初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)重點(diǎn)要看的
初中復(fù)習(xí)資料目錄英語詞組總結(jié)1.比較since和for 2.since的四種用法3.延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞重點(diǎn)部分提要一. 詞匯 單詞 2冠詞 a / an / the: 3.some和any 4.family 5. little的用法 三. 語法 1. 名詞所有格 2. 祈使句 1.英語構(gòu)詞法匯 2.英語語法匯總及練習(xí)第1講:名詞第2講:代詞第3講:形容詞第4講:副詞第5講:動(dòng)詞第6講:不定式第7講 介詞第8講:連詞第9講:時(shí)態(tài)一第10講:時(shí)態(tài) (二)第11講:動(dòng)詞語態(tài)第12講:句子種類(一)第13講:句子的種類(二)第14講:賓語從句第15講:狀語從句第17講 There be句型與中考試題第18講 被動(dòng)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí) ABC【初中英語詞組總結(jié)】1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官動(dòng)詞)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 (比較級(jí) and 比較級(jí)) 表示越來越怎么樣 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)4 agree with sb 贊成某人 5 all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一樣 6 all over the world = the whole world 整個(gè) 世界 7 along with同一道,伴隨 eg : I will go along with you我將和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 學(xué)生同老師們一起種樹 8 As soon as 一怎么樣就怎么樣 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for 求助 向要(直接接想要的東西) 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 詢問某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在歲時(shí) 14 at the beginning of 的起初;的開始 15 at the end of +地點(diǎn)/+時(shí)間 最后;盡頭;末尾 16 at this time of year 在每年的這個(gè)時(shí)候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +從句 感覺/對(duì)什么有信心,自信 18 be + doing 表:1 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 2 將來時(shí) 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能夠 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐懼,害怕 22 be allowed to do 被允許做什么 23 be angry with sb 生某人的氣 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 為什么而生某人的氣 25 be as原級(jí)as 和什么一樣 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一樣高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 遠(yuǎn)離 28 be away from 從離開 29 be bad for 對(duì)什么有害 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于 32 be careful 當(dāng)心;小心 33 be different from 和什么不一樣 34 be famous for 以著名 35 be friendly to sb 對(duì)某人友好 36 be from = come from 來自 37 be full of 裝滿的 be filled with 充滿 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/從句 39 be going to + v(原) 將來時(shí) 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善長, 善于 41 be good for 對(duì)什么有好處 42 be happy to do 很高興做某事 43 be helpful to sb 對(duì)某人有好處 44 be in good health 身體健康 45 be in trouble 處于困難中 46 be interested in 對(duì)某方面感興趣 47 be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到 48 be like 像 eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的氣 50 be made from 由制成(制成以后看不見原材料) 51 be made of 由制成(制成以后還看得見原材料) 52 be not sure 表不確定 53 be on a visit to 參觀 54 be popular with sb 受某人歡迎 55 be quiet 安靜 56 be short for 表*的縮寫 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb 61 be strict in doing sth 嚴(yán)于做某事 62 be strict with sb 對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格 63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表確定 66 be sure of doing sth 對(duì)做某事有信心 67 be sure of sth 對(duì)做某事有信心 68 be sure that sth 對(duì)做某事有信心 69 be sure to do sth一定會(huì)做某事We are sure to learn English well 我們一定能學(xué)好英語 70 be terrified of + 名/動(dòng)doing 害怕 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as 和什么一樣 73 be used to doing sth 習(xí)慣做某事 My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習(xí)慣早74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句 76 because+句子 because of +短語 eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 開始做某事 startwith=beginwith 以什么開始什么 78 betweenand 兩者之間 79 borrow sth from sb 向借 lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借給什么東西 80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同 81 bother 打擾 bother sb to do sth eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打擾你,但是你能告訴我怎么去車站 82 by the end of 到為止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang 85 catch up with sb 趕上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人閑談 take sb to + 地點(diǎn) 帶某人去某地 87 come in 進(jìn)88 come over to 過來 89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一個(gè)好辦法嗎? 90 communicate with sb 和某人交流 91 consider + doing 考慮做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 為什么不考慮去瀘州? 