【立體設(shè)計(jì)】高考英語(yǔ) Unit4 Body language課件 新人教版必修4(課標(biāo)通用)
高考總復(fù)習(xí)一輪用書(shū)立體設(shè)計(jì)走進(jìn)新課堂英英 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)必修4Unit4 Body language話(huà)題:Body language:Cultural differences and intercultural communication(身體語(yǔ)言:文化差異和跨文化交際)功能:1.Prohibition and warnings(禁令和警告)2.Obligation(義務(wù)、責(zé)任)語(yǔ)法:The v.-ing form as the Adverbial(動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作狀語(yǔ))重點(diǎn)單詞:statement,major,greet,represent,association,flight,curious,approach,defend,misunderstand,truly,false,anger,subjective,function,ease,rank,adult重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ):defend against,be likely to,in general,at ease,lose face,turn ones back to,be curious about sth.,major in,approach to (doing) sth.,watch/look out,on the contrary課程解讀課程解讀重點(diǎn)句型1.Tony approached Julia,touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!2.Not all cultures greet each other the same way,nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.3.With so many cultural differences between people,it is great to have some similarities in body language.課程解讀課程解讀要點(diǎn)一:重點(diǎn)單詞1.represent vt.代表;表現(xiàn);描繪;象征;聲稱(chēng);說(shuō)明歸納拓展(1)represent sth./sb.象征某物/代表某人represent.as.把描繪成represent oneself as/to be自稱(chēng)是,聲稱(chēng)represent sth.to sb.向某人說(shuō)明某事,向某人描繪某事(2)representation n. 表現(xiàn),描述,描繪;表現(xiàn)形式make representations to.與進(jìn)行交涉;向提出抗議(3)representative n.代表;代理人 adj.典型的;代理的be representative of 是的代表,是中典型的知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The competition attracted over 500 players representing 8 different countries.這次比賽吸引了代表8個(gè)不同國(guó)家的500多名參賽者。He represented himself as an expert.他聲稱(chēng)自己是一位專(zhuān)家。Let me try to represent my ideas to you in another way.讓我試用另一種方法向你說(shuō)明我的想法。We have made representations to the school,but without success.我們與學(xué)校進(jìn)行了交涉,但沒(méi)有效果。Jay Chou is regarded as a representative of the youth of his generation.周杰倫被看作是他那一代年輕人的典型代表。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)誘導(dǎo)展望represent 作“說(shuō)明,使明白”和“傳達(dá)、表達(dá)”講時(shí)不能直接跟“人”作賓語(yǔ),常用結(jié)構(gòu)為represent sth.to sb.或 represent to sb.sth.。類(lèi)似的單詞有explain,relate(敘述),guarantee,suggest,announce等。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 the company at such an evening party,he has been choosing a suit which will_him best.A.Representing;agreeB.Standing for;matchC.To represent;suitD.To stand for;suit【解析】句意為:為了代表公司出席這樣一個(gè)晚會(huì),他一直在挑中意的套裝。此處應(yīng)為不定式作目的狀語(yǔ);stand for不能用來(lái)代表某單位;suit主要指“服裝的顏色、款式適合”,而match主要指“相匹配”?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The thirteen stars on the flag_the thirteen colonies that have announced independence.A.areB.signC.representD.compare【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。represent “代表”;sign 用作動(dòng)詞,意為“簽名”;compare 意為“比較”。句意為:旗幟上的13顆星代表了已宣布獨(dú)立的13個(gè)殖民地?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)2.curious adj.有好奇心的;有求知欲的;感興趣的歸納拓展(1)be curious about sth.對(duì)某事感到好奇be curious to do sth.極想做某事Its curious that.很奇怪(2)curiously adv.好奇地;奇異地,奇怪地curiosity n.好奇心;好奇;珍品,奇事in/with curiosity=curiously好奇地from/out of curiosity 出于好奇meet/satisfy ones curiosity 滿(mǎn)足某人的好奇心知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)As a little girl,she was curious about the origin of human beings.她還是個(gè)小女孩時(shí),就對(duì)人類(lèi)的起源產(chǎn)生了興趣。I was curious to find out what she had said.我極想弄清楚她說(shuō)了些什么。Curiously enough,a year later exactly the same thing happened again.說(shuō)來(lái)也怪,一模一樣的事情在一年以后又發(fā)生了。In/With curiosity,I didnt feel at all nervous when I faced the audience.令人好奇的是,當(dāng)我面對(duì)觀(guān)眾的時(shí)候,我一點(diǎn)都不感覺(jué)緊張。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Dont be too_about things you are not supposed to know.A.strangeB.amusingC.curiousD.conscious【解析】be curious about “對(duì)感到好奇”。