2019-2020年高考英語二輪復習 專題整合突破三 形容詞和副詞.doc
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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復習 專題整合突破三 形容詞和副詞.doc
2019-2020年高考英語二輪復習 專題整合突破三 形容詞和副詞真題試做1(xx山東高考,33)Be _you cant expect me to finish all his work in so little time.AreasonableBconfidentCcreative Dgrateful2(xx山東高考,35)Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.Aheavy BsmoothCflexible Dplex3(xx山東高考,35)Mary and I see each other _,but not as often as we used to.Asooner or later Bonce in a whileCin the end Dmore or less考向分析1考查在具體的語境中形容詞和副詞的詞義辨析,要求考生結合句意和上下文語境作出最佳選擇。2考查形容詞、副詞的比較等級。尤其注意含蓄比較和比較句型中采用的省略形式,分清比較的范圍。3考查比較級的修飾語。包括比較句型中倍數和名詞作狀語時的位置,以及哪些副詞或短語能夠修飾比較級,哪些不能。4考查形容詞和副詞的基本用法。包括形容詞作定語、表語、補語和副詞在句中作狀語,以及習慣搭配問題。 5多個形容詞作定語描述人或事物時,詞序的安排是一個難題,在高考單項填空題中時有出現。熱點例析考點一:形容詞和副詞的基本用法1形容詞在句中的作用。(1)形容詞在句中可作定語、表語和補語。(2)形容詞在句中也可作狀語,用來表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。He was lying in bed,dead.(3)alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身體好)等常用作表語而不用作定語。如:He is an ill man.(錯)The man is ill.(對)She is an afraid girl.(錯)The girl is afraid.(對)(4)twoyearold/200metrelong/oneeyed等復合形容詞中的名詞要用單數,一般只用作前置定語。如:Tom is a twoyearold boy.2副詞在句中的作用。副詞在句中一般用作狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞,也可修飾整個句子。如:Obviously you are wrong.【典例分析】 (xx四川高考,16)I make $2,000 a week.60 surely wont make _ difference to me.Athat a big Ba that bigCbig a that Dthat big a答案為D項。that在此句中是副詞,相當于so的用法,修飾形容詞big。例如:“如此可愛的一個女孩”可表達為that lovely a girl,故選D項。句意:我每周賺2000美元,60美元對我而言根本沒有關系??键c二:形容詞和副詞的詞義辨析 詞義辨析是高考對形容詞、副詞考查的一大熱點。解答此類題的關鍵是要分析具體的語境,結合基本詞義、搭配等來選擇正確的答案。從近幾年全國及各省市高考試題來看,考查頻率最高的形容詞和副詞有even,interested,interesting,yet,hardly,just,therefore,though,too,very,mon,effective,either,ever,fair,however,less,more,nearly,only,purposefully,rather,still,such,surprised,surprising等?!镜淅治觥?(xx浙江高考,10)The research lacks _ evidence,and therefore,its conclusions are doubtful.AsolidBfierceCsevere Dpotential答案為A項。句意:這項研究缺乏可靠的證據,因此,其結論是令人懷疑的。solid意為“可靠的,可信賴的”;fierce意為“強烈的,極度的”;severe意為“非常的,嚴重的”;potential意為“潛在的,可能的”。(xx天津高考,4)The dog may be a good panion for the old._,the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.ABesides BHoweverCTherefore DInstead答案為B項。句意:狗對老年人來說可能是一個好伙伴,然而,需要帶它散步可能就是一個不好之處。besides意為“此外,而且”;however意為“然而”;therefore意為“因此”;instead意為“相反,代替”??键c三:形容詞和副詞的比較等級1對兩者進行同等程度的比較用“as原級as”句型。當as.as 中間有名詞時采用“as形容詞a單數名詞as”和“asmany/much名詞as”的形式。如:This is as good an example as the other is.2對兩者進行不同程度的比較用“not as/so原級as”句型。如:He cannot run so/as fast as you.3表示前者的程度超過后者時用“比較級than”句型。如:Tom works harder than Peter.He is more diligent than his brother.4表示前者的程度不如后者時用“l(fā)ess原級than”句型。如:This book is less interesting than that one.5“比較級and比較級”可用來表示“越來越”。如:It is being colder and colder.6“the比較級,the比較級”表示“越,就越”。