七年級英語Unit2 What is happiness to yougrammar(ppt)牛津版選修六

Module 6 Unit 2 Grammar and Usage一般過去時一般過去時1.1. 一般過去時用來表示過去的動作及狀態(tài)一般過去時用來表示過去的動作及狀態(tài). .表示過去的表示過去的習(xí)慣常用習(xí)慣常用used to do, would doused to do, would do表示表示. . 2.2. 一般過去時常連用表過去的時間狀語，狀語從句甚一般過去時常連用表過去的時間狀語，狀語從句甚至其它類型從句和表過去的地點狀語，地點狀語從至其它類型從句和表過去的地點狀語，地點狀語從句來限定一發(fā)生過的動作句來限定一發(fā)生過的動作. .3. 3. 一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時均表示發(fā)生在過去的動作一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時均表示發(fā)生在過去的動作, ,但前者側(cè)重過去的事實但前者側(cè)重過去的事實, ,后者側(cè)重過去的動作對現(xiàn)在后者側(cè)重過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響的影響. .- My computer wrong although I used it only once. - youd better go to check it.has gonewent*-Long time no see. Havent you graduated from college? -Yes I English for 4 years in Nantong.*-What _ it, Ted? -Just a pain in my shoulder. Its gone now. A. was B. is have studiedstudiedA試比較試比較:1. I cant enter the room now because I _ (lose) my key.2. I cant find my text book now, but I _ (put) it here.have lostput過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時1.1.表示過去某一時刻或時段正在進(jìn)行的動作表示過去某一時刻或時段正在進(jìn)行的動作. .2.2.與與always continually, constantlyalways continually, constantly等詞連用表示過去的等詞連用表示過去的經(jīng)常動作經(jīng)常動作, ,往往帶有感情色彩往往帶有感情色彩. .3.3.用于表述故事的發(fā)生背景用于表述故事的發(fā)生背景 It was getting dark and the wind wasIt was getting dark and the wind wasrising.rising. 過去進(jìn)行時在近年高考中的考查過去進(jìn)行時在近年高考中的考查:1. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. - Where was i? - You _you didnt like your fathers job. (04 北京) A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying 2. You were out when I dropped in at your house. (04 廣東) - Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited CA3. Has Sam finished his homework today? - I have no idea. He _ it this morning. (04吉林) A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 4. Whats wrong with your coat? (05 重慶) - Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it. A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting CD 一般過去時和過去進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別一般過去時和過去進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別 1. 一般過去時表示在過去某時發(fā)生的動作或存在的一般過去時表示在過去某時發(fā)生的動作或存在的 狀態(tài)（包括過去習(xí)慣動作），常與狀態(tài)（包括過去習(xí)慣動作），常與JUST NOW, A MOMENT AGO, YESTERDAY, LAST WEEK(MONTH, YEAR), THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY及表及表示過去示過去 的時間狀語從句。如的時間狀語從句。如 I WAS SIXTEEN YEARS OLD LAST YEAR. HE WORKED IN A FACTORY IN 1986. I MET HER IN THE STREET THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY. HE OFTEN SWAM IN THE RIVER WHEN HE WAS YOUNG.2. 過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一段時間或某一時刻正在過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一段時間或某一時刻正在 進(jìn)行的動作。常與之連用的時間狀語有，進(jìn)行的動作。常與之連用的時間狀語有，AT THAT TIME/MOMENT, (AT) THIS TIME YESTERDAY (LAST NIGHT/SUNDAY/WEEK), AT+點鐘點鐘+YESTERDAY (LAST NIGHT / SUNDAY)，WHEN SB. DID STH等時等時 間狀語從句。