人教版新目標(biāo)七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè) 全冊(cè)知識(shí)講解及練習(xí)
人教版新目標(biāo)七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè) 全冊(cè)知識(shí)講解及練習(xí)Junior One IStarter Unit 1 Review of Units 17考點(diǎn)聚焦I. 詞組歸納1. 遲到 _2 文化提示 _3. 用英語(yǔ) _4. 成對(duì)的 _5. 穿藍(lán)色衣服的男孩 _6. 表演出來(lái) _7. 電話號(hào)碼 _8. 姓氏 _9. 名 _10. 給約翰打電話4953539 _11. 失物招領(lǐng)處 _12. 黃金戒指 _13. 一串鑰匙 _14. 家譜 _15. 為而感謝 _16. Tony的全家福 _17. 把帶去給某人 _18. 他的數(shù)學(xué)書(shū) _19. 一些錄像帶 _20. 在梳妝臺(tái)上 _21. 把帶來(lái)給某人 _22. 在A和B之間 _23. 在地板上 _24. 打電腦游戲 _25. 棒球球棒 _26. 一個(gè)網(wǎng)球拍 _27. 想做某事 _28. 歡迎來(lái)到我們學(xué)校 _29. 加入學(xué)校體育中心 _30. 馬上加入我們吧! _31. 豐富的體育用品收藏 _32. 在電視上看籃球比賽 _33. 跑步明星 _34. 吃健康的食物 _35. 就早餐而言 _36. 食物清單 _37. 一年的這個(gè)時(shí)候 _38. 以一個(gè)非常優(yōu)惠的價(jià)格 _39. 各種顏色的毛衣 _40. 出售 _41. 看一下 _42. 服裝店 _43. 籃球打得好 _44. 非常喜歡 _II. 句型歸納1. _ _ name? My name is Dale.2. _ _ _ your aunt? Shes 37 _ old.3. _ that? Its Gina.4. _ this _ English? Its letter A.5. _ play soccer today! Great, that sounds good.6. _ _ are these desks? They are brown.7. _ _ you _ watch? W-A-T-C-H.8. _ that her eraser? No, _ isnt.9. _ telephone number? _ 7385098.10. _ this your brother?Yes, _ is.11. _ _ his books?Theyre on the dresser.12. _ _ on the dresser?Yes, they are.13. _ they have a computer?No, they _.14. _ he have a soccer ball?Yes, he _.15. I like oranges but I _ like bananas.16. Their father likes broccoli but he _ like hamburgers.17. _ _ your sister like for lunch?She likes fish and salad for lunch.18. _ _ are the red socks?_ 3 dollars.III. 考點(diǎn)歸納1. Hello, Eli. Good morning. 嗨,埃麗。早上好。英文中常用的問(wèn)候語(yǔ)及其回答:Hello. Hello.Hi. Hi.Good morning. Good morning.Good afternoon. Good afternoon.Good evening. Good evening.Good night. Good night.How do you do? How do you do?How are you? Fine, thank you.高分突破:注意對(duì) “How do you do?” 和 “How are you?” 兩句話的回答不要弄混淆。2. Sorry, Im late. 對(duì)不起,我遲到了。1) sorry “對(duì)不起” 用于引出某一過(guò)錯(cuò)。 Excuse me. “對(duì)不起” 用于引起對(duì)方的注意。例如: Im sorry I cant speak English. Excuse me, is this your backpack?2) be late (for .) (做)遲到 be late for school/ class/ work/ the meeting 上學(xué)/上課/上班/開(kāi)會(huì)遲到高分突破:late的副詞仍為late, 不能寫(xiě)成lately. 例如:請(qǐng)不要晚到學(xué)校。Please dont arrive lately for school. (×)Please dont arrive late for school. ()3. Nice to meet you! 很高興認(rèn)識(shí)你!對(duì)表示見(jiàn)到某人很高興的幾種表達(dá):(Its)Nice to meet you.=(Im) Happy/ Glad/ Pleased to meet you.高分突破:注意形容詞與主語(yǔ)的搭配:Im nice to meet you. (×)Its happy/ glad/ pleased to meet you. (×)4. Whats this in English? 這個(gè)用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)?1) 同義句:Whats the English for this?2) 用什么語(yǔ)言,介詞用in: “in + language”. 例如: in English 用英語(yǔ) in Chinese 用漢語(yǔ) in Japanese 用日語(yǔ) in your own words 用自己的語(yǔ)言高分突破:用鋼筆:in ink = in pen = with a pen5. Lets learn English. 讓我們學(xué)英語(yǔ)。1) lets = let us 讓我們Lets ., shall we?Let us ., will you?Lets do sth.= Why not do sth.?= What/How about doing sth.? 例如:Lets learn English.