如:The busier he is,the happier he feels.7要注意對應句型,遵循前后一致的原則。如:The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.(錯)8要避免重復使用比較級。如:He is more clever/cleverer than his brother.(對)He is more cleverer than his brother.(錯)He is less taller than I(錯)9要避免將主語含在比較對象中。China is larger than any other country in Asia./any country in Africa.(對)China is larger than any country in Asia.(錯)【典例分析】 (xx課標全國高考,26)The result is not very important to us,but if we do win,then so much _.Athe best BbestCbetter Dthe better答案為D項。在該題but后的分句中,if引導條件狀語從句,主句為省略形式,根據句意判斷是對贏和輸兩種情況進行比較,應用比較級形式,可排除A、B項;so much the better為固定短語,意為“那就更好了”。 句意:這結果對我們來說不很重要,但如果我們真的贏了,那就太好了。(xx全國高考,13)Next to biology,I like physics _.Abetter BbestCthe better Dvery well答案為B項。句意:除了生物,我最喜歡物理。注意本題易誤選A項,其實此處并不是把生物和物理作比較,而是把物理與除生物之外的其他學科作比較,故選B項??键c四:比較級和最高級前的狀語1比較級前常用表示程度的副詞(短語)作狀語,常見的有much/a lot/a great deal/a bit/a little/still/even/far/rather等,但是very/quite/fairly一般不用來修飾比較級。如:Yao Ming is much/a lot/a great deal taller than I.2比較級前還常用名詞、數詞和倍數作狀語。如:We have a third as many students as we had last term.The river is three times as long as that one.3最高級常用by far/much或序數詞作狀語。如:The population of China is by far the largest in the world.Africa is the second largest continent.【典例分析】 (xx課標全國高考,29)This restaurant wasnt_that other restaurant we went to.Ahalf as good as Bas half good asCas good as half Dgood as half as答案為A項。如果表示兩個飯店一樣好,應用as good as,在比較句型中,程度狀語應放在第一個as或比較級之前,所以答案為A項。考點五:形容詞作定語時的位置1通常置于所修飾的詞之前,但不定代詞的定語通常在后面。如:Someone strange is asking to see you.Something unexpected happened and we had to make some changes to our plan.2else常放在不定代詞和疑問代詞后面作定語。如:No one else can answer the question.3多個形容詞作定語時的詞序為:大小、長短、高低形狀/年齡、新舊顏色/來源、國籍、地區(qū)、出處/材料/用途。如:an expensive Japanese sports car,those three beautiful large square old brown wood table【典例分析】 One day they crossed the _ bridge behind the palace.Aold Chinese stoneBChinese old stoneCold stone ChineseDChinese stone old答案為A項。多個形容詞作定語修飾一個名詞時,排列的順序為:大小、年齡、形狀、顏色、來源、國籍、質地、用途??键c六:比較級的否定1not用來否定比較級時,只陳述客觀事實。如:Yi Jianlian is not taller than Yao Ming.2no用來否定比較級時,往往帶有感情色彩,對比較的兩者都否定。如:The patient is no better than he was yesterday.病人沒有比昨天好轉。 Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy body.日光和新鮮空氣對身體健康是同樣必不可少的。 3“否定詞不定冠詞形容詞的比較級名詞”或“否定詞比較級”表示“從未,未曾”,常常表達最高級的意義。如:This film is very moving.I have never seen a better one.這部電影很感人,我從沒有看過一部比它更好的?!镜淅治觥?(xx四川高考,12)How was your recent trip to Sichuan?Ive never had _ one before.Aa pleasantBa more pleasantCa most pleasantDthe most pleasant答案為B項。句意:最近你到四川的旅行怎么樣?從來沒有這么愉快過。否定詞never與a more pleasant連用,表示“非常愉快”,相當于最高級含義。the most pleasant是特指,需要有比較的范圍,但是這個范圍并不存在,因此D項錯誤。