高中英語語法 倒裝句課件

倒倒 裝裝定義定義 英語句子的自然語序是英語句子的自然語序是“主語主語+謂語謂語”。如果將謂語。如果將謂語的全部或一部分放在主語之前，這種語序被稱為的全部或一部分放在主語之前，這種語序被稱為“倒裝倒裝”。倒倒 裝裝分類分類分為分為全部倒裝全部倒裝和和部分倒裝部分倒裝：謂語全部放在主語之前，為謂語全部放在主語之前，為全部倒裝全部倒裝；只把助動詞、連系動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前，為只把助動詞、連系動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前，為部分部分倒裝倒裝。倒裝原因倒裝原因一、一、 語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要（如某些疑問句）；語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要（如某些疑問句）；二、為了強(qiáng)調(diào)；二、為了強(qiáng)調(diào)；三、保持句子的平衡或是上下文緊密銜接。三、保持句子的平衡或是上下文緊密銜接。 全部倒裝全部倒裝 （謂語全部放在主語之前）（謂語全部放在主語之前）此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)1.there be句型。句型。其中其中be動詞有時(shí)可用動詞有時(shí)可用exist, live, stand, lie, seem, appear, remain, happen 等詞代替。（全部倒裝）等詞代替。（全部倒裝）1) There is an experienced teacher and many lovely students in the classroom.2) There lay a winding brook in front of an old house.2.方位詞方位詞in, out, there, here, inside, outside, up, down, away, off, downstairs, upstairs等以及等以及now, then置于句首時(shí)，謂語置于句首時(shí)，謂語動詞常用動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run等，并且句子的主語是名詞。等，并且句子的主語是名詞。為以示強(qiáng)調(diào)或?yàn)榱耸骨榫案鷦訛橐允緩?qiáng)調(diào)或?yàn)榱耸骨榫案鷦? 要全部倒裝。（全部倒裝）要全部倒裝。（全部倒裝）1) Away flew the bird which I bought yesterday. 2) Now comes your turn to sweep the floor.注意：注意：主語是人稱代詞時(shí)，仍用自然語序。主語是人稱代詞時(shí)，仍用自然語序。Away they went. (=They went away.)3.直接引語的一部分或全部放在句首時(shí)，有時(shí)用倒裝。直接引語的一部分或全部放在句首時(shí)，有時(shí)用倒裝。（全部倒裝）（全部倒裝） “Whats up, Tom?” asked Mother. “The car is mine,” said Tom.注意：注意：主語是代詞時(shí)，不倒裝。主語是代詞時(shí)，不倒裝?！癟he car is mine,” he said.4.為了句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡的需要為了句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡的需要,或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)狀語或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)狀語(常為介詞短語常為介詞短語)，或?yàn)榱耸股舷挛木o密銜接，有時(shí)將狀語提前?；?yàn)榱耸股舷挛木o密銜接，有時(shí)將狀語提前。（全部倒裝）（全部倒裝）1)They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.2)Nearby were the canoes in which they had come to the island.5.主語太長，表語太短，為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要主語太長，表語太短，為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要,將表語將表語提前。提前。（全部倒裝）（全部倒裝）1）Inside the pyramid are the burial rooms for the kings and queens.2）Gone are the days when we are enslaved.6.such和和be連用作表語時(shí)，也常用倒裝語序。連用作表語時(shí)，也常用倒裝語序。（全部倒裝）（全部倒裝）1）Such was not his intention.2）Such are the facts.部分倒裝部分倒裝部分倒裝把助動詞、連系動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前部分倒裝把助動詞、連系動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前1.用于疑問句。用于疑問句。（部分倒裝）（部分倒裝）1）Shall everything be ready before you arrive?2） What can I do for you?注意：疑問詞作主語或修飾主語時(shí)，主謂不顛倒。注意：疑問詞作主語或修飾主語時(shí)，主謂不顛倒。1） Who can work it out?2） How many students have read this book? 2.用于省略用于省略if的虛擬條件從句中，的虛擬條件從句中，should / were / had 置于置于句首。句首。（部分倒裝）（部分倒裝）1)Had I not adopted my teachers advice, I would have made such a serious mistake.2) Should I earn money, I should live better. 3. so, as, neither, nor, no more 表示前面的情況也適合于另表示前面的情況也適合于另一人或物時(shí)。一人或物時(shí)。(部分倒裝部分倒裝)1） Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 2） If you wont go, neither will I.注意：若只是表示對前面所述內(nèi)容的肯定、確認(rèn)，主謂不注意：若只是表示對前面所述內(nèi)容的肯定、確認(rèn)，主謂不倒裝。倒裝。1)Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 2) Its raining hard. So it is.4. 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞置于句首，如含有否定意義的副詞或連詞置于句首，如hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely, never, not, few, little, neither, nor, not only, hardlywhen, in no case, by no means, no soonerthan, many a time, often 等。