【志鴻優(yōu)化設(shè)計】高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題情態(tài)動詞外研版

個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途封面?zhèn)€人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途作者： Pan Hongliang僅供個人學(xué)習(xí)語法專題六情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞表示說話人的語氣和情緒， 本身詞義不全， 不能單獨作謂語， 后面必須與動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有的情態(tài)動詞有過去式?？键c一can 與 could1表示能力，但could 主要指過去的能力。表示“過去有能力成功做成某事”時通常用 was/were able to。個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途The little boy can speak two foreign languages.Could the girl read before she went to school?Everyone was able to escape when the fire broke out.2表示可能（理論上或是邏輯判斷上，并不涉及此事真的發(fā)生） ，常譯為“往往會，有時候可能會”，常用于肯定句中。Accidents can happen on rainy days.3表示請求和允許。在問句中could 語氣比 can 要委婉。You can go back home now.4表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。How can you be so careless?5表示推測，常用于否定句和疑問句中，語氣較強。He can't be in the classroom；the light is not on.6 cannot/never.too/enough.表示“再 也不為過”。You can never be too careful when driving a car.7 cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不，只好做某事”。You cannot choose but go with me.考點二shall1用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中，表示命令、許諾、警告、強制、威脅、決心等；此外，頒布法律、規(guī)定時也用 shall 。The new law shall come into effect next month.2用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ街甘?。Shall the man standing outside have a try?考點三must1表示主觀上的“必須，應(yīng)該”，其否定形式 mustn't 表示禁止。對比： have to 表示客觀上的“不得不”，可用于各種時態(tài)。You must listen carefully in class.Students mustn't play with mobile phones in class.I had lost my key， so I had to wait outdoors.2表示“非要，偏要”做某事，表達出說話者的一種不滿情緒。Why must you be talking so loudly when others are sleeping?3表示對具體事情的推測，意為“一定，肯定”，語氣較強，只用于肯定句中。He must come from America.考點四should1表示義務(wù)，常譯為“應(yīng)該”，用于各種人稱。Parents should take care of their babies.2表示預(yù)測可能性，譯為“可能，（按道理）應(yīng)該”，多指對未來合乎理想的情況或結(jié)果的一種期盼。It's nearly 8 o'clock.He should be here at the moment.3表示驚訝、意外等，常譯為“竟然，居然”。I am surprised that you should speak ill of me.4用在 if條件句中，表示可能性很小的一種虛擬語氣，常譯為“如果”。If I should see him， I would tell him the news.考點五will與 would1表示意愿，用于各種人稱的陳述句中。wouldIf you will read the book， I'll give it to you.常指過去的意愿。2表示請求，用于疑問句。would語氣較委婉。Will you close the window?3表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動作，常譯為“總是，慣于”。would的動作或某種傾向，后面接表示動作的動詞，不能接表示狀態(tài)的詞。對比：可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生used to 表示過去的習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài)，強調(diào)現(xiàn)在已不存在。個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途He would sit in the park which used to be a factory reading for hours.考點六may 與 might1表示請求、允許、許可，might 比 may 語氣委婉。You may use my bike.2表示推測， 常用于陳述句中，語氣比較弱， 把握性不大。 might 語氣比 may 還要弱。He may go out.3 may as well動詞原形，意為“最好，倒不如 ”。You may as well do it at once.4 may well 動詞原形，意為“完全能，很可能”。Her appearance has changed so much thatyou may wellnot recognizeat firstsight.5 may用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。