間狀語從句。 WHAT WERE YOU DOING AT SEVEN P.M. YESTERDAY? I FIRST MET MARY THREE YEARS AGO. SHE WAS WORKING AT A RADIO SHOP AT THE TIME. I WAS COOKING WHEN SHE KNOCKED AT THE DOOR.3. 一般過去時往往表示某一動作已經(jīng)完成，而過去一般過去時往往表示某一動作已經(jīng)完成，而過去 進(jìn)行時卻表示動作在持續(xù)或未完成。進(jìn)行時卻表示動作在持續(xù)或未完成。 I SAW YOU WHILE YOU WERE SPEAKING TO JOAN. 注意：有的過去時間狀語既可用于一般過去時，注意：有的過去時間狀語既可用于一般過去時， 也可用于過去進(jìn)行時，但含義不同。如：也可用于過去進(jìn)行時，但含義不同。如： SHE WROTE A LETTER TO HER FRIEND LAST NIGHT. 她昨晚給她的朋友寫了封信。（信寫完了）她昨晚給她的朋友寫了封信。（信寫完了） SHE WAS WRITING A LETTER TO HER FRIEND LAST NIGHT. 她昨晚一直在給她的朋友寫信她昨晚一直在給她的朋友寫信.（信不一定寫（信不一定寫 完）完）4. 過去進(jìn)行時的時間狀語從句過去進(jìn)行時的時間狀語從句(1). WHEN 和和WHILE引導(dǎo)的狀語從句引導(dǎo)的狀語從句 WHILE表示一段時間，因此它所引導(dǎo)的狀語表示一段時間，因此它所引導(dǎo)的狀語從從 句中，謂語動詞常用進(jìn)行時態(tài)，如：句中，謂語動詞常用進(jìn)行時態(tài)，如： WHEN/WHILE WE WERE HAVING SUPPER, THE LIGHT WENT OUT.(2). WHEN用作并列連詞時，表示主句動作發(fā)生用作并列連詞時，表示主句動作發(fā)生的的 過程中，另一個意想不到的動作發(fā)生了。過程中，另一個意想不到的動作發(fā)生了。 I WAS WALKING IN THE STREET WHEN SOMEONE CALLED ME. 我正在街上走時突然有人喊我。我正在街上走時突然有人喊我。5. 下面幾種情況不用一般過去時而要用過去進(jìn)行時：下面幾種情況不用一般過去時而要用過去進(jìn)行時：(1). 表示過去某一階段暫時性的習(xí)慣動作時。表示過去某一階段暫時性的習(xí)慣動作時。 TOM WAS GETTING UP AT SIX OCLOCK EVERY DAY THAT WEEK. 湯姆那一周里每天都是六點鐘起床。湯姆那一周里每天都是六點鐘起床。(2). 與與ALWAYS, CONSTANTLY 等連用表示贊美，厭煩等等連用表示贊美，厭煩等感情色彩時。感情色彩時。 JOHN WAS ALWAYS COMING TO SCHOOL LATE. HE WAS ALWAYS DOING GOOD DEEDS FOR THE NEIGHBORS. (3). 用來描寫故事發(fā)生的情景時。如：用來描寫故事發(fā)生的情景時。如： IT WAS A DARK NIGHT. THE WIND WAS BLOWING HARD AND THE RAIN WAS FALLING HEAVILY. A PLA MAN SUDDENLY APPEARED ON THE RIVER BANK. HE WANTED TO CROSS THE RIVER. (4). GO, COME, LEAVE, START, ARRIVE等等位位移動詞移動詞 可用過去進(jìn)行時表示過去將來的含義。如：可用過去進(jìn)行時表示過去將來的含義。如： I WAS LEAVING FOR WUHAN THAT DAY. 那天我正要去武漢。那天我正要去武漢。 SHE WAS COMING LATER. 她隨后就來。她隨后就來。 6. 6. 過去進(jìn)行時表示婉轉(zhuǎn)語氣（只限于過去進(jìn)行時表示婉轉(zhuǎn)語氣（只限于WANT, WANT, HOPE, WONDER HOPE, WONDER 等動詞），用以提出請求等動詞），用以提出請求, ,如：如：I I WAS WONDERINGWAS WONDERING IF YOU COULD HELP ME. IF YOU COULD HELP ME.I I WAS HOPINGWAS HOPING YOU COULD SEND ME HOME. YOU COULD SEND ME HOME.過去完成時過去完成時1. 表示在過去某一時刻或某一動作完成之前的情況表示在過去某一時刻或某一動作完成之前的情況.往往具備往往具備以下兩個特征之一以下兩個特征之一:(1) 句中常用句中常用by, before, until引導(dǎo)過去某一時間狀語引導(dǎo)過去某一時間狀語. They had learned 5000 words by the end of last year. (2) 出現(xiàn)在主從句中出現(xiàn)在主從句中, 兩個發(fā)生在過去的動作有明顯的先后關(guān)系兩個發(fā)生在過去的動作有明顯的先后關(guān)系.Hardly had he run into the room when the rain began to Hardly had he run into the room when the rain began to come down. come down. 2. 2. 表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的希望表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的希望, , 打算打算, , 意圖意圖, , 用于如下動詞用于如下動詞: want, hope, think, : want, hope, think, expect, intend, mean, suppose, plan. expect, intend, mean, suppose, plan.I had meant to buy a present for you in Paris, but my I had meant to buy a present for you in Paris, but my work ran out of my time. work ran out of my time. 