等。 （部分倒裝）（部分倒裝）1)Not until the 19th century was the written examination probably known.2)Not only was everything he had taken away, but also his German citizenship.3)Not a single mistake did he make.1. (2012遼寧高考遼寧高考)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago_ having a holiday abroad.A. he had considered B. had he consideredC. he considered D. did he consider【解析】【解析】選選D?？疾榈寡b句。句意?？疾榈寡b句。句意:直到三年前他從教育行直到三年前他從教育行業(yè)退休業(yè)退休,他才考慮出國度假。他才考慮出國度假。Not until位于句首時(shí)位于句首時(shí),主句要用主句要用部分倒裝。故排除答案部分倒裝。故排除答案A和和C。又因?yàn)轭}干中的。又因?yàn)轭}干中的three years ago提示要用一般過去時(shí)提示要用一般過去時(shí),故選故選D?！靖呖兼溄印俊靖呖兼溄印?.（2011福建高考）福建高考）Its nice. Never before_ such a special drink!Im glad you like it. A. I have had B. I had C. have I had D. had I【解析】【解析】選選C?？疾椴糠值寡b。句意：?？疾椴糠值寡b。句意：太好了。我以前太好了。我以前從沒喝過如此特別的飲料！從沒喝過如此特別的飲料！我很高興你喜歡它。表示否我很高興你喜歡它。表示否定意義的詞，如：定意義的詞，如：never, hardly, no, not等放在句首時(shí)，句子等放在句首時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝。而本題所考查的時(shí)態(tài)是強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，要用部分倒裝。而本題所考查的時(shí)態(tài)是強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選C。注意注意1：修飾或連接主語時(shí)，主謂不倒裝：修飾或連接主語時(shí)，主謂不倒裝I have never seen such a performance.注意注意2： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝如否定詞不在句首不倒裝1) Not only is she a good singer, but also she is a good dancer.2) Neither did he watch TV nor did he go to the cinema.5.only + 狀語（副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句）放在句首時(shí)。狀語（副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句）放在句首時(shí)。（部分倒裝）（部分倒裝）1)Only then did I realize the value of reading aloud every morning.2)Only by means of talking can we avoid misunderstanding each other. 1. (2014湖南高考湖南高考)Only when you can find peace in your heart_ good relationships with others.A.will you keepB.you will keepC.you kept D.did you keep【解析】【解析】選選A?？疾榈寡b。句意。考查倒裝。句意:只有當(dāng)你在內(nèi)心中找到和平只有當(dāng)你在內(nèi)心中找到和平,你才能與他人建立起良好的關(guān)系。題干為你才能與他人建立起良好的關(guān)系。題干為only+狀語狀語(從句從句)位于位于句首所引起的倒裝句首所引起的倒裝,主句應(yīng)用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)主句應(yīng)用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),且根據(jù)語境且根據(jù)語境,此處表此處表將來的情況將來的情況,故應(yīng)用將來時(shí)態(tài)。故應(yīng)用將來時(shí)態(tài)?！靖呖兼溄印俊靖呖兼溄印?.（2011湖南高考）湖南高考）Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours _ a decision.A. they reached B. did they reachC. they reach D. do they reach【解析】【解析】選選B?？疾榈寡b結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：討論這個問題數(shù)小。考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：討論這個問題數(shù)小時(shí)后他們才作出決定。時(shí)后他們才作出決定?！癘nly+狀語從句狀語從句”置于句首時(shí)，置于句首時(shí)，主句的主謂要進(jìn)行部分倒裝，即可排除主句的主謂要進(jìn)行部分倒裝，即可排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)前面的過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，這里要用一般過去時(shí)。故選前面的過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，這里要用一般過去時(shí)。故選B。6.“so /such +表語表語/狀語狀語 + that從句從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的結(jié)構(gòu)中的so 或或such引引導(dǎo)的表語導(dǎo)的表語/狀語放在句首時(shí)。狀語放在句首時(shí)。（部分倒裝）（部分倒裝）1）So frightened was she in the darkness that she didnt dare to move at all.2）Such a lovely child is he that all of us love him.7.用于形容詞（名詞用于形容詞（名詞/動詞）動詞）+ as/though的讓步狀語從句中。的讓步狀語從句中。（特殊倒裝）（特殊倒裝）1)Proud as they are, they are afraid to see us.2)Child as he is, he knows a lot.3) Try hard as they would, they could not lift the box.8.方式副詞方式副詞well或頻度副詞或頻度副詞often, many a time, always, once, every two hours,以及以及then開頭的句子。