句意為:不要對(duì)你不該知道的事情過(guò)分好奇。strange“奇怪的”;amusing“好笑的”;conscious“有意識(shí)的”?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)3.approach n.接近,逼近,走近;方法,步驟,途徑,道路vt.接近,建議;要求,找商量vi.靠近歸納拓展(1)at the approach of.在快到的時(shí)候make an approach to.對(duì)進(jìn)行探討;向提出要求/建議an/the approach to sth.(待人接物或思考問(wèn)題的)方法、方式、態(tài)度(2)approach sb.on/about sth.與某人接洽/商量某事approach to.接近,近似;約等于;做某事的方法/途徑知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The best approach to learning a foreign language is the study of the spoken language.學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)最好的途徑是學(xué)口語(yǔ)。With the approach of winter,the weather got colder.隨著冬天的臨近,天氣變得更冷了。All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police.所有的通往機(jī)場(chǎng)的路都被警察封鎖了。The scientists are making a scientific approach to the subject.科學(xué)家們正在對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行科學(xué)探討。The time for graduation is approaching.畢業(yè)的日子即將來(lái)臨。Did Mary approach you about lending her some money?瑪麗找你商量過(guò)有關(guān)借錢(qián)給她的事嗎?知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)同類(lèi)辨析approach,way,method與means(1)approach,way,method,means 都有“方式,方法,途徑”之意,但 approach 側(cè)重指待人接物或思考問(wèn)題的方式;way 為一般用語(yǔ);means 指可以得到結(jié)果的手段、方法;method 指有規(guī)律的、有條理的做法,如教學(xué)方法teaching method。(2)表示“做的方法”時(shí)各自的搭配分別是:the approach to (doing) sth.the means of (doing) sth.the method of (doing) sth.the way to do/of (doing) sth.(3)分別與不同兩介詞搭配:with this method/in this method/in this way/by this means知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The traditional approach_with complex problems is to break them down into smaller,more easily managed problems.A.to dealingB.in dealingC.dealingD.to deal【解析】考查approach作名詞,意為“方法,步驟”的含義。構(gòu)成approach to短語(yǔ),其中to是介詞,后跟動(dòng)詞-ing 形式。句意為:傳統(tǒng)的處理復(fù)雜問(wèn)題的方法是把其分解成較容易掌握的較小問(wèn)題?!敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)用 approach,way,means,method完成句子They are trying to find a newto cancer treatment.What do you think of the_theyre dealing with waste water?Only by this_can you learn maths well.They worked out the problem with the same .【答案】approachwaymeansmethod知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)4.defend vt.保護(hù);保衛(wèi)歸納拓展(1)defend sb./sth.from/against sb./sth.保護(hù)某人(某物)免受傷害;保衛(wèi)某人(某物)defend oneself against sth.為自己辯護(hù)defence n.保衛(wèi);保護(hù);辯護(hù);答辯(2)in defence (of.)為了保衛(wèi)()in sb.s/sth.s defence為辯護(hù);在的防備下知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Its the glorious duty for every soldier to defend our country against enemies .衛(wèi)國(guó)抗敵是每個(gè)士兵應(yīng)盡的光榮職責(zé)。All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks.我們所有的警察都接受過(guò)自衛(wèi)訓(xùn)練,能夠?qū)Ω冻值兑u擊。Antibodies are the bodys defences against infection.抗體是身體抵御感染的武器。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)同類(lèi)辨析defend,guard與protect三者都含有“保護(hù)”之意。(1)defend指“保衛(wèi)”、“防御”,指抵御或擊退外來(lái)威脅或攻擊,應(yīng)用范圍很廣,對(duì)象可以是具體的,也可以是抽象的。(2)guard指“保衛(wèi)”、“守衛(wèi)”,指注意觀(guān)察、戒備,以免受可能的攻擊或傷害。(3)protect指“保護(hù)”,以免遭受危險(xiǎn)或傷害等。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Troops have been sent to defend the borders.已派出部隊(duì)去守衛(wèi)邊疆。The dog was guarding its owners luggage.那只狗守護(hù)著主人的行李。They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind.他們擠在一起,免受風(fēng)吹。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The soldiers fought in_of their countrys safety.A.defenceB.purposeC.supportD.spite【解析】in defence of“保衛(wèi)”;in support of“支持”;in spite of “不管;不顧”,B項(xiàng)搭配錯(cuò)誤。結(jié)合句意“士兵們?yōu)閲?guó)家的安危而戰(zhàn)”,故選A項(xiàng)?!敬鸢浮緼5.likely adj.預(yù)期的,可能的adv.可能地知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)歸納拓展sb./sth.be likely to do很可能做;有希望做Its likely+that-clause做是可能的not likely(表示堅(jiān)決不同意)絕不可能,絕對(duì)不會(huì)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Are you likely to be in London this year?