be easy. However, just a few years ago, this was impossible for Kitts.In 2006, Kitts was in a car accident. A truck crushed(擠壞) her left arm and the doctor had to cut it off. “I was angry, sad, depressed. I just couldn't accept it，” she says. But then she heard about a new technique that could use the remaining nerves(神經(jīng)) in her shoulder to control an artificial arm.In a difficult operation, a doctor moved Kitts's nerves to different areas of her upper­arm muscles. For months, the nerves grew. Millimeter by millimeter, they moved deeper into their new homes. “At three months I started feeling little tingles and twitches(刺痛和抽搐)，”she said. A month later, she got her first bionic arm. A research engineer worked with Kitts to make the computer programs match her real movements more and more closely.Today, Kitts's arm is great, but it's not yet perfect. She wants feeling in her hands. For example, she needs to feel whether something is rough or smooth. She also needs feeling to do one of her favorite thingsdrink coffee. “The problem with a paper coffee cup is that my hand will close until it gets a solid grip，” she says. One time at a coffee shop, her hand kept closing until it crushed the cup. But Kitts says positively, “ One day I'll be able to feel things with it. and clap my hands. to the songs my kids are singing.”1What is the difference between Kitts and normal people?AShe has a bionic arm.BShe can bend.CShe can put her hands on her knees.2Kitts got her first bionic arm after the difficult operation.Aalmost three months Bover one month Cmore than four months3Kitts is able to with her bionic hand.Aclap her hands Bhold thingsCfeel rough or smooth things4Kitts's attitude toward her new arm is Apositive Bangry Cperfect5Choose the right order of the events.Kitts heard about a new technique.Kitts crushed a paper coffee cup.Kitts had two human arms.A truck hit Kitts's car.Kitts got her first bionic arm.Doctors moved some of the nerves in Kitts's arm.A B C【答案及解析】 1A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段可知Kitts有一個(gè)電子操控的手臂，故選A。2C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“At three months I started feeling little tingles and twitches.”和“A month later, she got her first bionic arm.”可以推斷出是四個(gè)多月以后她獲得了電子手臂，故選C。3B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段最后一句可知“feel things”與“clap hands”是她希望以后可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的，故現(xiàn)在她不可以做這些事，故選B。4A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段可以看出盡管Kitts的胳膊不完美，但她仍然對未來充滿希望，她希望自己將能夠感受事物以及鼓掌等，故她對于自己的“新手”的態(tài)度是樂觀的。5C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀全文可知，Kitts一開始和正常人一樣，擁有一對人類的手臂；后來發(fā)生了交通事故；Kitts聽說了一種新科技；她決定做手術(shù)，醫(yī)生把她的神經(jīng)移植到她的手臂不同的區(qū)域；她得到了她的第一個(gè)由電子操控的手臂；她的“新手臂”擠壞了紙杯。故選C。B(2018·山東煙臺(tái)中考)On sale!Girl's Purple TentIt has light weight and is easy to fit together and take down.There are small holes in the windows. These holes let the air in and keep the bugs out.Price：30(66)For more interesting thingsTel: 768­3647Peng Lai Chun RestaurantYuxi RoadA Chinese restaurant. Delicious and great value！You can get a starter, a main course and a drink only for ￥18! Book early because it gets busy! Wednesday: Kids under 8 half price.Tel: 623­2972Bookshop assistantDicken's BooksLincoln RoadMondayFriday, plus one Saturday per month8 am.4 pm.8 per hourTelephone 879­6634 and speak to the shop manager.John HunterSummer Fashion ShowGolden Shopping Plaza2：00 pm.SaturdayMen's and women's swimwear and summer wear.See 26 pretty and cool models in the latest fashions. All clothing on sale after the show for under $60. For more information：goldenplaza1.What can we know about the tent?AIt's pink.BIt's for boys.CIt's easy to fit together and take down.2Why is it of great value to eat at Peng Lai Chun Restaurant?ABecause the food there is cheap and delicious.BBecause it is very busy.CBecause all kids can eat at half price on Wednesdays there.3If Susan wants to work as an assistant at Dicken's Books, she Ashould call John Hunter at 768­3647Bcan earn at most 384 a weekCA and B4We can't in Golden Shopping Plaza.Abuy the clothing on sale for under $60 before the showBsee women's swimwear or summer wearCsee 26 pretty and cool models in the latest fashions5According to the information above, which of the following is NOT true?AThe assistant at Dicken's Books has to work for 8 hours a day.BThe holes in the windows of the tent can let the air and bugs in.CThe Summer Fashion Show starts at 2：00 in the afternoon on Saturday.