= Why not learn English?= What/How about learning English?2) let sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事 例如:Let me play the guitar.Let Tony draw a picture for you.高分突破: let sb. to do sth. (×) let sb. do sth. 中的sb.若是代詞要用賓格形式。 Let she sing an English song. (×) Let her sing an English song. () let sb. do st. 中的sb.即使是第三人稱單數(shù)后面的動(dòng)詞仍用原形,例如: Let him plays soccer. (×) Let him play soccer. () 3) learn 學(xué)習(xí)learn sth. 學(xué)習(xí), 例如: We will learn physics this term.4) learn sth. from 從學(xué)到, 例如: We learnt cooking from my cousin. 5) learn from 向?qū)W習(xí), 例如: Let us learn from Lei Feng.6) learn to do sth. 學(xué)做, 例如: Lucy learnt to play the trumpet last summer vacation.6) learn + 疑問(wèn)代詞 + to do sth. 例如: We are learning how to mend this bike. You should learn what to say when you meet the foreigners at the airport.高分突破:learn和study的區(qū)別:兩個(gè)詞語(yǔ)都有這一用法:learn sth. / study sth.。但指學(xué)習(xí)時(shí),study有“深入研究”的含義;而且study不能用作:study to do sth.。6. What color is this Z? 這個(gè)字目Z是什么顏色?1) 對(duì)顏色提問(wèn)的兩種方法:What color ? = Whats the color of ? 例如:What color is your purse? = What the color of your purse?2) color v. 著色color sth. + 顏色, 例如:I want to color it red.高分突破:1)對(duì)名詞(復(fù)數(shù))的顏色提問(wèn)時(shí),不能用what colors,例如: What color are these cups? () What colors are these cups? (×)2) color是可數(shù)名詞,例如: I dont like these colors.7. Whats your name? 你叫什么名字?1) 對(duì)姓名的幾種提問(wèn)及回答:Whats your name? = May I have/know your name?My name is = Im 2) 姓氏:family name / last name/ surname 名: given name/ first name 全名:full name 3) 中文名字的習(xí)慣:family name / last name/ surname given name/ first name 英文名字的習(xí)慣: given name/ first name family name / last name/ surname高分突破:在交際英語(yǔ)中應(yīng)注意由于中英文名字的區(qū)別所造成的對(duì)人物的稱呼也不同,例如:Zhang Xiaoli: Miss Zhang/ Xiaoli () Zhang/ Miss Xiaoli (×) Dave Green: Mr. Green/ Dave () Green/ Mr. Dave (×)8. Is this your dictionary? 這是你的字典嗎?回答:Yes, it is. / No, it isnt.Is this/that .? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. ()Yes, this/that is. / No, this/that isnt. (×)例如:Is that your brothers backpack?Yes, it is.高分突破:Is this/that + 人?Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. ()Yes, he/she is. / No, he/she isnt. (×)9. Call John at 495-3539. 給約翰打電話495-3539。call v. 打電話1) 單獨(dú)使用“打電話”, 例如: Please call this evening.2)call + sb.“給某人打電話”, 例如:Please call Bob this evening.3) call + telephone number“撥打某一電話號(hào)碼”, 例如:Please call 2377485 now.4) call + sb. + at + telephone number“給某人打電話”, 例如:Please call my teacher at 65774839.請(qǐng)給Gina打電話,她的電話是2684753Please call Gina, her phone number is 2684753.=Please call Gina at 2684753.10. Thanks for the great photo of your family. 感謝你的全家福照片。1) 感謝你。Thanks. = Thank you. ()Thank. (×)Thanks you. (×)2) Thanks for + sth./doing sth. 為而感謝你。例如: Thanks for your help. =Thanks for helping me.3) the photo of your family =your family photo11. Here is my family photo. 這是我的全家福照片。