新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)3讀寫教程第三版u6

Under the bombs: 1945FOREIGH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY War is cruelty, and none can make it gentle. Gilbert Parker(Canadian novelist and British politician) I am sure that if the mothers of various nations could meet, there would be no more wars. E. M. Forster(British novelist)6UNIT6UNIT Under the bombs: 1945To talk about cruelty of war and its harmful impact on childrens growthTo further understand the textTo apply the phrases and patternsTo master the essay writing skillWarming-up Activities Text Study Language Application SummarySection AWarming-up ActivitiesSection A1. What information do the three pictures convey to us? Life in peace is happy. Children in war live in fear and horror. The war not only ruined their childhood but also cast their future under the cloud of the war.2. What does war inevitably cause? Famine, hunger, disease, epidemic, deteriorated environment,unemployment, declining economy, homeless people 1. Many poor men thought that fighting in the army was an opportunity for_. This seemed much better than the hard work of everyday life. But they soon found out that war was both _.Listen to a talk about American peoples life in the 1800s and fill in the blanks with what you hear.boring and terrifying adventure and excitement 2. Both sides of the war eventually _ a draft (強(qiáng)制征兵).This was when men were _ chosen to enter the army whether they wanted to or not.instituterandomly3. Some women served as_ helping wounded soldiers_.Women had to work very hard to provide for their families. 4. When General Sherman took the Union Army from Atlanta to Savannah he_ much of the land and farms along the way. It was a _ time.nurses in the armyrecoverburned and destroyedscaryListen to a short passage about “Iraq war takes its toll on children” and fill in the missing information.To be continuedThe U.N. Childrens Fund says children in K u r d i s t a n i n n o r t h e r n I r a q are_ and the situation in southern Iraq has become more stable. It says security has improved in Baghdad and the surrounding areas since the so-called troop _began in February.thrivingsurgeBut, UNICEF spokeswoman, Claire Hajaj, tells VOA Iraq is still a _and dangerous place. “Better _does not mean secure. And, the second thing is as we see communities begin to open up because of greater_, we can see the needs that may have been hidden for a long time.”Listen to a short passage about “Iraq war takes its toll on children”and fill in the missing information.securityvolatileaccessTo be continuedListen to a short passage about “Iraq war takes its toll on children”and fill in the missing information.UNICEF says Iraqi children frequently were caught in the _in 2007. It reports hundreds of children lost their lives or were injured by _and many more had their main family wage earner _or killed.More than one million people are _in Iraq. About one half of them are children. Lisa Schlein for VOA news Geneva.crossfire of conflict violencekidnappeddisplacedQuestions Previewing1. Why did American dropped an atomic bomb of Hiroshima in 1945? 2. What impact did the atomic attack have on Japanese civilians?3. What does the history of the atomic bomb show to us?Under the bombs: 19451. What was the possible reason that American dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima in 1945? Under the bombs: 1945American administrations stated that it was military necessity to drop the bomb to end the war with Japan. The only alternative was an invasion in which many US troops would have been killed, and much more Japanese civilians would have lost their lives if the Japanese government hadnt agreed to surrender even at the cost of so many lives.2. What impact did the atomic attack have on Japanese civilians?Humanities The atomic bomb shattered the normal fabric of community life and disrupted the organizations for handling the disaster, with 30 percent of the population killed and the additional 30 percent seriously injured. The bulk of the population found refuge in the surrounding countryside. Within the city, the food supply