誤區(qū)警示1形容詞或副詞的辨析易錯點(xx福建高考,32)Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind?Sorry.I returned it to the library just now.Maybe it is still _.Aavailable BaffordableCacceptable Dvaluable【錯混透析】Aavailable意為“可得到的,可找到的”;affordable意為“負擔得起,支付得起”;acceptable意為“可以接受的”;valuable意為“有價值的”。句意:你能借給我飄那本書嗎?對不起。我剛才把它還給圖書館了。也許還能借到它。該題錯選的原因要么是詞匯量不夠,要么是對句意理解不清。(xx遼寧高考,22)We used to see each other _,but I havent heard from him since last year.Aespecially BregularlyCparticularly Dapproximately【錯混透析】B句意:我們以前經常見面,但自從去年就沒有收到他的來信了。especially意為“尤其,特別”;regularly意為“規(guī)則地,定期地”;particularly意為“特別地”;approximately意為“大約地”。根據句意可知B項正確?!窘忸}指導】 做這類題目時,有一定的詞匯儲備是基本條件。在掌握了各選項的詞義的基礎上,結合具體的語境,再通過對句意的理解,做出最恰當的選擇。2比較級、最高級的范圍易錯點(xx全國高考,17)Mr Stevenson is great to work forI really couldnt ask for a _ boss.Abetter BgoodCbest Dstill better【錯混透析】 A該題易誤選C項或D項。句意:為史蒂文森先生工作真好,我實在找不到比他更好的老板了。該句實際是把其他老板與史蒂文森先生進行兩者間的比較,否定詞couldnt與better連用,表達最高級含義?!窘忸}指導】 考查比較級和最高級的題目,分清比較的范圍是關鍵:(1)兩個事物進行比較應用比較級,三個或三個以上事物進行比較應用最高級。做題時既要通過分析數量關系確定使用比較級還是最高級,又要注意通過句意和語境進行判斷,因為很多題目并沒有直接說明是幾者進行比較,而是把數量隱含在句意中。(2)若題目為省略句,應根據語境和語意尋找被比較的對象,然后確定比較的范圍。3比較句型的易錯點(xx陜西高考,17)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be _ the present one.Aas three times big asBthree times as big asCas big as three timesDas big three times as【錯混透析】 B句意:“為下一屆亞運會而正在修建的新體育館將會是目前體育館的三倍大?!盿s.as表示同等比較,當表示倍數的詞作程度狀語時,應放在第一個as的前面?!窘忸}指導】 有關比較句型的題目應注意以下幾點:(1)掌握比較級的幾個熱點句型:同級比較句型:“as原級as”不同級比較句型:“not as/so原級as”表示一者的程度超過另一者的句型:“比較級than”表示一者的程度不如另一者的句型:“l(fā)ess原級than”表示“越來越”的句型:“比較級and比較級”表示“越,就越”的句型:“the比較級,the比較級” (2)做題時,要分析語境含義和句子結構,明確題目符合哪一種句型,要確保句型使用正確,如as.as中間是否是形容詞或副詞的原級、less后面是否錯用了比較級等。(3)比較級前常有副詞或短語作程度狀語,但very/quite/fairly不用來修飾比較級。(4)比較句型中還常用名詞、數詞和倍數作狀語,一定要把這些狀語放在比較級前或同級比較的第一個as前。1(xx濟南一模,13) I am leaving my _ position because I cannot show my capabilities fully here.ApresentBprivateCindividual Dpersonal2(xx山東泰安期末,30) A _ identification card is required when you purchase foreign money from the Bank of China.Avalid BperfectCbeneficial Dflexible3In this lecture,I can only give you a purely _ view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.Aprivate BpersonalCunique Ddifferent4If youre looking for a furnished flat to rent,I think theres a(n)_ apartment in my building.Aempty BbareCfree Dvacant5My work schedule is fairly _,so you can e to me anytime you like.Aavailable BaccessibleCflexible Dchangeable6(xx山東棗莊十八中月考,33)It is _ that he has been addicted to the drugs and has difficulty quitting it.Aobviously BapparentlyCpossibly Dlikely 7(xx山東濰坊重點中學月考,31) The handbook gives_ details about the functions of this washing machine.Asteady BsecureCpotential Dprecise8(xx山東德州期末,28) Childrens ability to adapt to a new environment doesnt e_.It is a result of many experiences.Anormally BspeciallyCnaturally Deventually9(xx山東實驗中學二模,25) The plane will be landing in _ 20 minutes.Please be seated!Areadily BapproximatelyCrandomly