1)倒裝句式:介詞謂語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)(名詞)Here is your letter.On the dresser is my photo.介詞主語(yǔ)(代詞)謂語(yǔ)Here you are.高分突破:這種倒裝句式中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。Under the tree _ a boy. A. is standing B. stands C. stand D. is stand ( B )2)This is . .的句型也表示“這是?!钡ǔS糜诮榻B;而“Here is. .”常用于把某物給說(shuō)話的對(duì)象。12. Please take these things to your brother. 請(qǐng)把這些東西帶給你弟弟。take, bring, carry 和get的區(qū)別:1) take “帶走”,從近處帶到遠(yuǎn)處,例如: Please take these books to your home after school.1) bring “帶來(lái)”,從遠(yuǎn)處帶來(lái),例如: Please bring me some video cassettes.2) carry “帶”,無(wú)方向性,指移動(dòng)較重、較大的東西,有“負(fù)重”的含義,例如: The bag is too heavy for me. Can you carry it for me?3) get “去拿來(lái)”,相當(dāng)于go and bring,例如: Can I get you something to drink?13. I need my hat, my ID card, my notebook and my pencils. 我需要我的帽子,身份證,筆記本和鉛筆。need v. 需要1) need sth./sb. “需要” 例如:She really needs these video cassettes.2) need to do sth. “需要做” 例如:I need to listen to some relaxing music.3) need doing sth. = need to be done “需要被” 例如:These flowers need watering.=These flowers need to be watered.14. There are books in the bookcase. 書(shū)柜里有書(shū)。There be 句型1)構(gòu)成及意義There be + n. + some place. 在某處有什么。例如:There is an alarm clock on the dresser.There are some keys in the drawer.2) 否定式There be + not + a/an +n. + some place.There be + not + any + n.(pl.) + some place.There be + no + n. + some place.例如:There isnt a baseball on the floor.There arent any books in the bookcase.3) 疑問(wèn)句及回答B(yǎng)e there + a/an +n. + some place ?Be there + any +n. (pl.)+ some place ?-Yes, there is(are).-No, there isnt(arent any).How many + n.(pl) +be there + some place?There is only one.There are .高分突破:1)There be句型的就近原則:若有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)是,謂語(yǔ)常與靠近它的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。例如:There is a book, two pens and some cups on the table.There are two pens, some cups and a book on the table.2)變疑問(wèn)句或否定句時(shí),應(yīng)將原句中的some改為any。3)對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問(wèn):There is some broccoli in the bowl.How much broccoli is there in the bowl?There are three bowls of broccoli on the table.How many bowls of broccoli are there on the table?4)在變特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí),不要忘記加are(is) there。How many kids are there in the room? ()How many kids in the room? (×)5)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可以將狀語(yǔ)提前。On the table there is only one tennis racket.6)與have的區(qū)別在于:have表示某人或某物擁有什么;而There be表示在什么地方存在什么。15. You want to join your school sports center.你想加入你學(xué)校的體育中心。want 想,想要1) want + sth./sb. “想要” 例如:I want two hamburgers.2) want to do sth. “想要做” 例如:He wants to join the reading club.3) want sb. (not) to do sth. “想某人(不)做什么” 例如:My mother wants me to practice English every day.He wants that boy not to play soccer in the street.16. Welcome to our sports center. 歡迎到我們體育中心來(lái)。welcome1)作名詞:a warm welcome 熱烈歡迎2)作形容詞:Youre welcome. 