was short and shelter was virtually nonexistent.Under the bombs: 19453. What does the history of the atomic bomb show to us?Humanities The idea of using nuclear weapons in an attempt to exercise global control is already bankrupt.It is morally bankrupt because it led to the sacrifice of the city contrary to the international law despite the fact that there was military necessityin pursuit of Americas quest to be the global leader.It is practically bankrupt because the actual result was an out-of-control nuclear arms race and secondly, a significant contribution to the Cold War and to the hot wars of Korea and Vietnam.Under the bombs: 1945 Text StudySection AThe war is clearly fixed in my mind :I notice_.I hear _ in the clear brilliant sky.12 distant silver points moving across the sky unfamiliar abnormal humWhat is the beginning of the war look like in the authors memory ? What is the war like in the eyes of the 7-year-old child? (Para.2)It is an extraordinary spectacle. It terrorizes and fascinates me.I am not able to conceive of any danger of the war.Part I presents us the beginning of the war. The author depicts how the bombs exploded_. As war was new to the author, he couldnt _ until he was stopped by his mother when he ran toward the forest.Part I (Paras. 1- _)2at the edge of the forest conceive of any danger Part (paras. 3- _)How they ran away and what they saw and what happened in their flight.5? ? ? ?What do I see on the way to seeking refugee?Why does the author write in detail about his grandfathers situation?How appalling the landscape is after the war ? ?What do I see on the way to seeking refugee? Innumerable terrified, helplessly wandering peoplePeople run in circles.bundles and suitcasesAll highways, roads, country paths are a tangle of wagons, carts, and bicycles. ? ?Why does the author write in detail about his grandfathers situation?Because the author wants to take his grandfather, a victim of war, as a typical example to reveal the helplessness and despair of individuals in the face of the brutal war.? ?How appalling the landscape is after the war?What I see The villages are deserted. The houses are burned out.The battlefields are dense with the garbage of abandoned war equipment, bombedout railway stations, overturned cars.? ?How appalling the landscape after the war is ?What I smellIt smells of gunpowder, and of burning, decomposing meat after a massacre.Part II Paras. 3 - _Part II describes how people _and what happened on their way to flight. The author gave detailed description on how difficult and dangerous his grandfathers situation is in one after another_to show how defenseless people are in the face of war, and then how the _ after a battle stroke their eyes and roused their mind.5evacuated the cityair raidsappalling landscape Why is winter a disaster, a pervasive and constant threat for the poor during the wartime?(Paras.6-8)The war has swallowed all our life necessities: nowhere to shelter, nothing to eat, nothing to get warm. The poor are exposed to more severe weather than in any other time in the year as they cant afford to heat the furnace.Why does my mother stand brooding at the window for hours with fixed stare out into the street? (Paras. 6-8)Because she is worried and helpless. They have nothing to eat, and she doesnt know whether they can survive the severe war.Why does the author regard the metal containeras something valuable? (Para.8)Because they have nothing to eat and the sugar residue inside the container serves as their only nutrition for days.Part III (Paras. 6-_)Part III says that war is the source of other disasters for the civilians: severe shortage of food and other items they live by. Cold winter is another _for the poor and their children. _,even some fruit drops is _ for an entire family to live through for days.threatAnything ediblevaluable8Reflecting on all the suffering the war inflicts, who should be blamed for the loss of our naive childhood and beautiful life?