Dtypically10The secondhand car Amy bought last month is almost new;_,it is in excellent condition.Abesides Bin addition toCinstead Dyet 11(xx山東鄒平四模,8) After 3 days long journey,the explorers arrived at the destination,_.Aexhausted and hungryBexhausted and hungrilyCexhausting and hungryDexhausting and hungrily12Though small,the oranges sell _,because they taste _.Agood;well Bwell;niceCnicely;well Dnice;good13Do you believe _ little boys could eat _ much food?Aso;so Bsuch;suchCsuch;so Dso;such14Jack,you have earned so much in such a short time!Yes,I have.But I am still _ than you.Abetter off Bmore worse offCworse off Dless badly off15What does this modernday dinosaur look like?The tongue of this animal can be extended _ of its body.Amore than twice the lengthBtwice more than the lengthCmore than the length twiceDmore twice than the length參考答案三、形容詞和副詞命題調研明晰考向真題試做1A考查形容詞。句意:講點道理好不好,你不能指望我在這么短的時間里完成所有的工作啊。reasonable意為“合理的,公道的,通情達理的”;confident意為“自信的,確信的”;creative意為“有創(chuàng)造性的”;grateful意為“感激的,感謝的”。故選A項。2C考查形容詞詞義辨析。heavy“重的”;smooth“順利的,平滑的”;flexible“靈活的,易彎曲的”;plex“復雜的”。句意為“走出家門的職業(yè)媽媽們應該有靈活的時間安排以便能更容易地照顧孩子”。由句意可知,C項符合句意。3B考查短語的辨析。once in a while “偶爾”。句意:瑪麗和我不像以前那么經常見面,我們只是偶爾見見面。sooner or later “遲早”;in the end “最后,結果”;more or less “幾乎,差不多”。創(chuàng)新模擬預測演練1Apresent意為“現在的”;private意為“私有的,私人的,秘密的,私立的”;individual意為“單獨的,個別的,一個人的,獨特的”;personal意為“個人的,私人的,人際的”。句意:我要離開我現在的工作崗位了,因為在這里我不能充分地展示我的才能。2Avalid意為“合法的,有效的”;perfect意為“完美的”;beneficial意為“有益的,有利的”;flexible意為“有彈性的,靈活的”。根據句意判斷應選A項,表示“有效的身份證”。3B句意:“在這次演講中,我只能就如何充實地生活給出純粹個人的觀點并就未來提出一些建議?!眕rivate“私有的,私營的”;personal“個人的,私人的”;unique“獨一無二的,僅有的,唯一的”;different“不同的”。4Dempty意為“空的,沒有任何東西的”;bare意為“赤裸的,光禿禿的”;free意為“有空的,有時間的”;vacant意為“未被占用的”。由于想要租用的是有家具的房子,所以只能選擇D項。5Cavailable意為“可利用的”或指人“有空閑的”;accessible意為“可接近的,可進入的”;flexible意為“有彈性的,靈活的”;changeable意為“可變化的,易變的”。根據句意判斷應選C項。6D該題需要表語,四個選項中只有D項為形容詞,意為“可能的”,其他三項均為副詞。7Dsteady意為“穩(wěn)固的,平穩(wěn)的”;secure意為“安全的,無危險的”;potential意為“潛在的,可能的”;precise意為“準確的,精確的”。句意:本手冊準確地介紹了這種洗衣機的功能。8Cnormally意為“正常地”;specially意為“特別地”;naturally意為“自然地,天生地”;eventually意為“最后,終于”。句意:孩子們適應新環(huán)境的能力不是與生俱來的,而是多次經歷的結果。9Breadily意為“樂意地,很快地”;approximately意為“大約地,近似地”;randomly意為“任意地,隨機地”;typically意為“有代表性地,典型地”。根據句意判斷應選B項,表示“大約20分鐘后”。10Abesides用作副詞時意為“此外,還有”;in addition to為介詞詞組,in addition可相當于besides表示“此外,再說”;instead意為“代替,而不是”;yet意為“然而,可是”。根據句意應選A項。第二句句意:“此外,車況很好?!?1A該題應用兩個并列的形容詞作狀語,說明主語the explorers所處的狀態(tài)。C項exhausting意為“令人疲憊的”,不合句意;答案為A項,表示“又累又餓”。12Bsell well意為“銷路好”;taste nice意為“嘗起來味道好”,taste為連系動詞。13C表示“多”“少”意義的many,much,few,little前面應由so修飾,所以第二個空用so;但是little還有“小”的意思,修飾可數名詞,這時little前面應由such修飾。該句意為“你相信這么小的男孩們能吃這么多東西嗎?”14Cwell off意為“寬裕的,富有的”;badly off意為“貧困的,境況不好的”。根據轉折連詞But表示的邏輯意義判斷,應選C項表示“我仍然不如你寬?!?。15Atwice作定語修飾名詞the length,more than作狀語修飾twice,所以答案為A項。