沒(méi)關(guān)系。 sb. be welcome to some place 歡迎某人到某地 sb. be welcome to do sth. 歡迎某人做什么事3)作動(dòng)詞:welcome sb. 例如:Lets welcome Mr. Smith to give us a talk.17. Ed Edgarson has a great sports collection.Ed Edgarson有豐富的體育用品收藏。名詞修飾名詞:一般情況下變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),只有被修飾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式,例如:apple tree apple treestoy train toy trainsshoe shop shoe shops如果修飾詞為man, woman則兩個(gè)名詞都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式,例如:woman doctor women doctorsman teacher men teachers高分突破:1) 有的名詞常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn), 例如:clothes shop clothes shopssports center sports centers2) 豐富的鋼筆收藏:a great/big pen collection 少的鋼筆收藏: a small pen collection18. He only watches them on TV. 他只在電視上觀看它們。1) 看:watch, see, look, readwatch TV/ a movie/ a football game/ a match/ the news reportssee a movie/ an old friendlook at the picture/ that funny boyread the newspaper/ a map/ the menu/ an interesting story2) on TV 在電視上 on the phone 在電話里 on the computer 在電腦上 on the screen 在屏幕上19. Do you like bananas? 你喜歡香蕉嗎?1) like v.like sth. / sb. 喜歡like doing sth. 喜歡做like to do sth. 想做like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做would like to do sth.想做would like sb. to do sth.想要某人做2) like prep.be like 像look/sound like 看/聽(tīng)起來(lái)像高分突破: like doing sth. 喜歡做(長(zhǎng)期的喜好,習(xí)慣)1) like to do sth. 想做(短期的,具體的某一次活動(dòng)) = want to dodislike, love, hate 都有類似的用法。 What does your father like? 你父親喜歡什么?2) What is your father like? 你父親長(zhǎng)得什么樣? dislike v. 不喜歡3) unlike prep. 不像3) 泛指某一類的事物:不可數(shù)名詞:直接使用可數(shù)名詞: 名詞復(fù)數(shù) / 冠詞名詞單數(shù)20. Runner eats well. 跑步選手吃得好。1) 構(gòu)詞法:在動(dòng)詞后面加-er或-or,將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)槊~,意思是“做的人”直接加:cleancleaner sing-singer paint-painter wait-waiter report-reporter work-worker teach-teacher speak-speakeract-actor visit-visitor只加-r:dance-dancer write-writer drive-driver雙寫(xiě)尾字母:run-runner swim-swimmer shop-shopper高分突破:1) cook v.烹調(diào) cook n.廚師 cooker n.廚房用具2) 跑步明星: running star () runner star (×)21. Middlebrook High running star Katrina Pedrosa eats a lot of healthy food. Middlebrook高中的跑步明星Katrina Pedrosa吃許多健康的食物。1) a lot of = lots of 可以用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。 Jim drank a lot of/lots of beer.I have a lot of/lots of things to do.2) a lot = a lot of/ lots of +名詞 Do we have some rice at home now ? Yes, we have a lot.3) a lot作狀語(yǔ),表示程度、數(shù)量或頻率。 I like ice-cream a lot. Thanks a lot. I know a lot about it.22.For breakfast, she likes eggs, bananas and apples.早飯她喜歡吃雞蛋,香蕉和蘋(píng)果。1) for 就而言2) have/eat + 三餐 “吃早/中/晚飯” 例如: I usually have lunch at home.have/eat + a + adj. + 三餐 “吃怎樣的早/中/晚飯” 例如:have a rich/ big/quick/breakfast 吃了頓豐盛的/迅速的早餐 We had a quick super tonight.23. How much are these pants? 這褲子多少錢?對(duì)價(jià)格提問(wèn):1) How much ?2) How much cost?3) Whats the price of ?例如: How much is this sweater?= How much does this sweater cost?