新課標(biāo)高中英語必修2 Unit 3 Computer 全單元教案

新課標(biāo)高中英語必修2 Unit 3 Computer 全單元教案M2 Unit 3 ComputerPeriod 1:Warming up (WHO AM I?) Warming up This section is an introduction to the topicIt is to get the students thinking about the different ways computers can be madeDo this part of the lesson in pairs and as a speaking activityWarming up by talking about computer Look at the pictures on page 17. What are they? What do they have in common? Yes, they are computers. Then what is a computer? A computer is a machine which stores knowledge in its memory and does calculations on that knowledge. This knowledge is stored in symbols; it is called data. A computer usually has a monitor to show results. However, some computers can speak; these computers can be used for voice mail. Draw on the blackboard a diagram to illustrate the influence of the computer and the Internet over the school educationBelow is a diagram you may like to useAsk students to look at the diagram and consider, ”What changes have computers and the Internet brought to schools? What changes will they bring to schools in the future?”Ask the Ss to work in groups and to make a list of the possible changes they can think ofWhen most of the groups have their lists ready, the teacher can hold a class discussionWrite down the major changes the students think of under / beside the diagramThe teacher can add one or two changes that may affect their own teachingFor example, “Computers and the Internet can help busy parents contact teachers by email”The teacher can end the task with a brief summary, or hold a further discussion to find out students' personal opinions about the changesFor example, ask them, “Do you like all these changes? Why and why not? What changes do you like / dislike?”Some information:計(jì)算機(jī)室 A computer frequently requires a boot device. The boot device contains the computers operating system and data. Computer programs can be installed onto a computer. Some people think that computers are less useful if they do not have access to the Internet. They think this because the Internet allows the computers to send and receive data and email across the world. 曙光3000巨型計(jì)算機(jī) A computer is now almost always an electronic device. It usually contains materials which are toxic; these materials will become toxic waste when disposed of. When a new computer is purchased in some places, laws require that the cost of its waste management must also be paid for. This is called product stewardship. In some countries old computers are recycled (melted down) to get gold and other metals. This is dangerous, because this procedure releases the toxic waste into the water and soil. Computers become obsolete quickly. Very often they are given away and new ones replace them within two or three years. This makes the problem worse. Computer recycling is thus common. Many projects try to send working computers to developing nations so they can be re-used and will not become waste as quickly. Computer jargon 計(jì)算機(jī)行話 Computer jargon means words to do with computers and surrounding topics. Knowing what these words mean can help you know more about computers. Some people use these words to impress other people (Also known as buzzwords). Examples of jargon: Bit - The smallest data unit, can either be a “0.” or a “1.”. Byte - unit of data. See also Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte and Nibble CPU Central Processing Unit, Another name for processor Data - Information stored on a computer Disk - A place to store data. Email - Electronic mail. GHz - Gigahertz. Used often incorrectly to describe the speed of a processor. But with some 2.4 GHz processors faster than 3.6 GHz ones, it is clear that it is just a salesman trick. Load - Get data from a disk Nibble - Half a Byte Save - Put data on a disk RAM random-access memory(隨機(jī)存取存儲器), the more the better. USB - Universal Serial Bus（通用串行總線，一種簡化了插接多種附件的薄型插座） WWW - World Wide Web, part of the Internet Period2-3 Pre-reading & Reading Pre-reading This can be a continuation of the Warming UpLet the students discuss the questions set out in the Student's Book1. Questioning and answering What do you know about computer? Electronic machine capable of performing calculations and other manipulations of various types of data, under the control of a stored set of instructions. The machine itself is the hardware; the instructions are the program or software. Depending upon size, computers are called mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers. Microcomputers include desk-top and portable personal computers. A multi-function electronic device that can execute instructions to perform a task. A device that accepts information, processes it, and supplies an output. A computer usually contains memory, a control unit, arithmetic and logical units, and a means for input