過去完成時與一般過去時過去完成時與一般過去時(1). 歷史事實通常用一般過去時表示，如：歷史事實通常用一般過去時表示，如： THEY LEARNED THAT LINCOLN LED THE AMERICAN WAR.HE TOLD THE STUDENTS THAT HITLER KILLED MILLIONS OF JEWS.(2). 過去完成時可以代替一般過去時，表示驚奇過去完成時可以代替一般過去時，表示驚奇.I SAW HER COMING, BUT IN A MINUTE, SHE HAD DISAPPEARED.THEY WANTED TO KEEP IT A SECRET, BUT A FEW DAYS LATER, EVERYONE HAD KNOWN IT.3. 當(dāng)主從復(fù)合句中有after, before 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句時,用過去完成時的地方可用一般過去時.He (had) finished all the homework before his patents got home.After I (had) had a short break, I went on to work out the problem.過去完成進(jìn)行時過去完成進(jìn)行時過去完成進(jìn)行時與過去完成時的區(qū)別在于前者強調(diào)過去某過去完成進(jìn)行時與過去完成時的區(qū)別在于前者強調(diào)過去某個時刻之前動作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行而后者強調(diào)過去某個時刻之前個時刻之前動作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行而后者強調(diào)過去某個時刻之前動作的完成結(jié)果動作的完成結(jié)果. .I was tired out; I had been reading for hours in a I was tired out; I had been reading for hours in a row. row. I had been waiting for nearly an hour before he I had been waiting for nearly an hour before he came. came. 過去將來時過去將來時相對于過去某時即將發(fā)生的動作相對于過去某時即將發(fā)生的動作, 常用于常用于賓語從句中賓語從句中.*No one knew when he was going to come. *I didnt know when they were leaving for Shanghai. 一般將來時一般將來時1. 1. 表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài). . I will be back in a few days. I will be back in a few days.2. 2. 表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣性動作表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣性動作. . Well die without air and water. Well die without air and water. Water will boil if heated. Water will boil if heated. 一般將來時的常見表達(dá)形式一般將來時的常見表達(dá)形式will/ be going to 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別1. will 表示說話人認(rèn)為或相信將會發(fā)生但現(xiàn)在看不見的動作而表示說話人認(rèn)為或相信將會發(fā)生但現(xiàn)在看不見的動作而be going to 表示現(xiàn)在即可看出的現(xiàn)象表示現(xiàn)在即可看出的現(xiàn)象*Its going to rain.*I think the boat will sink when at sea.2. will 表示說話時決定的動作而表示說話時決定的動作而be going to do表示原來的計表示原來的計劃劃*Hold on please. Ill write it down just incase.*The meeting is going to start at 7.be to表示禁止表示禁止, , 命令等命令等. . No one _ leave here without my permission. No one _ leave here without my permission. A. will B. is to A. will B. is to 2. 2. 表示計劃表示計劃, , 安排安排. .Theres to be a sports meeting next weekend. Theres to be a sports meeting next weekend. 3. 3. 表示要求表示要求, , 責(zé)任責(zé)任. .The work is to/should be finished by 7 today.The work is to/should be finished by 7 today.4. Be to 4. Be to 可用于可用于if if 從句從句. .If you are to come tomorrow, I will be very If you are to come tomorrow, I will be very happy.happy.Bbe about to表示最近的將來表示最近的將來, 意味立刻意味立刻, 馬上馬上. 不可和時間狀語連用不可和時間狀語連用.*Tissue please? Im about to sneeze.