= Whats the price of this sweater?24. You name it, we have it at a very good price.只要你說(shuō)得出來(lái),我們這里都有并以優(yōu)惠的價(jià)格出售。以怎樣的價(jià)格: at a . price以優(yōu)惠的高的低廉的價(jià)格: at a good/ high/ low price我以優(yōu)廉的價(jià)格買了一雙鞋I buy a pair of shoes at a good price.這件毛衣正在以高價(jià)出售This sweater is on sale at a high price.高分突破:price和high、good、low等詞搭配使用。things(東西)和expensive、dear、cheap等詞搭配使用。例如:The price of this coat is high. = This coat is expensive.The price of my trousers is low. = My trousers are cheap.容易犯的錯(cuò):The price of these pants is expensive.My glasses are low (price).25. We have T-shirts in red, green and black. 我們出售紅色,綠色和黑色的T恤衫。同義句:We have red T-shirts, green T-shirts and white T-shirts.n.+ in + 顏色 顏色n. 例如:She has a new orange jacket. = She has a new jacket in orange.n. + in all colors 各種顏色的 例如:各種顏色的毛衣: the sweaters in all colors各種顏色的水: the water in all colors高分突破:在n. + in all colors這個(gè)短語(yǔ)中,若中心詞是可數(shù)名詞則應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:各種顏色的帽子:the caps in all colors () the cap in all colors (×)26. We have black and blue hats for $15. 我們以15美元出售黑藍(lán)色的帽子。1) 同義句:We sell black and blue hats at the price of $15. for + money = at the price of + money 以(具體的)價(jià)格2) buy sth. for + money 以(具體的)價(jià)格買了什么 buy sth. for + sb. 給某人買了什么 例如: I bought a pair of red socks for $3. I bought a pair of red socks for my daughter.27. Huaxing Clothing Store Sale1! 華興服裝店大減價(jià)!1) sale n. 出售2) great sale 大減價(jià)at great sale 在大減價(jià)期間,例如:come and buy some clothes for you at great sale.3) on sale 正在出售,例如:Look! The cute toy bears are on sale!4) for sale 待售, 例如:This house is for sale!高分突破:sell v. 賣Is that book on sale in you store? = Do you sell that book?sell sth. to sb. 把什么賣給某人. 語(yǔ)法精講名詞1. 含義名詞表示人或事物的名稱或抽象概念,可在句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。2. 分類1)名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞。 人名:Gina, Lin Wei, Mr. Bush etc. 節(jié)日:Christmas, Teachers Day etc.專有名詞 地名:Chongqing, China, America etc. 時(shí)間:Sunday, September etc. 機(jī)構(gòu),團(tuán)體等:CCTV, WTO etc. 個(gè)體名詞:strawberry, baseball, drum etc. 集體名詞:class, family, people, police etc.普通名詞 物質(zhì)名詞:water, meat, sea etc. 抽象名詞:work, surprise etc.高分突破:專有名詞前一般不加冠詞。帶有冠詞的專有名詞:由普通名詞或形容詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。例如: the Great Wall the Summer Palace由“普通名詞+專有名詞”或“專有名詞+普通名詞” 構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。例如: the New York Times表示全體國(guó)民的專有名詞前。例如: the Chinese表示“一家人”或“夫婦”的專有名詞前。例如: the Greens 報(bào)刊、書(shū)籍、雜志的專有名詞前。例如: the Times團(tuán)體機(jī)關(guān)、學(xué)校、醫(yī)院、公共建筑的名稱前。例如: the United Nations江湖、海洋、山脈等名字的專有名詞前。例如: the Yellow River 可數(shù)名詞:可以用數(shù)目計(jì)算,有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。例如: event, documentary, tomato etc.2)按名詞的可數(shù)性 不可數(shù)名詞:不可以用數(shù)目計(jì)算,一般沒(méi)有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。例如: rice, broccoli, beef etc. 單數(shù)名詞:指單個(gè)的可數(shù)物體。例如: a runner,an orange ect3)按可數(shù)名詞及其形式 復(fù)數(shù)名詞:指兩個(gè)或以上的可數(shù)物體。