(Para.9)No one can cure our inner heart trauma though the war is over. For whatever, civilians are always the seemingly inevitable victims of the war. Until now, I still cannot figure out the reasons why we should have undergone such suffering of war.Part IV (Para. 9)Part IV describes the authors feeling about the war: It destroyed my childhood, and I still cant find out the reasons why we should endure such suffering as that which is inflicted by war. Main Idea of the TextAs war was new to the author, he couldnt conceive of the danger and he considered the explosion as a spectacle which fascinated him. Later, how they ran away and what they saw and what happened in their flight during the war became a nightmare for him. Besides, he suffered a lot in the winter after the battle, during which the family had nothing to eat and nothing to get warm. In sum, war destroyed his childhood and he still cannot figure out the reasons why they should have undergone such suffering of war.The war started with sudden tremendous roar of bombs exploding. (Para.1)My mother saved me from the danger. (Para. 2)IntroductionHow we ran away . (Para. 3)What happened in our flight. (Para. 4)What we saw after the end of war .(Para. 5)How we survived the winter. (Paras. 6-8)The war destroyed my childhood and I still cant find out the reasons why we should endure such suffering as that which is inflicted by war. (Para. 9)To be continuedUntil today, the beginning of the war was clearly _with all its coloring and emotional intensity. For me, a seven-year-old child, I cant _a single chain of causes and effects the roar of the bombs and my seemingly inevitable death. It s my mothers trembling voice and urgent actions that awaken me to the danger. Were forced to _for the sake of our lives. evacuate the city fixed in my mind relate intoTo be continuedNeedless to say, everyone can sense the dangerous evil has_. As the blaze of battle_, were faced with an increasingly_: deserted villages, solitary, burned-out houses and battle fields _the garbage of abandoned war equipment, bombed-out railway stations and overturned cars. permeated the worldfades awayappalling landscapedense with The war left us homeless and overwhelmed us with hunger and severe cold weather.Human life is now _.In our bitter memory , the war ruinedour _ and destroyed the peaceful beauty of our world. I wonder who can tell us the reason why the civilians got involved in the war and_ so much sufferings.worth next to nothingnaive childhoodwere inflicted with1. radiate from自自發(fā)發(fā)出出2. linewith鋪，墊（某物內(nèi)部）鋪，墊（某物內(nèi)部）3. next to nothing幾乎沒(méi)有；極少幾乎沒(méi)有；極少4. weave ones way around / through / to sth.迂回穿行迂回穿行5. in the direction of 朝朝方方向向自自發(fā)出發(fā)出 (perceived / confidence and energy) Despite the pressure he perceived from the large audience looking only at him, from his inner heart was radiated confidence and energy. radiate from短語(yǔ)逆譯短語(yǔ)應(yīng)用盡管他感受到了被眾多觀眾注目的壓力，但他的內(nèi)心仍散發(fā)出自信和活力。意群提示鋪，墊（某物內(nèi)部）鋪，墊（某物內(nèi)部） (expressive delivery man / in case that)The expressive delivery man lined the box with lots of paper in case that the items inside were damaged. line with短語(yǔ)逆譯短語(yǔ)應(yīng)用快遞員給箱子下面墊了很多紙，以防把里面的東西壓壞。意群提示幾乎沒(méi)有；極少幾乎沒(méi)有；極少 (class A war convict / how dare )As a class A war convict of World War II, how dare he said that he knew next to nothing about the war！next to nothing短語(yǔ)逆譯短語(yǔ)應(yīng)用作為二戰(zhàn)中的甲級(jí)戰(zhàn)犯，他怎么敢說(shuō)對(duì)這次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)一無(wú)所知!意群提示迂回穿行迂回穿行(refugee immigrant / danger has permeated .) The refugee immigrants weaved their way through the forest where danger permeated every corner merely for the sake of their life.weave ones way around / through sth. 短語(yǔ)逆譯短語(yǔ)應(yīng)用難民們?cè)陔U(xiǎn)象叢生的樹林里穿行，只是為了活命。意群提示朝朝方向方向(the sun rising/ reach destination) Moving forward in the direction of the sun rising, well reach our destination before its dark. in the direction of短語(yǔ)逆譯短語(yǔ)應(yīng)用朝著太陽(yáng)升起的方向前進(jìn)，天黑前我們就能到達(dá)目的地。意群提示1. When sb. look back, sb. is / are / feel adj. that 用于表達(dá)“回想往事時(shí)某人的感受”。2. Unable to do sth., sb. do sth. else.用于表達(dá)“由于不能做沒(méi)事，某人開始做另一件事”。3. Sth. be but another sth. for sb., but for sb. else, sth. be 用于表達(dá)“同一實(shí)物在不同情境下對(duì)不同對(duì)象的不同意義”。如今，當(dāng)我回首往事，我很驚訝我居然能如此生動(dòng)地回憶起轟炸開始的情況， 那天的色彩和緊張的情緒仍然清晰地印在我腦海里。