92 dance to 隨著跳舞 93 decide to do sth 決定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的調(diào)查 95 do better in 在方面做得更好 96 do wrong 做錯(cuò) 97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /從句 /名詞 不要介意 99 each +名(單)每一個(gè)eg : Each student has many books 每一個(gè)學(xué)生都有一些書 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜歡 102 escape from 從逃跑103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下來 fall off 從哪摔下來 105 fall in love with sb /sth 愛上什么 106 far from 離某地遠(yuǎn) 107 find +it +adj +to do 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣 108 find sb/sth +adj 發(fā)現(xiàn)什么怎么樣 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing(名詞) 110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 適合某人 111 forget to do 沒有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 112 fromto 從某某到某某 eg: From me for her 113 get /have sth down 做完,被(別人)做eg: I have my hair cut 我理了發(fā)(頭發(fā)被剪了) Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了(被牙醫(yī)拔掉了) 114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 與某人相處得好 116 get along with sb = get on with sb 與某人相處 117 get ready for = be ready for為什么而準(zhǔn)備118 get sb in to trouble 給某人帶來麻煩120 getfrom 從某處得到某物121 give a talk 做報(bào)告 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 給某人某物 123 go fish 釣魚 go swimming 游泳 124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 繼續(xù)做這件事 125 go out away from遠(yuǎn)離 go out of 從.離開 126 go to school 上學(xué)(用于專業(yè)的)go to the school 去學(xué)校(不一定是上學(xué)) 127 good way to 好方法 128 hate to do 討厭沒做過的事 hate doing 討厭做過的事 129 have a party for sb 舉辦誰的晚會(huì) 130 have a talk 聽報(bào)告 談一談 131 have been doing 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 132 have been to ( 地方)去過某過地方 have gone to (地方) 去了某地還沒回來 133 have fun +doing 玩得高興 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做 135 have to do sth 必須做某事 136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻煩 137 havetime +doing 138 have(時(shí)間)off 放假 139 hear sb +do/doing 聽見某人做某事/正在做某事 140 help a lot 很大用處 141 help sb with sth one's sth 幫助某人某事(某方面) help sb (to) do sth 幫助某人做某事 142 hope to do sth 希望做某事 143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing) 144 how do you like = what do you think of 你對(duì)什么的看法 145 if : 是否wether eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否應(yīng)該去參加晚會(huì) He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我們明天早上是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá) 146 if :如果,假如(全部接一般時(shí)態(tài))條件語態(tài)從句 eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去瀘州 If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他們要改變計(jì)劃,他們會(huì)讓我知道的 I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足夠的錢,我就要去英國 147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人認(rèn)為 148 in some ways 在某些方面 149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后 150 in the north of 什么在什么的北方 (north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 東 ) 151 in the sun 在太陽下 152 increase 增加 eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他們把石油價(jià)增加了3% 153 instead of +(名 ) 代替 eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要蘋果,而不要梨子 154 introduce sb to sb 介紹某人給某人 introduce oneself 自我介紹 155 invite sb to do sth 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事 156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少時(shí)間 eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook 157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 對(duì)某人來說做某事怎么樣 158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么樣 159 It's +adj for sb 對(duì)于某人來說怎么樣 It's +adj of sb 對(duì)某人來說太怎么樣 160 It's +adj(for sb) to do(對(duì)某人來說) 做某事怎么樣 It's +adj of sb to do sth 對(duì)某人來說做某事太怎么樣 eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English 161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 對(duì) 來說是個(gè)好主意 162 It's important to sb 對(duì)某人來說很重要 eg: It's important to me 163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了該去做某事的時(shí)間 eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 該去上課了 164 join = take part in 參加 165 just now 剛才 166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介詞短語 讓什么保持什么樣? 