and output. a programmable hardware component that is controlled by internally stored programs and that can perform substantial computations (including arithmetic and logic operations) without human intervention. A computer typically consists of one or more processing units, memory units, and associated peripheral input and output devices. Related to automation and electronic data processing. The Library of Congress commonly classes most computer-related books in HF5548, QA75-76, Z52, T385, and some TK ranges. a machine for performing calculations automatically calculator: an expert at calculation (or at operating calculating machines) A computer is a device or machine for making calculations or controlling operations that are expressible in numerical or logical terms. Computers are constructed from components that perform simple well-defined functions. The complex interactions of these components endow computers with the ability to process information. If correctly configured (usually by, programming) a computer can be made to represent some aspect of a problem or part of a system. If a computer configured in this way is give 2. Discussing and sharing How have computers changed our lives? Someday soon, if you havent already, youre likely to plug into the computer network nation growing in our midst. Computer terminals, or small computers connected via modem (a modulator/demodulator circuit for encoding/decoding computer chatter) to ordinary telephone lines, should be as ubiquitous as the telephone itself. Theyre a much more useful and humane tool than the phone, and with corporate America behind them the networks will be everywhere-changing our lives more than any technology since the automobile. Joining a computer network is the same as joining a community. Small systems are like villages, where new members are formally welcomed. The larger networks, the Source and CompuServe, for example, are cities-anonymous, full of life and events, but difficult to fit into. II. Reading This is the purpose of the reading and so it is important that the students learn to use all the clues in the text to help them understand the gist of what they are readingSo encourage them to look at the pictures and the heading and guess what the text might be aboutThen ask the class to read the passage silentlyMake sure the students have the chronology of the development of computers in their mindsAsk them: 1. Listening and reading to the recording of the text WHO AM I? Turn to page 18 and listen and read to the recording of the text. Pay attention to the pauses, pronunciation and intonation of the native reader. 2. Reading aloud and underlining expressions Now we are to read the text once again and underline all the expressions in the text. Put them down into your notebook after class as homework. Collocations from WHO AM I? begin as, a calculating machine, be built as, follow instructions from, sound simple, at the time, a technological revolution, write a book, makework, solve problems, become huge, had artificial intelligence, go back to, the size of, go by, change size, become small and thin, get quick, stand there by oneself, be connected by, share information by, talk to, bringinto, deal with, communicate with, serve the human race 3. Reading, identifying and settling Attention, please! It is time to skim the text one more time and identify the difficult sentences. Try analyzing the structures of the difficult sentences and discuss them among your group members. You may also put your questions to me for help. Chat （online）（在線）聊天 To chat is to talk about ordinary things that are not very important. You can chat to one person or to many people. People also use this word now for parts of the Internet where we can talk with many different people at the same time. Usually, you chat on the internet in a chat room or messaging service like AOL(American On-Line) Instant Messenger (AIM), Yahoo Messenger, or MSN Messenger. IV. Closing down by doing comprehending exercises Turn to page 18 and in pairs do the comprehending exercises No. 1 and 2. Reading and transferring Scan the text for information to complete the table below, describing the development of computer. In 1642 In 1822 In 1936 In 1960s In 1970s Answer key: 1642: The computer began as a calculating machine1822: The Analytical Machine was made by Charles Babbage1936: Alan Turing wrote a book to describe how computers could be made to work1960s: Computers had new transistors and became smaller1960s: The first family of computers connected to each other1970s: Computers were brought into people's homesNow: Computers connect people all over the world together V.Explanation1in common: for or by all of a group 共同的；共有的；共用的。