May you return in safety.考點七need 與 dare1二者都可以作為情態(tài)動詞和行為動詞。當作情態(tài)動詞時，后面要接動詞原形，通常用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中。用作行為動詞時，其變化和一般的動詞相同，有人稱和數(shù)的變化，構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句時要借助于助動詞do，does，did 。dare 用作行為動詞，用于否定句和疑問句時，常省略后面的to 。You needn't hurry； he needs to dress up.The little didn't dare（ to ） go out at night alone.2need 作行為動詞時，若主語為動作的承受者時用動詞的主動形式表示被動意義或用不定式的被動形式。The house needs repairing. The house needs to be repaired.3 I dare say為習(xí)慣說法，意為“我想，大概”。I dare say she dare not speak to her father in this manner.考點八情態(tài)動詞表推測1 can， may， must 皆可用來表示推測。1）在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能性。在含義上“ must”語氣最肯定，太肯定的可能性，而can 表示理論上的可能性?！癿ay”表示不2）在否定句中只能用“ cannot ”和“ may not ”。“can't ”（不可能） 語氣比“ may not ”（可能不、也許不）更強。3）在疑問句中只能用“ can”，不能用“ may”和“ must”。Accidents can happen on such snowy days.Look ， there is an accident must have happened just now.But it can't have been Mikesome bloodon the road ；， for I saw himin the school.2 should與 ought to可以表示對未來情況的一種期盼，常譯為“按理應(yīng)當”。He should/ought to be here on time he started early.考點九情態(tài)動詞 have done1 could have done的疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生的行為表示懷疑或不肯定，其中 couldn'thave done 多用于語氣強烈的否定，意為“過去不可能做過”。could have done在肯定句中表示“本來能做但卻沒做”。The accident could have been avoided；the driver couldn't have slowed down.2 may/might have done表示對過去行為的推測，意為“可能做過”。might所表示的可能性比較弱，此外might have done還可表示“本可能做而實際上未做”，含有輕微的責備語氣。You might have given him more help， though you were busy with your work.3must have done 表示對過去行為的推測，意為“一定， 想必做過”， 語氣十分肯定。It must have rained yesterday， as the ground is wet.4 should/ought to have done用于肯定句時，表示本該做某事，而實際上未做；用于否定句時，則表示不該做某事反而做了。You oughtn't to have been late for the meeting， as it was very important.5 needn't have done表示本來不必做某事而實際上卻做了。個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途I actually needn't have bought so much food only three people came.6 had better have done 用于事后的建議，含輕微責備的口吻，意為“當時最好做了某事”。I had better have started earlier.1（2012·課標全國高考）I _use a clockto wake me up because ateach morning the train comes by my house.A couldn'tB mustn'tC shouldn'tD needn't2（2012·全國高考）I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if Isixo'clock_ find the money.A canBmight3（2012·北京高考）C would We_ theD needdifficultytogether， butwhy didn'tyou tellme?A should faceB might faceC could have facedD must have faced4（2012·天津高考）It's quite warm here； we _ turn the heating on yet.A couldn'tB mustn'tC needn'tD wouldn't5（2012·上海高考）The new law statesthatpeople_ driveafterdrinkingalcohol.A wouldn'tB needn'tC won'tD mustn't6（2012·重慶高考）_ you interruptnow？ Can'tyou see I'm on the phone? Sorry Sir ，but it's urgent.A CanBShouldC MustD Would7（2012·江蘇高考）Days later， my brother called to say he was all right，but _ say where he was.A mustn'tB shouldn'tC wouldn'tD mightn't8（2012·江蘇高考）Happy birthday! Thank you ！ It's the best present I _for.A should have wishedBmust have wishedC may have wishedD could have wished9（2012·江西高考） We _ have boughtso much food now thatSuzie won't bewith us for dinner.A may notB needn'tC can'tDmustn't10（2012·遼寧高考） One of our rulesis that every student _ wear schooluniform while at school.A might B couldCshall D will11（2012·陜西高考） I _ thank you too much for all your help to my sonwhile we were away from home.A won't B can'tCcan D will12（2012·四川高考） I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese， and Isaid “Ni Hao ，” just as I_do in China.A must B mightC can D should13（2011·全國高考）If you _ smoke， please go outside.A can BshouldC must D may14（2011·北京高考）I don't really like James.Why did you invite him? Don't worry.He _ come.He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.A must notB need notC would notD might not15（2011·北京高考）I _ worry about my weekend I always have my plansready before it comes.A can'tB mustn'tC daren'tDneedn't個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途16（2011·江蘇高考）I leftmy handbag on the train， but luckilyit to a railway official. How unbelievable to get it back！ I mean ， someone _ it.A will have stolenBmight have stolenC should have stolenDmust have stolensomeone gave17（2011·福建高考） Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you _， in case he comes late for the meeting.A will B must C may D can18（2011·浙江高考） How's your new babysitter? We _ ask for a better one.All our kids love her so much.A shouldB mightCmustn'tD couldn't19（2011·四川高考）The policestillhaven'tfound the lostchild， butthey'redoing all they _.A canBmayC mustDshould20（2011·重慶高考）Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night? I wanted to ， but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.A couldB mightCwouldD should21（2011·陜西高考）Will you read me a story， Mummy? OK.You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A mightB mustC couldD shall22（2011·湖南高考）No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playingbasketball. Oh，you are really his big fan.A can Bneed C mustDmight23（2011·遼寧高考） If you _ go， at least wait until the storm is over.A can Bmay C must D will24（2011·江西高考） It_ be thepostman at the door.It's onlysix o'clock.A mustn'tB can'tC won'tD needn't25（2013·河北普通高中教學(xué)質(zhì)監(jiān)）For those who _ go to college， there arestill hundreds of high-paying jobs that only require a high school diploma.A can't B mustn'tC shan'tD needn't26（2013·山西第二次四校聯(lián)考）Mum，I could hardly keep my eyes open. But you _ be so sleepy you didn't get up until 9 this morning.A mustn'tB shouldn'tC wouldn't D needn't27（2013·北京東城區(qū)示范校綜合練習(xí)一）My cousin _ be really shy at timeseven though he is cheerful in general.A shallB should Ccan D must28（2013·云南昆明摸底） Mum， could I play outside with my friends? If you finish your homework， you_do it.A shallB should Cwill D would個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途參考答案1 DA項意為“不能夠，不可以”；B 項意為“禁止，絕對不可”；C 項意為“不應(yīng)該”； D 項意為“不必，不需要”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選D 項，句意：我沒有必要使用鬧鐘把我叫醒，因為每天早晨六點鐘火車都要從我的房子旁邊經(jīng)過。