原句譯文原句譯文逆譯練習(xí)逆譯練習(xí)Today, when I look back, Im surprised that I recall the beginning so vividly; its still clearly fixed in my mind with all its coloring and emotional intensity. (Line 1, Para.1)句型提煉句型提煉When sb. look back, sb. is / are / feel adj. that 句型提煉句型提煉應(yīng)用提示應(yīng)用提示用于表達(dá)“某人在回想往事時(shí)的感受”。句型應(yīng)用句型應(yīng)用 (drought / dried up) 典型例句想起在去年嚴(yán)重的旱災(zāi)中，所有的湖泊和水井都干枯了，農(nóng)民們依然心有余悸。意群提示W(wǎng)hen the farmers look back to the serious drought during which the lakes and wells all dried up last year, they are still haunted with fear.沒(méi)考慮有危險(xiǎn)，我開始朝著投下炸彈的森林方向跑。原句譯文原句譯文逆譯練習(xí)逆譯練習(xí)Unable to conceive of the danger, I start running toward the forest, in the direction of the falling bombs. (Line 6, Para.2)句型提煉句型提煉Unable to do sth. , sb. do sth. else.句型提煉句型提煉應(yīng)用提示應(yīng)用提示 用于表達(dá)“由于不能做沒(méi)事，某人開始做另一件事”。句型應(yīng)用句型應(yīng)用 (the severity of AIDS / original plan ) 典型例句沒(méi)有考慮到艾滋病的嚴(yán)重程度，該醫(yī)院依然按照計(jì)劃裁減了很多醫(yī)護(hù)人員。意群提示Unable to conceive of the severity of AIDS, the hospital kept their original plan and dismissed a lot of medical workers.對(duì)正常情況下的人們來(lái)說(shuō)，冬天只不過(guò)是另一個(gè)季節(jié)。但是對(duì)于戰(zhàn)時(shí)的窮人來(lái)說(shuō)，冬天是一個(gè)災(zāi)難，一個(gè)無(wú)處不在，持續(xù)不斷的威脅。原句譯文原句譯文逆譯練習(xí)逆譯練習(xí)Winter is but another season for those in normal condition, but for the poor during wartime, winter is a disaster, a pervasive and constant threat. (Line 2, Para.6)句型提煉句型提煉Sth. is but another sth. for sb., but for sb. else, its 句型提煉句型提煉應(yīng)用提示應(yīng)用提示用于表達(dá)“同一實(shí)物在不同情境下對(duì)不同對(duì)象的不同意義”。句型應(yīng)用句型應(yīng)用(a tremendous disaster / psychological trauma)典型例句戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)對(duì)于那些政客來(lái)說(shuō)只不過(guò)是一場(chǎng)輸贏的角逐，但是對(duì)于無(wú)辜的老百姓來(lái)說(shuō)，是一個(gè)巨大的災(zāi)難和永遠(yuǎn)的心理創(chuàng)傷。意群提示W(wǎng)ar is but another competition for the political leaders, but for the innocent civilians, war is a tremendous disaster and permanent psychological trauma. a. Where to, I dont know; but I do understand that flight has suddenly become some kind of higher necessity, some new form of life.(Para.3, L2) 到哪，我不知道， 但是我知道逃跑突然變成了某種必須要做的事情，一種新的生存方式。 b. He cant move; he is paralyzed, another casualty of a landmine. (Para.4, L2) 他不能動(dòng)，已經(jīng)癱瘓了，又一個(gè)地雷的受害者。 c. My mind is always drawn back to that first day in the meadow, the explosions destroying the peaceful flowers and the nave days of my childhood. (Para.9, L1)我的記憶總是被拉回到第一天在草地上的情形，那天，爆炸打破了花叢的寧?kù)o，也打破了我童年的純真時(shí)光。 1. Does war solve problems, or create new ones in todays world? 2. Can you name several factors contributing to a war? 3. How do you think about the relationship between war and peace?War sometimes does help some tough problems such as territory disputes, but it can never solve them once and for all. Losers may take revenge on winners several years later or even decades later, and then wars will continue on and on. Common people will live in constant chaos of war and suffer the most .National hatred between the countries involved in wars will be triggered and will remain in people hearts for many years.1. Does war solve problems, or create new ones in todays world? 2. Can you name several factors contributing to a war? territory expansion or dispute economic crisis terrorism religious conflict It is war that inflicts devastation and destruction. It is peace that facilitates long lasting prosperity and happiness. Any peace brought by war is just temporary. Only the sincere desire for peace radiating from peoples hearts can bring about world peace.3. How do you think about the relationship between war and peace? Watch a video clip ：The Boy in The Striped Pajamas and discuss some questions.在黑暗的理性到來(lái)之前，用以丈量童年的是聽(tīng)覺(jué)嗅覺(jué)以及視覺(jué)。 