【答案及解析】 1C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)帳篷廣告信息中第一句可知C項(xiàng)正確。2A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)餐館廣告信息中“Delicious and great value！You can get a starter, a main course and a drink only for ￥18！”可知A正確。3B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 A選項(xiàng)電話號碼錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)招聘廣告中的信息可知，一周工作6天，每天8小時(shí)，每小時(shí)8英鎊，故最多掙6×8×8384英鎊，故B正確。4A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)時(shí)裝秀廣告中“All clothing on sale after the show for under $60.”可知選A。5B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)招聘廣告中“8 am.4 pm.”可知工作時(shí)間為8小時(shí)，A正確；根據(jù)時(shí)裝秀廣告中“2：00 pm. Saturday”可知C正確；根據(jù)帳篷廣告信息中“These holes let the air in and keep the bugs out.”可知B項(xiàng)說法錯(cuò)誤。C(2018·山東萊蕪中考)One sunny Monday, I decided to go for a walk with my husband. I was wearing a special diamond(鉆石) ring that day. It was my 20th birthday gift from my grandmother. As we were walking in the park, I unintentionally looked down at my hand and found the diamond on my ring was missing. I was really worried, so I went back to look for it. I knew how small the chances were of finding it, but I still wanted to give it a try.As I was fixing my eyes on the ground, I ran into an old gentleman by accident. “What's wrong, love？”he asked nicely. “Sorry that I ran into you，” I said. “But I lost something. I'm really worried.” I explained about the missing diamond and showed him the hole in my ring. “That's not going to be easy to find it，” he said. “Tell you what, love, I take a walk here every day. I'll keep my eyes open for it.” I thanked him, expecting nothing.A few days later, my husband and I met the old man again in the park. “Guess what，” he said. “I found your diamond！” I couldn't believe what I saw when the gentleman handed the diamond back to me. Then my husband offered him money for his help, but he refused.The old man could have easily kept the diamond or sold it, as it's worth several thousand dollars. But he didn't. All I have to do is to look at my ring and remind myself that there are still kind and generous souls out there. Now thanks to this man, I'll spend more time trying to do something nice for other people.1The relationship between the lady and the old gentleman is AHusband and wife BFather and daughterCOwner and thief DStrangers2The underlined word“unintentionally” in Paragraph 2 probably means A有意地 B無意間 C故意地 D不小心3After the gentleman found the diamond, he Acalled 911 to look for the ladyBsold the diamond for a lot of moneyCkept the diamond to himselfDreturned it when he met the lady4According to the passage, we can know the following EXCEPT Athe diamond ring is a special gift for the ladyBthe lady lost her ring while she was walkingCshe knew it was difficult for her to find the diamondDshe was surprised when the gentleman handed the diamond back to her5The main idea of the story is “ ”AAlways trust people who offer helpBStrangers can be very nice sometimesCKeep an eye on your own thingsDKeep your eyes on the road when you walk on the street【答案及解析】 1D推理判斷題。由文章中第三段第一句和第四段倒數(shù)第一句可推測文中女士和老先生的關(guān)系應(yīng)該是陌生人。故選D。2B詞義猜測題。由第二段第一句可知，作者和丈夫在公園散步的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)戒指上鉆石丟失了，故應(yīng)是無意之中發(fā)現(xiàn)的，故選B。3D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 由第四段第一二句可知老先生找到了戒指，當(dāng)遇到作者時(shí)把戒指歸還給了作者，故選D。4B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第一句可知A項(xiàng)正確；由第二段最后一句可知C項(xiàng)正確；由第四段第二句可知D項(xiàng)正確。故選B。5A主旨大意題。本文主要講述了一位陌生人將作者丟失的鉆石歸還給了她的故事，故A項(xiàng)與文章的主旨最接近。(二)判斷正誤型閱讀理解(2018·山東威海中考)閱讀C篇，判斷正(A)誤(B)。A表示正確，B表示錯(cuò)誤。Bangladesh(孟加拉) is an agricultural country between India and Burma. Storms from the Indian Ocean sweep across the country every year, and large areas of farming land are flooded(沖毀). The people are very poor.Fewer than half of the country's children complete their primary education. When they are six or seven years old, many children leave school to work in the fields or at home. The rest of their “education” consists of looking after cattle, collecting firewood or doing household jobs.Not long ago, an experimental school was opened near the capital, Dacca, to help poor children. There are only 120 children in the school, which has three classrooms. In each class, forty pupils are divided into four groups of ten. Each pupil is free to decide which group he or she wants to join.The most