2 Acan“能夠”； might“可能”； would“愿意”； need “需要”。句意：如果我能找到那筆錢，我打算和約翰一起去歐洲度假。故選A 項。3C句意：我們本可以一起面對困難的，但是你為什么不告訴我？could have done sth“本可以做某事”； shoulddo sth “應(yīng)該做某事”；might do sth “可能做某事”，musthave done sth“一定做了某事”，表推測。根據(jù)句意可知選C項。4 C句意：這里現(xiàn)在很暖和，我們還沒有必要打開供暖設(shè)備。couldn't“不能”；mustn't“禁止，不許”； needn't“不必”； wouldn't“不愿，不想”。5D句意：這項新法律說， 人們在喝酒之后禁止開車。故此處用mustn't表示“禁止”。6 C由第一句可知說話者正忙著，不滿意對方的打攪，must 表示與說話者主觀愿望相反或表示一種不耐煩的情緒，常譯成“偏要，偏偏”。 can 表示可能性； should 表示“應(yīng)該”； would 表示“將要，要”，都不符合題意。句意：你現(xiàn)在偏要打攪我，難道你沒看見我正在打電話嗎？對不起，先生。但是有急事。故選C項。7Cmustn't意為“禁止，絕對不可”；shouldn't意為“不應(yīng)該”；wouldn't意為“不愿意，不想”；mightn't意為“可能不，也許不”。句意：幾天后，我弟弟打電話說他很好，但是就是不說他在哪里。8 Dshould have done意為“本應(yīng)該做”；must have done 意為“一定做過”；mayhave done判斷應(yīng)選9B意為“可能做過”；could have done意為“本能夠做，本可以做”。根據(jù)句意D項，表示“這是我能夠希望得到的最好的禮物”。句意：既然蘇西不與我們一起吃晚飯，我們原本不必買那么多食物。needn'thavedone 表示原本不必要做某事，但事實上已經(jīng)做了。10 C句意：我們有一項規(guī)定，每位學(xué)生在校期間都要穿校服。此處shall表示按照法律、條文、規(guī)定必須要做的事情。其他選擇項均無此用法。11B句意：在我們不在家期間，你對我兒子的幫助我感激不盡。can not或 can never與 too much連用表示“再 也不過分”。故選B 項。12 Bmight表示可能性。句意：我走近了，聽見他們在說漢語。然后我就以在中國可能的打招呼方式說了聲“你好”。must“必須， 偏要”， can“能夠， 可能”， should “應(yīng)該”，均不符合句意。13 C此處 must 表示“偏偏，非要”。句意：如果你非要吸煙，請到外面去。14 D句意：我真不喜歡詹姆斯，你為什么邀請他？不要擔心，他有可能不來，他說過他對他的計劃不確定。might “可能”，可能性較小。由句意可知，選D 項。15D句意：我不必擔心我的周末，我總是在周末到來之前做好計劃。can't “不能”；mustn't “禁止，不許”； daren't “不敢”； needn't“不必”。16 B根據(jù)語境可知，手提包失而復(fù)得。這里是猜測，但并不確定，意為“這個手提包可能會被偷”。might 的可能性小。17 Bwill“愿意，要”，用來表示一個人的意愿；must “必須，一定”，用來表示必要性； may “可以”； can “能夠，會”。由空前的I'm afraid可知，此處應(yīng)側(cè)重必要性。句意：我現(xiàn)在通知他日程表的變動嗎？恐怕你必須通知他，以免他開會遲到。故選 B項。18 D句意：你們的新保姆怎么樣？我們不可能再請到更好的了。我們的孩子非常喜歡她。“ We couldn't ask for a better one.”中couldn't與 better連用表示“不可能更好”。如I couldn't agree more.表示“我非常同意”。故選D項。19 A句意：警察仍然沒有找到那個失蹤的孩子，但他們在盡他們所能去尋找他。can“能”， 與句意相符。 do allthey can “做所有他們能做的”。本句完整結(jié)構(gòu)為： they'redoing all they can do to look for him。20 C句意：昨天晚上你為什么不去參加西蒙的晚會？我想去，但我媽媽不讓我晚上那么晚出去。根據(jù)句意可知此處考查一種語氣，表示“不會”用not “不能”； might not“可能不”； should not“不應(yīng)該”。故選wouldn't C 項。could個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途21 D shall 用于二、三人稱肯定句中，表示說話人的允諾、威脅、命令、警告等語氣。此處表示允諾，意為：如果你盡快上床睡覺我就給你讀一個故事。22Acan 表示能力，意為“能夠，會”。句意：在打籃球方面沒有人能夠跟姚明相比。哦，你真是他的超級粉絲。故選A 項。23Ccan “能，可以”； may “可能，可以”； must“必須，一定”； will “愿意，要，會”。 Ifyou must（ do sth. ）“（表示雖不贊同但可允許）如果你一定要 （那么做） ”，是固定句型。句意：如果你一定要去，至少也要等到暴風(fēng)雨停了。故選C 項。24 B根據(jù)題中“ It's only six o'clock.”可知，時間太早，不可能是郵遞員來敲門，所以答案為B 項 can't，表示針對現(xiàn)在的非常有把握的否定推測。25 A句意：對于那些不能上大學(xué)的人來說，仍然有數(shù)以百計的只需高中文憑的高薪工作。 can't “不能”。26 B從后面的 you didn't get up until 9 this morning可知，這里的意思“你不應(yīng)該這么困”，故選B 項。27 C句意：我堂兄有時候會非常害羞，盡管他通常非常歡快。can表示特定情況下的可能性。28 A 答語句意：如果你做完了作業(yè)，你就可以出去跟朋友玩。此處表示允諾，且主語為第二人稱，故只有 A 項正確。個人收集整理勿做商業(yè)用途版權(quán)申明本文部分內(nèi)容，包括文字、圖片、以及設(shè)計等在網(wǎng)上搜集整理。版權(quán)為潘宏亮個人所有This articleincludessome parts,includingtext,pictures,and design. 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