in common 常常同have連用，如：have nothing in common 無共同之處have little in common 幾乎無共同之處have something in common 有一些共同之處have a lot in common 有許多共同之處（1）You know, Dorothy, you and I have one thing in common（2）We just had nothing in common and I couldn't communicate with his dull business friends（3）I suddenly felt we had a lot in common2simple-minded: showing very little intelligence 頭腦簡單的；笨的。Richard is smart but he has a lot of simple-minded friendssimple-minded 是一個復(fù)合形容詞，與它結(jié)構(gòu)相同的復(fù)合形容詞還有：absent-minded 心不在焉的 open-minded 虛心的，沒有偏見的narrow-minded 心胸狹窄的single-minded 一心一意的strong-minded 意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的weak-minded 低能的，愚蠢的3make a decision: make up one's mind 作出決定。與make a decision意思相近的詞組有：arrive at / come to / reach a decision。與make連用的常用詞組有：make an attempt, make an effort, make an offer, make a suggestion, make a phone call, make a mistake, make progress 等。4in a way: to a certain extent 在某種程度上。與in a way同義的詞組有in one way 和in some ways。容易與之混淆的詞組是in the way意為“造成阻礙”，請比較：In a way, I like this new textbook very much從某種程度上說，I'm afraid your bike is in the way看來你的自行車擋著道了。5after all1）in spite of what has been said, done or expected 畢竟；終究；歸根結(jié)底。So you've come after all! 你終究還是來了！After all, what does it matter? 歸根結(jié)底，那又有什么關(guān)系呢？2）it should be remembered 別忘了。She should have offered to pay she's a millionaire, after all6watch over: take care of 照料；照管。Could you watch over my dog while I am on holiday? You go swimming, pleaseI'll watch over the clothes here7wander（v.）: to move around in an area or go from place to place without any special purpose; roam 游蕩；閑逛。He was wandering aimlessly up and down the roadHomework: Preview The Present Perfect Passive Voice Period 4: Learning about Language (The Present Perfect Passive Voice) Aims To learn to useThe Present Perfect Passive Voice To discover useful words and expression To discover useful structures Procedures I. Warming up by reading to the tape To begin with, turn to page 18, listening to and reading to the recording of the text WHO AM I? Attention goes to the pauses and intonation, as well as the pronunciation of the reader. II. Discovering useful words and expressions In pairs do the exercises 1, 2 and 3 on pages 19 and 20. You must finish them in 10 minutes. Discovering useful words and expressionsAnswer key for Exercise 1: 1 totally 2 revolution 3 artificial intelligence 4 birth 5 simple-minded   6 go by  7 deal with  8 network 9 truly 10 anywayAnswer key for Exercise 2: revolution; network; went by; totally; truly; simple-minded; Anyway; deal with Answer key for Exercise 3: 1 totally  2 amazed  3 exciting  4 excited  5 cheaply  6 unluckyDiscovering useful structuresAnswer key for Exercise 1: 1. my family and I have been used by billions of people to deal with information . 2I have truly been built to serve the human race . Answer key for Exercise 2: 1A new personal computer has been bought by us2Many problems have been found with our new computer3A PC has been built the way we wanted4Our computer has just been joined to the Internet5The computer has been used every day by us since we bought it6A lot of e-mails have been written on the computer in the past yearIII. Learning about grammar 1. Passive VoiceOverview Tense or Model Passive Sentence Simple Present The TOEFL exam is given every six months. Simple past The TOEFL exam was given last month. Simple Future The TOEFL exam this year will be given on October15. Present Continuous The TOEFL exam is being given every year. Present perfect The TOEFL exam has been given every year since 1950. Past perfect The TOEFL exam had been given before the Vietnam War occurred. Simple Modal The TOEFL exam should be given to every Foreign student. Past Modal The TOEFL exam should have been given to all to enter US colleges. 2. The Present Perfect Passive Voice The structure of The Present Perfect Passive Voice is: have/ has beened IV. Reading aloud and discovering Now go back to page 18 to read aloud and discover in the text examples of The Present Perfect Passive Voice. As the years have gone by, I have been made smaller and smaller. Since then, my family and I have been used by billions of people to deal with information with each other around the world by the Internet. V. Discovering useful structure We shall do grammar exercises 1, 2 and 3 on page 20. VI. Closing down by doing a quiz Correct the mistakes in these passive voice sentences Example: The house was build in 1880. (correct = The house was built in 1880.) 1. 3000 employees were laying off. 2. A story will made up. 3. An idea was putted forward for discussion. 4. Has the book been give back to you yet? 5. My bank loan will be payed off in five years time. 6. Nothing can be hold against me. 7. Our allies will be lend support. 8. She has never heard of. 9. She was being knocked down by a bus. 10. She was letted off with a fine. 11. The candle was blow out by the draught. 12. The criminal were locked up. 13. The flood water was be kept back by barriers. 