例如: some watches, three uncles etc.3. 名詞的數(shù)1) 一般名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式高分突破: 以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞,變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí),直接加-s。eg the little Marys 小瑪麗們 以下以f, fe結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí),直接加-s。roof roofs (房頂) chief chiefs (首長(zhǎng)) safe safes (保險(xiǎn)箱) 以下以o結(jié)尾的外來(lái)詞,變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)直接加-s。zoo zoos radio radios photo photos piano pianos kilo kilos video videos2) 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化:sheep sheep deer deer Chinese Chinese Japanese Japanesefish fish man men woman women foot feet tooth teethchild children mouse mice3) 復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式詞的構(gòu)成特點(diǎn)變復(fù)數(shù)的方法例詞由若干部分組成并含有一種中心詞(指人的詞) 將中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式 son-in-law (女婿)sons-in-lawgrandchildgrandchildren(孫子)looker-on (旁觀者)lookers-on 組成部分均為表示人的主體詞 (特別注意由man, woman組成的復(fù)合詞)各組成部分都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式 woman doctor(女醫(yī)生)women doctorman teacher(男老師)men teachers 組成部分沒(méi)有中心詞 最后一個(gè)組成詞上加 -s grown-up (成年人)grown-upsgo-between(中間人)go-betweens 4) 只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞 scissors(剪刀), trousers(褲子), glasses(眼鏡), savings(積蓄)earnings(工資), arms(武器), thanks(感謝),goods(貨物),clothes(衣服), chopsticks(筷子)5) 一些名詞以s結(jié)尾,但一般用單數(shù)economics(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)),physics(物理),tennis etc.高分突破:1) 有一些不可數(shù)名詞在使用時(shí)常常被誤作為可數(shù)名詞使用,因此應(yīng)特別注意。例如: advice(意見(jiàn)),labor(勞動(dòng)),information(信息、消息),furniture(家具),traffic(交通)。2) 一些表示度量的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式在使用時(shí)表示單數(shù)含義,因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如: Two years isnt a long time to us. 兩年的時(shí)間對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)不長(zhǎng)。4名詞的格1) -s所有格形式的構(gòu)成 大多數(shù)單數(shù)名詞后加 's 構(gòu)成其所有格形式。例如: Sallys address 莎莉的地址 my cousins nationality 我表弟的國(guó)籍 以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞(特別是名詞復(fù)數(shù)),在 s 后加 '例如: the teachers' office 老師們的辦公室 three minutes walk 三分鐘的路程 復(fù)合詞和由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞表示共有關(guān)系的詞組,在最后一個(gè)名詞后加所有格符號(hào)'s。例如: Mary and Linda's birthday 瑪麗和琳達(dá)的生日如果兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞表示分別的擁有關(guān)系,則在每個(gè)名詞后分別加 'S。例如: Mary's and Linda's birthdays 瑪麗的生日和琳達(dá)的生日2)以of加名詞組成 of 屬格例如: the color of the sweater 毛衣的顏色 the name of the movie 電影的名字3)在以下情況中,只能用of與 's 構(gòu)成雙重所有格 所有格所修飾的名詞前面有一個(gè)數(shù)量詞或一個(gè)指示代詞that時(shí),要用雙重所有格(數(shù)量詞包括 a,two,some,no,any,few等)。例如: an aunt of Mary's(=one of Mary's aunts)瑪麗的一個(gè)阿姨some photos of my mothers 我母親的一些照片that son of Mr. Smith's 史密斯先生的那個(gè)兒子that smile of the boy's 那個(gè)孩子的微笑 4)名詞所有格的省略式 當(dāng)名詞所有格所修飾的名詞在前面已出現(xiàn)過(guò),為避免重復(fù),往往省略。例如: I need your trumpet, not Bill's. 