天津市高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第四部分 閱讀表達(dá) 專題二十一 概括主旨和要義課件

專題二十一概括主旨和要義專題二十一概括主旨和要義-2-考情概覽主旨大意題要求考生概括出文章主旨、標(biāo)題,或者文章中某一段落的大意或標(biāo)題,主要考查考生對文章內(nèi)容整體把握的能力,即考查考生的歸納總結(jié)能力。要回答好主旨大意題,考生必須有很強(qiáng)的概括能力或者歸納能力,要善于尋找能夠概括全文的主題段落或者主題句,要分清主旨和細(xì)節(jié)。概括出來的中心意思一定要覆蓋全文或者整個(gè)段落,絕對不可太籠統(tǒng)、離題太遠(yuǎn)或者以偏概全。閱讀時(shí)要注意抓住文章開頭的主題句,把握關(guān)鍵詞和文章最后的結(jié)論。注意文章標(biāo)題可以是完整的句子,可以是簡潔的短語,也可以用問句的形式。-3-1.主旨?xì)w納這種問題要求在把握好全文或某一段內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,對文章或段落的主旨大意進(jìn)行歸納。常用的命題方式有:What is the text mainly about?(No more than.words)What is mainly discussed in the text?(No more than.words)What advice is given in the.paragraph?(No more than.words)在進(jìn)行主旨?xì)w納時(shí),應(yīng)該首先看一看文章首尾段是否對全文進(jìn)行了歸納,如果是這樣,我們通過歸納文章首尾段就能得到文章的主旨;如果上述情況不存在,我們就需要對全文進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。在歸納文章主旨時(shí),一定要注意緊扣能夠體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。常用的回答形式有:名詞短語/動(dòng)詞-ing短語;What/How/Whether+從句/to.;Why +名詞性從句-4-【典例分析】 2So,when Ashley was sixteen,she launched her own website,called GooseHead.She had no idea how big a success it would be,but three years later,the site was the most successful teen site in the USA!It was getting 100,000 hits every day,and Ashley had about 30 employees.What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?(No more than 6 words)_Ashleys GooseHead was a big success.本段說的是Ashley創(chuàng)辦網(wǎng)站,后面的敘述都是在說網(wǎng)站的成功,關(guān)鍵詞是success,由此可得出答案。-5-2.標(biāo)題歸納這種題型非常類似于閱讀理解中的標(biāo)題選擇題,即要求考生在整體把握全文的基礎(chǔ)上,用最簡潔的語言歸納文章的標(biāo)題。常用的命題方式有:What would be the best title for the text?(No more than.words)標(biāo)題歸納和主旨?xì)w納在本質(zhì)上是一樣的,因此一篇閱讀表達(dá)不可能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)兩種題型,其方法也跟主旨?xì)w納相似,考生可以首先找一找句子的主題句,如果有主題句,可以對主題句稍作加工;如果沒有主題句,就需歸納全文。注意:在歸納文章標(biāo)題時(shí),一要注意扣準(zhǔn)能夠體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞,二要語言簡潔,富有吸引力和特色。-6-A AB BC C1Each spring brings a new blossom of wildflowers in the ditches (路溝) along the highway I travel daily to work.2There is one particular blue flower that has always caught my eye.Ive noticed that it blooms only in the morning hours,for the afternoon sun is too warm for it.Every day for approximately two weeks,I see those beautiful flowers.-7-A AB BC C3This spring,I started a wildflower garden in our yard.I can look out of the kitchen window while doing the dishes and see the flowers.Ive often thought that those lovely blue flowers from the ditches would look great in that bed alongside other wildflowers.Every day I drove past the flowers thinking,“Ill stop on my way home and dig them.” “Gee,I dont want to get my good clothes dirty.” Whatever the reason,I never stopped to dig them.My husband even gave me a folding shovel (鏟子) one year to be used for that expressed purpose.4One day on my way home from work,I was saddened to see that the highway department had moved the ditches and the pretty blue flowers were gone.I thought to myself,“Way to go,you waited too long.You should have done it when you first saw them blooming this spring.”-8-A AB BC C5A week ago we were shocked to know that my oldest sister-in-law has a terminal brain tumor (腦瘤晚期).She is 20 years older than my husband and unfortunately,because of age and distance,we havent been as close as we all would have liked.6I couldnt help but see the connection between the pretty blue flowers and the relationship between my husbands sister and us.I do believe that God has given us some time left to plant some wonderful memories that will bloom every year for us.7And yes,if I see the blue flowers again,you can bet Ill stop and transplant them to my wildflower garden.-9-A AB BC C1.What did the author see every morning this spring?(No more than 8 words) 2.Why didnt the author carry the flowers home at last?(No more than 12 words) 3.How did the author feel when the flowers were gone?(No more than 5 words) She saw one particular blue flower. The flowers were gone because of the construction work.She felt regretful/sorry/bad. -10-A AB BC C4.What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 6?(No more than 20 words) 5.What do you learn from the text?(No more than 15 words)The author realized that she would meet her relatives as often as possible and treat them kindly.(Open.) We should grasp the chance to do what we want to.-11-A AB BC CWhere would any of us be if we went to schools where no competition was allowed?How would we know whether we have the ability to be good at a sport or other things?How would we know whether we are making the right effort or whether we are wasting our time?How would we learn the concept of improving our performance?How would we know about setting and meeting goals?Competition serves so many purposes.Competition sets many people on the right path towards understanding what it takes to win.Competition can tell a student when more work,more time or improved studying strategies are needed to catch up with other students who achieve higher grades and better results from their study programs.