able pupils do a great deal of the teaching. They act as group monitors. Their duty is to ensure that all pupils in their group understand and practice what the teacher has taught.There are a number of unusual features in the Bangladesh school. Children do not move up a class automatically when they grow older. Each group is promoted(升級) only when EVERY pupil in it has succeeded in getting to the right standard. As a result, all members of a group work hard to help the less able pupils. Nobody is left behind.Lessons are extremely practical and include work on farming, carpentry, health and running a homeas well as lessons on the basic skills of reading, writing and arithmetic. At school, pupils prepare for adult life by learning to carry out almost all the tasks which they will face when they grow older.If pupils have to look after cattle or young children, they are allowed to bring them to school. If a child has to stay at home to help his parents, there is no scolding or punishment(責(zé)罰) at school. Children enjoy their lessons and the school is cheap to run. It is so successful that other schools in Bangladesh are beginning to imitate(模仿) its methods. Visitors are even coming from other agricultural countries to see if they can use a similar method.1Many people in Bangladesh work on farms.2Most children in Bangladesh complete their primary education.3In each group, the biggest or oldest pupil is made a monitor.4At the end of each school year, all the pupils move to a higher class.5At school, pupils learn to do almost all the tasks needed in adult life.【答案及解析】 1A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第一句話可以看出孟加拉是一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)大國，所以許多的人從事農(nóng)業(yè)是正確的。2B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第一句可知少于一半的學(xué)生完成初級教育，所以大多數(shù)學(xué)生完成初級教育是錯(cuò)誤的。3B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第四段的第一、二句可知，最有能力的學(xué)生成為組長，故此描述錯(cuò)誤。4B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第五段的第二、三句可知，只有組內(nèi)的每個(gè)孩子都達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)才能夠升級，所以此描述錯(cuò)誤。5A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第六段最后一句可知此描述正確。(三)還原型閱讀理解(2018·山東威海中考)閱讀D篇，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，將下面方框中的句子還原到文章當(dāng)中，使短文內(nèi)容完整。Complain(抱怨) PolitelyNot everything goes the way you want it to. You may go to a restaurant and order a nice meal. But your order is wrong or not cooked properly. You may buy a product that breaks the next day. 1 However, if you speak angrily to people, they will become defensive(自衛(wèi)的). Then they are less likely to help you. A more effective(有效的) way to get what you want is to stay calm.Use polite language and a friendly tone of voice. Start with phrases such as, “I'm sorry to bother you, but.”or“Excuse me, but could you.？” For example, “I'm sorry to bother you, but I ordered potato soup, not vegetable.” Phrasing your complaint as a question also helps. 2 “Could you help me? I just bought this phone case yesterday, but it's cracked.” 3 There is no faster way to make someone defensive than by blaming them. Use the phrase，“I know this isn't your fault, but.”or “There has been a misunderstanding.” 4 Blaming people isn't as important as getting a problem fixed!There are honest mistakes, but at times someone may try to take advantage of you. In that case, don't say “Hey! You're trying to cheat me！” Instead, use the phrase, “I understood that.” For example, “I understood that the service charge was included in the price.” Then give the person a chance to answer.If you don't get what you want with polite conversation, ask to speak to a manager or supervisor. 5 AWhen trying to correct a problem, don't blame(責(zé)備) the person you're talking to.BPeople like to be asked rather than told!CBut usually, you'll find that polite words and a smile will resolve a situation.DThese kinds of experiences make you want to complain.EThese phrases let people know you are only angry at the situation.【答案及解析】 1D推理判斷題。前文列舉了不合自己心意的經(jīng)歷，結(jié)合語境可知，接下來描述這些經(jīng)歷可能會(huì)讓你想要抱怨。故選D。2B推理判斷題。結(jié)合前文可知，以問題的形式來表達(dá)自己的不滿會(huì)有幫助，后文舉例說明如何提問題，故此處描述人們通常喜歡被問而不是被告訴，故選B。3A推理判斷題。由空后內(nèi)容可知，責(zé)備某人會(huì)讓他很快地疏遠(yuǎn)自己，故此處應(yīng)該表示當(dāng)更正一個(gè)問題時(shí)，不要責(zé)備正在和你交談的人，故選A。4E推理判斷題。前文舉例描述，當(dāng)你想要更正某人的錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，可以如何去表達(dá)，結(jié)合語境可推知此處應(yīng)該是說明這樣表達(dá)的好處，故選E。5C推理判斷題。最后總結(jié)介紹：如果按照以上講述的方法去做的話，問題通常會(huì)得到解決。故選C。13