高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 語法專題8 動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)課件 新人教版

路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索吾將上下而求索走向高考走向高考 英語英語人教版人教版 高考總復(fù)習(xí)高考總復(fù)習(xí)語法專題復(fù)習(xí)語法專題復(fù)習(xí)第二部分第二部分專題八動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)專題八動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)第二部分第二部分知知 識識 清清 單單2考考 點點 警警 示示3考考 點點 透透 析析1考考 點點 透透 析析 動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)是語法填空中必考內(nèi)容之一，動詞的各種時態(tài)形式都可能考到，不過最?？嫉氖且话悻F(xiàn)在時態(tài)，一般過去時態(tài)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)，以及一般將來時態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，同時還常與非謂語動詞一起考查，做語法填空題時，首先要判斷括號中所給動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞；若是謂語動詞，就要考慮時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣(陳述語氣還是虛擬語氣)、主謂一致四個方面。 其次，在確定謂語動詞的時態(tài)時，我們可從三個方面來進(jìn)行判斷： 1看句子中的時間狀語或時間狀語從句。 2在沒有時間狀語或時間狀語從句時，要看上下文的謂語動詞的形式。 3看是否是特殊句型等。 例如：Suddenly，he found(find) that he had run out of salt.此題考查時態(tài)，因為是講述的過去的故事，故應(yīng)用過去時態(tài)。另外，在寫作中要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂酶鞣N時態(tài)，會使文章更鮮明、生動，更能體現(xiàn)一個考生的英語運用功底。知知 識識 清清 單單 一、動詞的時態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)用法典句例示一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作客觀真理在某些狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時We always care for each other and help each other.We have 3 classes a day.The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.We will not go to the park if it rains tomorrow.動詞的時態(tài)用法典句例示一般過去時過去的動作或狀態(tài)過去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動作在狀語從句中用一般過去時表示過去將來時態(tài)We had a test yesterday.We often played together when we were children.He told us he read an interesting novel last night.She told me that she would come to see me when she visited China again.動詞的時態(tài)用法典句例示一般將來時will/shall do表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動作表示未事先考慮過，即說話時臨時作出的決定will在含有條件、時間狀語從句的主句中表意愿I shall go to swim tomorrow if it is fine.We will die without air or water.My grandmother will be 90 years old next year.Shell tell you if you ask her.動詞的時態(tài)用法典句例示一般將來時be going to do表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈?，這種打算往往經(jīng)過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備表將來，不能用在含有條件、時間狀語從句的主句中Im going to stay at home tomorrow.The little boy is going to learn how to play football.動詞的時態(tài)用法典句例示一般將來時be to do表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、職責(zé)、可能性等A meeting is to be held at 3 oclock this afternoon.You are to report to the police.he about to to表示“即刻：就要”，一般不與時間狀語或狀語從句連用Autumn harvest is about to start.He is about to leave for Beijing.動詞的時態(tài)用法典句例示過去將來時用would do，was/were going to do sth.表過去將來was/were to do sth.和was/were about to do sth.表過去將來常用于賓語從句和間接引語中，表示過去將要發(fā)生的行為或存在的狀態(tài)I knew you would agree.He said he was going to come with us.He said the meeting was to be held the next week.I was about to leave when he came in.He said he would wait until they came back.動詞的時態(tài)用法典句例示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時bedoing表示說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作表近期特定的安排或計劃表示趨向行為的動詞，如come，go，start，begin leave等可用進(jìn)行時代替將來時與always等連用表示贊揚、厭煩等語氣He is teaching English and learning Chinese.I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.The National Day is coming.He is always helping others.動詞的時態(tài)用法典句例示過去進(jìn)行時was/weredoing表示過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生的動作表示某一動作發(fā)生時另一動作正在進(jìn)行It was raining when they left the station.When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasdone表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響表示某一動作從過去某一時間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去在時間或條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時可以代替一般將來時He has gone to Shanghai.I have learnt English for three years.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.動詞的時態(tài)用法典句例示過去完成時haddone表示“過去的過去”表示未曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等，常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended等或者h(yuǎn)oped/planned.to have done過去完成時用于一些固定句型中When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour.I had hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so.I had hardly got home when it began to rain.That was the first time that he had visited Australia.動詞的時態(tài)用法典句例示現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時have/hasbeendoing用來表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(還要繼續(xù)下去)的動作多與all the time，this week，all night等時間狀語，以及for和since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句連用They have been living here for three years.He has been doing the maths problems since 800. 二、動詞的被動語態(tài)各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)用法典句例示被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are done一般過去時was/were done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are being done過去進(jìn)行時was/were being done不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者Rice is grown in South China.The glass was broken yesterday.The project is being carried out.This road was being built this time last year.This novel has been translated into 3 languages.各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)用法典句例示被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時have/has been done過去完成時had been done一般將來時will be done情態(tài)動詞can/may/must be done動作的執(zhí)行者有較長的修飾語出于禮貌，不愿說出動作的執(zhí)行者When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.The cars will be sent abroad by sea.Oil can be turned into energy by burning it.考考 點點 警警 示示 1下面四類動詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。 (1)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動詞，如like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，need等。 (2)表“存在”的狀態(tài)的動詞，如appear，exist，lie，remain，seem等。 (3)表示一時性、非延續(xù)性動作的動詞，如allow，accept，permit等。 (4)表示感官的動詞，如see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。 2always，often等頻度副詞與進(jìn)行時連用表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行為或表達(dá)某種感情色彩，如贊嘆、不滿、厭煩等。如： The girl is always talking loud in public. 這個女孩老是當(dāng)眾大聲喧嘩。 3只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。但cost，have，own，lack，agree with，suffer from，belong to，consist of等及物動詞或及物的短語動詞也沒有被動語態(tài)。 4以下情況常用主動形式表示被動含義。 (1)系動詞feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主動形式表示被動意義，主語通常是事物。如： The material feels very soft. 這種料子摸起來很柔軟。 (2)write，read，clean，sell，wash，cook，open，close，lock等的否定式或與well，badly，easily等副詞連用，主語由內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能使謂語得以實現(xiàn)或不能實現(xiàn)時。如： The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。 (3)cook，bake，make，print，pack，work out等動詞用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)時。如： The fish is cooking. 魚正在煮。