167 keep out 不讓 進(jìn)入 168 keep sb adj 讓保持 keep healthy 保持健康 169 key to +名詞 表示:某物的鑰匙或某題的答案 170 key to anser to key 可以是答題或鑰匙 171 laugh at 取笑 172 learn by oneslfe 自學(xué) 173 learn from sb 向某人學(xué)習(xí) 174 learn to do sth 學(xué)做某事 175 let sb do sth 讓某人做某事 176 Let sb down 讓某人失望 eg : We shouldn't let our farents down 我們不應(yīng)該讓我們的父母失望 177 live from :離某地遠(yuǎn) 178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地 179 look after = take care of 照顧 照看 180 lose one's way 誰 迷 路 181 make a decision to do sth 決定做某事 182 make friends with sb 和誰成為朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you 183 make it early 把時(shí)間定的早一點(diǎn) 184 make on exhibition of oneself 讓某人出洋相 185 make sb /n +n 使什么成為什么 eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife 186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人(某物)怎么樣 eg : You must made your bed clean 187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么樣 188 make sb do sth 讓某人做某事 189 make up be made up of (被動(dòng)語態(tài))由組成 190 makedifference to 191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意做什么 192 most +名 most of +代 193 much too +形容詞 194 must be 一定 195 need +名詞 196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事 197 need to do (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞) need do (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞) 198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing 199 no +名詞 200 not anymore = no more 再也不 eg: He didn't cry any more 201 not (形 、副)at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all 202 notat all 一點(diǎn)都不 203 noteither 表否定,也不 eg : I don't japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也沒有姐姐 204 notuntil 直到才 205 offer / provide sb with sth 給某人提供206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什么東西給某人 eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you 我給你提供水 207 on one's way to 在誰去那的路上 208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 209 on the phone = over the phone 用電話交談 210 on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí) in time 及時(shí) 211 one day some day someday 一天,有一天 212 one of +可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 213 one to another 一個(gè)到另一個(gè) 214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的 eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin 215 part-time job 兼職工作 fall-time job 全職工作 216 pay for 付錢 pay the bill 開錢 ,付錢 217 please +do 218 please help yourself 219 pleased with sb 220 pool into = pore into 221 practice +doing 練習(xí)做某事 222 prefer sth to sth 相對(duì)更喜歡 eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化學(xué)中,我更喜歡物理 prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意 eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜歡她不來 223 pretend to do sth 裝著去做什么 pretend that 從句 eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 這兩個(gè)騙子裝著努力工作 224 ratherthan 寧可也不 eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯當(dāng)醫(yī)生,也不當(dāng)老師 225 regardas 把當(dāng)作 I regard you as my friend 我把你當(dāng)作我的朋友 226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什么事 remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook 他提醒我做飯 227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什么 the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother 228 return sth to sb 還什么東西給某人 229 say to oneself 對(duì)自己說 230 say to sb 對(duì)某人說 231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少錢在某事上 232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少時(shí)間陪誰 233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少時(shí)間做某事 234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are 235 see sb do 看見某人做過某事 see sb doing 看見某人正在做某事 236 seem to do/be +adj 顯得怎么樣 eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy 237 send +sb sth 送給某人某物 238 sendto把什么寄到哪里去? 239 shock 使震驚 eg : Oh , It's only you ! You give me a shock 啊,是你呀!嚇我一跳 240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么東西給某人看 242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 243 someothers 一些另一些 244 startwith 從開始 beginwith 從開始 245 stay away from 遠(yuǎn)離 eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 當(dāng)我們參觀zoo 時(shí),我們要遠(yuǎn)離動(dòng)物 246 stop doing 停下正在做的事 247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事 249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事 250 such +名 這樣 ,這種 251 suit sb 適合某人 252 surprise sb 使某人驚奇 to one's surprise 令某人驚奇 253 take classes 上課 254 take sb to 把某人帶去 eg : I take you to the hospital 255 take walks = take a walk go for a walk 散步 256 talk to 對(duì)誰說 talk with 和誰說 talk of 談到 talk about 談?wù)撽P(guān)于 257 talk with sb 和某人說話 258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事 259 tell sb do sth 告訴某人做某事 261 tell sb sth 告訴某人某事 tell sb that 叢句 tell sb not to do sth 262 tell sb not to do sth 告訴某人做什么 263 tellfrom 區(qū)別264 thank you for +doing 265 the same +名詞(doing)+as 266 the same(名)as as(adj adv)as 相同 267 the way to do sth the way of doing st做某方面 的方法 the way to +地方 去哪的路 e g :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English 268 the way to(地點(diǎn)) 到哪的 270 transalte into 把什么翻譯成什么 eg : Trasalte English into chinese 271 travel with sb和某人去旅游272 try one's best to do sth盡某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well 273 try to do sth 想干什么,但沒成功 try doing sth 想干什么,已經(jīng)做過了 274 try試衣服 have a try 試一下 275 turn down 開小 turn up 開大 276 turn off 關(guān)上 turn on 打開 open 拆開 277 upside down 倒著 278 visit to 參觀某個(gè)地方 279 wait for sb 等某人【比較since和for 】Since 用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間,for用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長度。例如: I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。 I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。 注意:并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。) I have worked here for many years.(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。) 注意:用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法,很容易排除非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時(shí)中的誤用。 1)(對(duì)) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2)(錯(cuò)) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 顯然,第二句不對(duì),它應(yīng)改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years. 【 since的四種用法】 1) since +過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six)。例如: I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在這兒。 2) since +一段時(shí)間+ ago。例如: I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒,已經(jīng)有五個(gè)月了。 3) since +從句。例如: Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,變化可大了。 4) It is +一段時(shí)間+ since從句。例如: It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了?!?#160;延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞】 1) 用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷; 瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如: He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 (表結(jié)果) I've known him since then. 我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷) 2) 用于till / until從句的差異 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句,表示"做直到" 瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句,表示"到,才"。例如: He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 點(diǎn)才回來。 He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。 典型例題 2. -I'm sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 答案A. 等待的動(dòng)作由過去開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?!局攸c(diǎn)部分提要】一. 詞匯 單詞 1. 介詞:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of 1). in表示"在中", "在內(nèi)"。in my bag 在我的書包里in our class 在我們班上 2). on 表示"在上"。例如: on the wall 在墻上3). under表示"在下"。例如:under the tree 在樹下 4). behind表示"在后面"。例如:behind the door 在門后 5). near表示"在附近"。例如 near the teacher's desk 在講桌附近 6). at表示"在處"。例如:at school 在學(xué)校 7). of 表示"的"。例如: a map of China 一張中國地圖 2. 冠詞 a / an / the: 冠詞一般位于所限定的名詞前,用來署名名詞所指的人或事物。冠詞有不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。不定冠詞有兩個(gè)形式,即a和an。a用在以輔音音素開頭的詞前,如a book; an用在以元音音素開頭的字母前,如an apple. a或an與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,泛指某類人或某物中的一個(gè)。 the既可以用在可數(shù)名詞前,也可以用在不可數(shù)名詞前,表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到過的人或事物。 3.some和any 在肯定句中用some. 在疑問句和否定句中用any記住它們的特殊用法。 some亦可用于表示盼望得到對(duì)方肯定的答復(fù)或表示建議、委婉請(qǐng)求的疑問句中,這一點(diǎn)我們不久就會(huì)學(xué)到。例如: Would you like to have some apples?你想吃蘋果嗎? any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。例如: Any one of us can do this.我們當(dāng)中任何一個(gè)都能做這個(gè)。 4.family family看作為一個(gè)整體時(shí),意思是"家庭",后面的謂語動(dòng)詞be用單數(shù)形式 is ;如把family看作為家庭成員時(shí),應(yīng)理解為復(fù)數(shù),后面的謂語動(dòng)詞be應(yīng)用are。 Family強(qiáng)調(diào)由家人組成的一個(gè)集體或強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)集體中的成員。home指個(gè)人出生、被撫養(yǎng)長大的環(huán)境和居住地點(diǎn)。 house指"家"、"房屋",側(cè)重居住的建筑本身。 5. little的用法 little常用來修飾有生命的名詞。 *但little還可表示否定意義,意為"少的",修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 There is little time. 幾乎沒時(shí)間了。 三. 語法 1. 名詞所有格 名詞如要表示與后面名詞的所有關(guān)系,通常用名詞所有格的形式,意為"的"。一般有以下幾種形式: 一般情況下在詞尾加 's。 .如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞以s結(jié)尾,只加 '。 .Teachers' Day 教師節(jié) 如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞不以s結(jié)尾,仍加 'sChildren's Day 兒童節(jié) 表示兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)共有時(shí),所有格應(yīng)加在后一個(gè)名詞上。 Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房間 .動(dòng)物和無生命事物的名詞的所有格一般不在詞尾加"'s",而常常用介詞of的短語來表示。 2. 祈使句 祈使句主要用來表示說話人的請(qǐng)求、命令、建議、叮囑等意圖。祈使句一般不用主語,讀時(shí)用降調(diào)。為使語氣委婉、禮貌,常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾時(shí),please前多用逗號(hào)。 (1). 祈使句肯定形式的謂語動(dòng)詞一律用動(dòng)詞原形。 (2). 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。 .說話對(duì)象是第一人稱和第三人稱時(shí),表示建議做某事。祈使句 + and + 簡單句 表示“如果,就”祈使句 + or + 簡單句 表示“否則”2.so,neither引導(dǎo)的倒裝句,為了避免和前一句話的內(nèi)容重復(fù),英語中習(xí)慣用so,neither引導(dǎo)的倒裝句。 a.So+be(助動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語。表示某人也是如此。 b.Neither+be(助動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)主語,表示某人也不。c.So主語be(助動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)。表示果真如此(贊同), 【課題專練】1.英語構(gòu)詞法匯 2.英語語法匯總及練習(xí)3.復(fù)合句 見語法書?!镜?講:名詞】名詞復(fù)數(shù)的特殊變化。 普通名詞的復(fù)數(shù)我們知道是直接加-s或 -es,a. class, box, watch, brush等詞以 s, x, ch, sh, 結(jié)尾,復(fù)數(shù)要加-es; b. story, factory 等以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的詞復(fù)數(shù)要先將-y 變成-i再加-es; c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe結(jié)尾的詞一般先將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v, 再加-es; d. 以-o結(jié)尾的名詞,一般來說,末尾是"元音字母+o" 的詞加-s,我們學(xué)過的有radio,zoo。末尾是"輔音字母+o"的詞,變復(fù)數(shù)加-es。如:tomato, hero, potato,當(dāng)然其中的piano 和photo,又是一個(gè)例外,他們的結(jié)尾只能加-s。 e. child(children), foot(feet), tooth(teeth), mouse(mice), man(men ), woman(women )等詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化全不遵循規(guī)則。 注意:與 man 和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women。如:an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為 Germans;f. deer,sheep等詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形。 people,police,cattle 等詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù),所以它們的謂語當(dāng)然也是復(fù)數(shù)形式,這就是集體名詞。the English,the French,the Chinese等名詞表示國民總稱時(shí),也作復(fù)數(shù)用。 注意:maths,politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞,雖然以-s結(jié)尾,仍為不可數(shù)名詞。還有theUnited States(美國),the United Nations(聯(lián)合國)等應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。 別奇怪,名詞有時(shí)也可以作定語的。它作定語時(shí)一般用單數(shù),但也有以下例外。 a. man, woman等作定語時(shí),它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如:menworkers, women teachers。 b. 數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時(shí),這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式,中間加連字符。如:a ten-mile walk十里路,two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹。 名詞所有格:上面內(nèi)容提到過 【第2講:代詞】 代詞中第一個(gè)“小個(gè)性”就是物主代詞。像my和mine這兩個(gè)小冤家總是讓人分不清誰是誰。但你只要記住它們最重要的區(qū)別my的后面一定要接名詞,不可以單獨(dú)出現(xiàn),只能做定語,如:my father;而 mine則是名詞性,只能單獨(dú)出現(xiàn),在句中做主語和表語。如:Mine is green. It's mine. 記住這兩個(gè)句子,凡是名詞性物主代詞(yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs)就都可以放在mine的位置上了。 代詞的第二個(gè)“羅嗦”就是它有一個(gè)小跟班self(selves)反身代詞,也就是表示“自己、親自”的意思。關(guān)于反身代詞,需要注意的是她不能單獨(dú)做主語,但可以放在人稱代詞后面,做同位語。如:Marry herself said so. 瑪麗她自己這么說的。Of+名詞性物主代詞:of +物主代詞構(gòu)成雙重所有格。公式為:a(an, this, that )+名詞+of +名詞性物主代詞。因?yàn)槲镏鞔~不可與 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, no, each,every, such, another等詞一起前置,修飾一個(gè)名詞,而必須用雙重所有格。如: a friend of mine(我的一個(gè)朋友)some, any的用法:上面的內(nèi)容以提到過 every 和each的用法:every 強(qiáng)調(diào)全體的概念,指三個(gè)以上的人或物(含三個(gè)),不可單獨(dú)使用;each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念。指兩個(gè)以上的人或物 (含兩個(gè)),可單獨(dú)使用.。Every student in our school works hard.(我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生都很用功。) Each student may have one book. (每個(gè)學(xué)生都可有一本書。) both, either, neither的用法: both意為“兩者全都”,與復(fù)數(shù)連用。either意為“兩者中間的任何一個(gè)”,neither 表示“兩者之間一個(gè)也不是”,與單數(shù)連用。如:Both of the them come from London。他們兩人都是倫敦人。 You may take either with you。 兩個(gè)中間你隨便帶哪個(gè)都行。 Neither is correct。 兩個(gè)都不對(duì)。 Few,a few和little,a little的用法: Few,a few用來代替和修飾可數(shù)名詞,little,a little用來代替和修飾不可數(shù)名詞;a few和a little 著重肯定意思,相當(dāng)于漢語“有幾個(gè)”,“有一點(diǎn)兒”;few和little 著重否定意思,相當(dāng)于漢語 “沒有幾個(gè)”,“沒有多少” 【第3講:形容詞】 定語時(shí)排列有一定的先后順序。它們往往遵循以下規(guī)律:冠詞或人稱代詞所有格+數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)+大小+形狀+表示老少、新舊+顏色+事物質(zhì)地、人的國籍、用途。 There is something wrong with my bike。這句話可能讓你撓撓頭皮。大部分形容詞做定語時(shí)的位置是放在名詞之前的,但當(dāng)形容詞所修飾的詞為something,anything,nothing,everything等以-thing為字尾的詞語時(shí),形容詞要后置。 形容詞級(jí)別問題: a. Our classroom is twice larger than theirs。(我們的教室是他們的兩倍。)這種表示倍數(shù)的句子用 times +形容詞比較級(jí)+than b. I'm three years older than you.(我比你大三歲。)表示"大三