我需要你的喇叭,不是比爾的(喇叭)。 當(dāng)被所有格修飾的名詞表示店鋪、教堂或某人的家時(shí),這一名詞省略。例如: I'm going to the tailor's to get my dress. 我要去裁縫店拿我的衣服。 We'll visit St. Paul's (cathedral). 我們將參觀圣保羅教堂。 They took part in the birthday party at Tom's. 他們參加了在湯姆家舉行的生日聚會(huì)。高分突破:1) 不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞所有格的構(gòu)成形式與單數(shù)名詞的相同。例如: the children's movie 孩子們的電影 the Women's Day婦女節(jié)2) 在以下兩個(gè)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)使用的時(shí)候,注意其名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。例如: Mary and Linda's birthday 瑪麗和琳達(dá)的生日 Mary's and Linda's birthdays 瑪麗的生日和琳達(dá)的生日3)“'s”與“of”兩種所有格的區(qū)別。 “'s”所有格形式多用于表示有生命的名詞,或表示與人類活動(dòng)有關(guān)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、機(jī)構(gòu)等名詞。例如: Tom's books 湯姆的書(shū)today's newspaper 今天的報(bào)紙 “of”所有格主要表示無(wú)生命的東西。例如: the ticket of Chinese Kung Fu show 中國(guó)功夫表演的門(mén)票the price of the pants 褲子的價(jià)格 表示類別或?qū)傩詴r(shí),只能用“'s”所有格形式。例如: a women's college 女子學(xué)院children's books 兒童讀物a college of the women 那些女人的學(xué)院 所有格中的名詞后面有定語(yǔ)(如現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)或介詞短語(yǔ)等),只能用“of”所有格形式。例如: It is the violin of the boy speaking to the teacher 這是正同老師說(shuō)話的那個(gè)男生的小提琴。 He is a student of Fifth Middle School in Xi'an 他是西安第五中學(xué)的學(xué)生。 當(dāng)所有格中的名詞是以定冠詞加形容詞的形式出現(xiàn)時(shí),只能用 of 構(gòu)成的所有格形式。例如: the happiness of the old 老年人的幸福 the problems of the young 年輕人的問(wèn)題5 名詞的句法功能 1)在句中作主語(yǔ)例如: The show is very boring. 這個(gè)節(jié)目很無(wú)聊。2)作表語(yǔ)例如: My brother is a reporter.我弟弟是個(gè)記者。3)作賓語(yǔ)或復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)例如: He finished his task on time.他按時(shí)完成了他的任務(wù)。We made Tom our captain.我們選湯姆為我們的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。4)作定語(yǔ)例如: pen pal 筆友5)作狀語(yǔ)例如: The meeting lasted two hours. 會(huì)議持續(xù)了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 Wait a moment. 等一會(huì)兒。 He was late for class this morning. 今天早晨他上課遲到了。6)作同位語(yǔ)例如: Mr. Smith, the movie star, is speaking now. 電影明星史密斯先生,正在講話。 We students should study hard. 我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。 代詞1. 含義代詞是為了避免重復(fù)而用來(lái)代替名詞的詞,大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的作用。2. 人稱代詞1) 表示“我”、“你”、“他(她、它)”、“我們”、“你們”、“他們”的詞叫做人稱代詞。2) 變化形式 數(shù) 人稱 詞義 格單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)一二三一二三我你他 她 它我們你們他們主格Iyouhe she itweyouthey賓格meyouhim her itusyouthem3) 用法 人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語(yǔ)。例如: He comes from Brazil. 人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語(yǔ)。例如:Let her play the piano for you.高分突破:1) 當(dāng)幾個(gè)代詞同時(shí)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其順序一般是:?jiǎn)螖?shù):you, he and I 復(fù)數(shù):we, you and they.例如: You, he and I are in the same school now. We, you and they must come here on time.2).表示國(guó)家、大地、船只、月亮等名詞常用she來(lái)替代(sun則常用he)。例如: China is my motherland. She isnt what she used to be. 3. 物主代詞1)