*Move! The car is about to blow up. be doing英語中某些詞如英語中某些詞如come, go, arrive, leave, stay, do, come, go, arrive, leave, stay, do, take, have take, have 等可以用其進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示將來等可以用其進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示將來. .- Hurry, Tom! youre late.- Hurry, Tom! youre late.- Im coming, mum. - Im coming, mum. 將來進(jìn)行時將來進(jìn)行時1. 表示將來某一時刻或時段正在進(jìn)行的動作表示將來某一時刻或時段正在進(jìn)行的動作. Ill be waiting for you here this time every year. The boss will be enjoying his holiday tomorrow. So call him now. 2. 表示即將或按計劃在未來要發(fā)生的事表示即將或按計劃在未來要發(fā)生的事 情情, 主語為第一人稱時往往含有期盼主語為第一人稱時往往含有期盼 情感情感.Ill be seeing my grandma next month. They will be separating in the summer. 將來完成時將來完成時表示在將來某一時間之前完成的動作表示在將來某一時間之前完成的動作, , 并往往對將來某一并往往對將來某一時間產(chǎn)生影響時間產(chǎn)生影響. . 通常與通常與byby引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用. .By tomorrow morning the weather will have cleared By tomorrow morning the weather will have cleared up. up. By the end of this month the project will have By the end of this month the project will have been finished.been finished. 近年高考中時態(tài)考查示例近年高考中時態(tài)考查示例例例1： 考查過去完成時考查過去完成時例題例題：2001上海春：The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A.has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed解析解析：by (the end of ) last month是過去完成時的典型的時間狀語. 懸掛大橋是被設(shè)計, 用過去完成時的被動形式. 答案: B演變演變: John and I _ friends for eight years. We first went to know each other at a Christmas partyBut we _ each other a couple of times before that.A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seenC. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen點撥點撥：約翰和我(到現(xiàn)在)已經(jīng)做朋友8年, 用現(xiàn)在完成時; 后面是在過去某時間前已經(jīng)見過幾次, 用過去完成時. 答案: D小結(jié)小結(jié)：過去完成時描述一動作先于另一動作完成，可由時間狀語來反映，如：by, by the end of, before, after等；但更多的是由句子含義來決定。例例2： 考查一般將來時考查一般將來時例題例題：2004高考全國卷：Lets keep to the point or we_ any decisions.Awill never reach Bhave never reached Cnever reach Dnever reached解析解析： 本題考查一般將來時的基本用法， 理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)和含義：讓我們緊扣主題,否則的話,我們將達(dá)不成任何決定. 答案: A演變演變: 06江蘇卷34 ：A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A. is B. are C. wasD. were點撥點撥：a poet and artist一個詩人兼畫家,做主語用單數(shù)謂語形式;時態(tài)是明天下午將來, 用進(jìn)行時表將來. 答案: A小結(jié)小結(jié)：對于一般將來時的掌握，特別要能記住和區(qū)分它的各種表達(dá)形式， 如：be to do sth, be doing, be going to do, will do, be about to do, 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來等。例例3： 考查過去進(jìn)行時考查過去進(jìn)行時例題例題： Shirley a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished.Ahas written Bwrote Chad written Dwas writing解析解析：本題一定要考慮后半句“但是我不知道他是否已完成”， 所以應(yīng)理解成去年（我看到他時），他當(dāng)時正在寫一本書。用過去進(jìn)行時。答案：D演變演變: 2005太原質(zhì)檢：- Sorry to have interrupt you. Please go on.- Where was I ?- You _ you didnt like your fathers job.A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying點撥點撥：注意情景隱藏的時間狀語: 在你被打斷的時候,你正在講.用過去進(jìn)行時. 答案:C小結(jié)小結(jié)：現(xiàn)在的題目一般不會給你明顯的時間狀語，往往要很好地理解情景，去挖掘隱含的時間狀語。