開頭的句子。(部分倒裝部分倒裝)1)Often did I remind him not to do that.2)Many a time has he made the same mistake.9.在在no soonerthan, hardlywhen, not onlybut also句句型中型中, 前面的句子要部分倒裝。前面的句子要部分倒裝。1）No sooner had I reached the station than the train left.2） Hardly had I reached the station when the train left.注意注意: not onlybut also, neithernor連接兩個主語時(shí)不連接兩個主語時(shí)不倒裝倒裝Not only he but also I went to the park.10. 用于表示祝愿和祝福之類的句子中。用于表示祝愿和祝福之類的句子中。(部分或全部倒部分或全部倒裝裝) 1）May you succeed / be happy!2) Long live the Peoples Republic of China!1.(2014大綱版全國卷大綱版全國卷)_the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.A.Not do onlyB.Do not onlyC.Only not doD.Not only do【解析】【解析】選選D?？疾榈寡b結(jié)構(gòu)。句意?？疾榈寡b結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:護(hù)士們不僅想漲工資護(hù)士們不僅想漲工資,而且還想減少工作時(shí)間。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知而且還想減少工作時(shí)間。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,逗號前逗號前面是面是not only位于句首構(gòu)成的倒裝句。位于句首構(gòu)成的倒裝句。not only位于句首引位于句首引導(dǎo)句子時(shí)導(dǎo)句子時(shí),用部分倒裝用部分倒裝,即把助動詞放在主語前面。即把助動詞放在主語前面?！靖呖兼溄印俊靖呖兼溄印?.(2014陜西高考陜西高考)No sooner _ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.A.had Mo YanB.Mo Yan hadC.has Mo YanD.Mo Yan has【解析解析】選選A。考查倒裝。句意?？疾榈寡b。句意:莫言一登上舞臺莫言一登上舞臺,觀眾就報(bào)以觀眾就報(bào)以雷鳴般的掌聲。雷鳴般的掌聲。no sooner.than.一一就就,no sooner所所在的句子用過去完成時(shí)在的句子用過去完成時(shí),位于句首時(shí)要把位于句首時(shí)要把had提前構(gòu)成部分倒提前構(gòu)成部分倒裝。裝。3. (2013遼寧高考遼寧高考)At no time _the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.A. they actually brokeB. do they actually breakC. did they actually breakD. they had actually broken【解析】【解析】選選C?？疾榈寡b。句意?？疾榈寡b。句意:他們絕對沒有違反比賽規(guī)他們絕對沒有違反比賽規(guī)則則,懲罰他們是不公平的。懲罰他們是不公平的。at no time放在句首放在句首,句子要倒句子要倒裝。故排除裝。故排除A和和D兩項(xiàng)。又根據(jù)句中的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)兩項(xiàng)。又根據(jù)句中的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí),所以選所以選C。4.(2013湖南高考湖南高考)Not once _ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.A.occurred itB.it did occurC.it occurredD.did it occur【解析】【解析】選選D?？疾榈寡b句。句意?？疾榈寡b句。句意:邁克爾從來沒想邁克爾從來沒想過有一天他會成為班里的一名頂尖學(xué)生。過有一天他會成為班里的一名頂尖學(xué)生。not為否定為否定詞詞,放在句首用部分倒裝放在句首用部分倒裝,故選故選D。5.(2013新課標(biāo)全國卷新課標(biāo)全國卷) Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _ properly in this hospital.A. can be the patients treated B. can the patients be treatedC. the patients can be treated D. treated can be the patients【解析】【解析】選選B?？疾榈寡b。句意?？疾榈寡b。句意:在這所醫(yī)院里在這所醫(yī)院里,只有醫(yī)生的數(shù)只有醫(yī)生的數(shù)量增加量增加50%,病人才能得到妥善地治療。病人才能得到妥善地治療?！皁nly+狀語狀語”位于位于句首句首,句子用部分倒裝句子用部分倒裝,即把助動詞放在主語之前。由此可知選即把助動詞放在主語之前。由此可知選B。6.(2013福建高考福建高考)Not until he went through real hardship _ the love we have for our families is important.A.had he realizedB.did he realizeC.he realizedD.he had realized【解析】【解析】選選B。考查倒裝。句意。考查倒裝。句意:直到他經(jīng)歷了真正的艱難困直到他經(jīng)歷了真正的艱難困苦苦,他才意識到我們對家庭的愛是重要的。他才意識到我們對家庭的愛是重要的。not until屬于否定屬于否定意義的詞意義的詞,放在句首放在句首,主句要用部分倒裝主句要用部分倒裝,根據(jù)句意可知根據(jù)句意可知realize這這一動作應(yīng)發(fā)生在一動作應(yīng)發(fā)生在went through之后之后,故用一般過去時(shí)故用一般過去時(shí),因此選因此選B?！菊n堂訓(xùn)練】【課堂訓(xùn)練】1.We laugh at jokes, but seldom _ about how they work. A. we think B. think weC. we do think D. do we think2.You forgot your watch when you went out.Good heavens, _. A. so did I B. so I didC. I did so D. I so did3. In the north of our town_ ,which dates back to theMing Dynasty.A. stands an old temple B. an old temple does standC. does an old temple stand D. an old temple stands4. No sooner_ put down the receiver than the telephone rang again.A. he had B. had he C. does he D. he was