約翰貝哲曼Childhood is measured out by sounds and smells and sights, before the dark hour of reason grows. John Betjeman Brief introduction :The Boy in The Striped Pajamas The film explores the horror of a World War extermination camp through the eyes of two eight-year-old boys, Bruno and Shmuel. Bruno is the son of the camps Nazi commandant, while Shmuel is a Jewish inmate. Following his father Ralf and his mother Elsa , Bruno moved from Berlin to the countryside after Ralf is promoted to commandant of a Nazi concentration camp. There he knows Shmuel, a boy with striped pajamas. He brings food and plays games with him through the barbed wire fence.To be continued Brief introduction :The Boy in The Striped PajamasSoon they become friends. On the day before Bruno is due to leave, Shmuel reveals that his father has gone missing in the camp. Driven by the curiosity of adventure and sense of sympathy for Shamuel, Bruno promises to help Shmuel find his father in the camp, inside, Bruno is horrified by the dehumanization, starvation and sickness. To everyones shock, the Bruno and Shmuel become victims of the Nazi death camp run by his own father. Video WatchingQuestions for discussionQ.1 What does Bruno look like?Q.2 What does the boy Bruno hear and see in the video? Back 1.What does Bruno look like?The young eight-year-old Bruno has the wide, blue-eyed innocence of the unprotected. What does the boy Bruno hear and see in the video?Kotler, the lieutnants rude attitude towards Pavel, the old Jewish, makes a sharp contrast with his seemingly human nature in the simplicity world of Bruno.Bruno was attracted by the smoke of the sky in the distance which was actually from the chimney in the camp.Pavels tearful eyes aroused Brunos strong sense of sympathy and stirred his confusion. Language ApplicationSection AHow to write a descriptive essay, state an event or tell a story:to be continuedWhen describing the process or some important scenes, chiefly we will use sight, but to some extent we may be able to use touch, hearing, smell, and perhaps even taste. Through the richness of our sense impressions, the readers will gain a picture of a scene vividly.Example from the essay:(1) He sees the airplanes flying at him, sees them violently dip and aim, sees the fire of ammunitions, and hears the roar of the engines passing over his head.(2) It smells of gunpowder and of burning, decomposing meat after a massacre. Everywhere are the corpses of horses, too defenseless in this human war.(3) We have a dilute, sweet drink: our only nutrition for days.to be continuedHow to write a descriptive essay, state an event or tell a story:First, we should have an introduction to put forward our thesis statement which states our dominant impression about a subject.Then, in the main body, we have all the supporting details stated in separate paragraphs.The last part is the conclusion, where we should draw together all the details to provide a final impression.Now, appreciate how this method of writing is reflected in the paragragh 3 ,4 and 5.to be continuedDetail 1: highway, roads, country pathsDetail 2: wagons, carts, bicyclesDetail 3: fatigue of the peopleHow citizens run away( para.3) The suffering and hardship the family endureto be continuedDetail 1: the location of my grandfatherDetail 2: the air raidsDetail 3: my grandfathers reactionHow grandfather gets attacked( para.4)The suffering and hardship the family endureDetail 1: the fading blaze of battleDetail 2: deserted villages, burned-out housesDetail 3: battlefields with garbage of abandoned war equipment, etc.The appalling landscape( para.5) The suffering and hardship the family endureRead the sample essay and see how the description is developed. Topic: Huntington BeachIntroduction: Thesis statement: The place where I feel most comfortable is my hometown of Huntington Beach. Body: Detail 1: The sights of Huntington Beach make me relax and calm.Detail 2: The sounds of Huntington Beach are in perfect harmony.Detail 3: Everything on Huntington Beach has its own unique feel.Conclusion: I find Huntington Beach most comfortable because of its sights, sounds and its unique feel.to be continuedto be continued The place where I feel most comfortable is my hometown of Huntington Beach. Huntington Beach is in California about 40 miles south of Los Angeles. It is known as the surfing capital of the world and the best beach in Orange County.IntroductionPracticeEssay Writingto be continuedBodyI relax as I watch the surfers gently glide over the tumbling ocean wav