-12-A AB BC CChildren learn through competition that desires and hard work may not be enough to win recognition,higher grades or rewards.There are times when students must learn that they may not be able to excel(突出) in certain sports or academic areas.Everyone can,however,do their best to support their teams in other ways,even though they are not the star of the team.Students would move on to areas where they are showing advantages and can excel.Competition will force them to stop putting their time into trying to meet inappropriate goals.Unfair competition exists somewhere,but it can teach students about the realities of the world ahead of them.Most importantly,they can get the good lesson that no one can escape being punished for cheating or lying in competition.-13-A AB BC CIt would be impossible to eliminate all competition from a childs school experience.There is no benefit to sending a young person into a world with no lessons learned from competition.-14-A AB BC C1.What is the main idea of the text?(No more than 8 words) 2.How can competition help students achieve higher grades?(No more than 15 words) 3.What lesson can students learn from unfair competition?(No more than 12 words)Competition in school is beneficial to students. By making students know when more work,more time or improved studying strategies are needed.They will be punished if they cheat or lie in competition.-15-A AB BC C4.Whats the meaning of the underlined word “eliminate” in the last paragraph?(No more than 3 words) 5.In your opinion,what is the benefit of competition?(No more than 25 words)Remove./Get rid of. Competition can help us know our advantages and disadvantages so that we can set proper goals.-16-A AB BC CShe had to pack up her bedroom in Virginia Beach,where she lived with her mother,two sisters and brother.She had to say goodbye to her two dogs,who used to sleep in her bed,and to the beach,where she loved to ride waves on her boogie board.But it was time to take the leap,however heartbreaking and awkward it would be.Even at 14,Douglas knew that.So off she went about 1,200 miles to West Des Moines,Iowa,to train with a coach from China and live with a white family she had never met.When she arrived,Douglas thought that she must be the only black person in the state.When she woke up,she always said,“This isnt my bed set.Where am I?”-17-A AB BC CLiang Chow,who had coached the Olympic gold medalist Shawn Johnson,transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world,helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport.And a couple with four young daughters became her second family,nurturing her in Iowa while her real family supported her from afar.That move also was important in Douglass making history.By winning the Olympic all-round title,she became the first black woman to do so.She also became the fourth American woman to win the all-round,following Mary Lou Retton in 1984,Carly Patternson in 2004 and Nastia Liukin in 2008.-18-A AB BC CDouglas won,scoring 62.232 points,and led the competition from beginning to end.Viktoria Komova,who sobbed into her coachs chest when she learned she had lost,won the silver,with 61.973 points.Aliya Mustafina,the 2010 world all-round champion,won the bronze with 59.566 points.The other American in the competition,Aly Raisman finished fourth after losing a tiebreaker(決勝局) to Mustafina.Douglas said she had felt confident all along that she would win.“It was just an amazing feeling,” she said,giggling(咯咯笑).“I was just like,believe,dont fear,believe.” After sacrificing(犧牲) so much,she had no other choice but to push forward,she said.-19-A AB BC C1.Why did Douglas leave her home at 14?(No more than 10 words) 2.How did she feel when Douglas first arrived at the new home?(No more than 5 words) 3.What does the underlined word “skyrocket” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?(No more than 3 words)Because she needed training to be a gymnast. She felt uneasy. Soar./Rise rapidly./Increase suddenly/greatly. -20-A AB BC C4.Is Douglas the first American woman who won all-round?Why do you think so?(No more than 15 words) 5.What do you think of Douglas from the story?Give your reasons.(No more than 20 words)No,she isnt.She is the first black woman to do so.She is strong-minded.After she won the game,she said “I was just like,believe,dont fear,believe.”