14. The inconvenience will made up for by this money. 15. The keys must have been being left behind. 16. The old cinema is being pull down. 17. The protesters being held back by the police. 18. The road was blocking off. 19. Thirty more people were laid off last week. 20. Your jacket can be hanged up over there. Period 5: Using Language (ANDY THE ANDROID) Aims To discuss about IT To write a report about IT To read about androids or robots The purpose of this exercise is to encourage students to listen and then use what they have heard to help them fill in a chart about computersIt is an important exercise because it links skills together and uses them to produce a useful piece of writingMake sure the students look at the chart before they listen to the tapeThis is to sharpen their attention and listen for the answersThis will also help them get the gist of the textWhen filling in the chart, the students will have to use their own experience as well as information from the listening textProcedures I. Warming up by talking about IT What is Information technology? Information technology (IT) or information and communication technology (ICT) is the technology required for information processing. In particular the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime. II. Listening and writing Turn to page 21. Look at the pictures and listen to a conversation about different kinds of information technology or IT, discuss and write down in groups the advantages and disadvantages of each kind. III. Speaking and writing The purpose of this exercise is to discuss together and then decide which kind of computer you would like to buy for your schoolThink about what the school needs as well as what you likeLet the students do the exercise in pairs and share their ideas with othersFinally they should write the reportRemember to say which computer you have chosen and give a reasonYou should also say why you did not choose the other computersSuppose you and your partner are going to help choose computers for your school. Now talk about the special things each of the computer can do and write a report to your headmaster. IV. Reading, underlining and speaking This is a speaking activity about designing an androidThe purpose of the activity is not the design but the quality of the discussionSo try to make sure each pair makes a contribution to the finished designThen let them discuss their ideas with another pairPerhaps that will give each pair some more ideas for their androidFinally let students share their ideas with the classIt is said that computers could be put into androids or robots. Read the text AndyThe Android, underlining all the expressions and think of the fun you could have! Expressions from AndyThe Android part of a football team, once a year, get together, play a football game, be asas, in fat, look like, on the football team, run fast, think like a human, shout to, in computer language, have a good shot for a goal, get second place, win the first place, have a new kind of program, improve ones intelligence, create a better system, play against a human team, in a way, programwith, make up, after all, with the help of V. Writing a letter The purpose of this piece of writing is to develop empathy in the studentsThey have to imagine they are androids looking after a family with one childThey need to imagine what problems and delights this android might have to deal withPutting yourself in someone else's shoes is a very important way of understanding how other people feelThis is a very useful exerciseT: Suppose you are an android. What would say to a spoiled child who would not do his homework? Write a letter to the boy. Android An android is an artificially created being that resembles a human being. The word derives from Greek Andr- man, human and the suffix -eides used to mean of the species, kind, alike (from eidos species). The word droid, a robot in the Star Wars universe, is derived from this meaning. Some people maintain that, etymologically, the word android means resembling a male human and that a robot resembling a woman should logically be called a gynoid for sexist language to be avoided; however, this word is not commonly used. Unlike the terms robot (a mechanical being) and cyborg (a being that is partly organic and partly mechanical), the word android has been used in literature and other media to denote several different kinds of man-made, autonomous creations: a robot that closely resembles a human a cyborg that closely resembles a human an artificially created, yet primarily organic, being that closely resembles a human Although essentially human morphology is not the ideal form for working robots, the fascination in developing robots that can mimic it can be found historically in the assimilation of two concepts: simulacra (devices tha