今年你可能去倫敦嗎?Its very likely that he will go abroad.=He is likely to go abroad.他很可能要出國(guó)。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)同類(lèi)辨析likely,probable 與 possible(1)likely 是從外表、跡象上進(jìn)行判斷有可能發(fā)生的事,與probable意思接近。它作表語(yǔ)時(shí),主語(yǔ)既可以是人,也可以是物,常用句型:It is likely that.或sb./sth.be likely to.。(2)probable 表示的可能性比possible要大,意為“很可能”,指有實(shí)際依據(jù)或邏輯上合情合理的猜測(cè)。它作表語(yǔ)時(shí),不能用人作主語(yǔ),表示“某人有可能做某事”要用 It is probable that.句型。(3)possible 指客觀(guān)上潛在的可能性,但往往含有希望很小的意味。它作表語(yǔ)時(shí),也不能用人作主語(yǔ),表示“某人干某事是可能的”,常用 Its possible for sb.to do sth.或 Its possible that.句型。另外possible還用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)中,如as.as possible,if possible等。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Its probable that he will come here today.他很有可能今天來(lái)這里。Its possible for him to cover the book in an hour.在一小時(shí)內(nèi)讀完這本書(shū)對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是可能的。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】I think he is_to win,but Im not sure.A.possibleB.likelyC.impossibleD.certain【解析】四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中l(wèi)ikely和certain能用人作主語(yǔ),certain意為“確定的,有把握的”;likely意為“有可能的”,根據(jù)題干中的but Im not very sure.可知此處應(yīng)用likely。句意為:我認(rèn)為他有可能會(huì)贏,但我不確定?!敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The weather is not fine today.I think it is_that hell turn up,though.A.likeB.possiblyC.probableD.maybe【解析】句意為:盡管今天天氣不好,但我想他可能會(huì)來(lái)。Its probable that.意為“某人可能會(huì)”。like 是動(dòng)詞或介詞,不用于It is 結(jié)構(gòu),possibly和maybe是副詞,也不可以?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)二:重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)與句型1.at ease 舒適,快活,自由自在歸納拓展be/feel at ease 感到放松,自在look at ease看上去心情放松ill at ease 不自在,不自然set/put.at ones ease 使放心、放松with ease 容易地,不費(fèi)勁地take ones ease休息;輕松一下知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)He didnt feel completely at ease in the strange surroundings.他在那個(gè)生疏的環(huán)境中感到不那么自在。We fulfilled the job with great ease.我們很容易地完成了這項(xiàng)工作。Please take your ease,you are too tired.你太累了,請(qǐng)放松一下。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】He sat back on the chair,listening to the MP4 and_.A.looking at easeB.looked at easeC.being looked at easeD.to look at ease【解析】looking at ease “看起來(lái)很自在”,作狀語(yǔ),它與 listening to.并列,由于 look 作“看起來(lái)”講時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞,通常用主動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義,故用現(xiàn)在分詞?!敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)2.lose face丟臉歸納拓展(1)lose face為固定短語(yǔ),face前不加任何冠詞、物主代詞等。(2)lose ones face失去面子 save ones face 挽回面子知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)歸納拓展face to face 面對(duì)面(作狀語(yǔ))face-to-face面對(duì)面的(作定語(yǔ))in (the) face of面對(duì),在面前make a face/faces at向扮鬼臉(3)face the enemy毅然面對(duì)敵人face danger/difficulties面臨危險(xiǎn)/困難be faced with面臨,面對(duì)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)He doesnt want to back down and risk losing face.他不想打退堂鼓,怕會(huì)丟臉。Rather than admit failure,Frank made a face in order to save face.弗蘭克為了保全面子,沒(méi)有承認(rèn)失敗,而是做了個(gè)鬼臉。Ive never met her face to face.Weve only talked on the phone.我從沒(méi)有當(dāng)面見(jiàn)過(guò)她。我們只在電話(huà)中交談過(guò)。She is faced with a difficult decision.她面臨艱難的選擇。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】In order not to ,he spent the whole night preparing for the speech of the next day.A.lose heartB.lose faceC.lose voiceD.lose hope【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為:為了不丟臉,他為第二天的演講準(zhǔn)備了一晚上。lose heart“灰心”;lose face“丟臉”;lose voice“失聲”;lose hope“失去希望”。根據(jù)題意選B?!敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn) so much difficulty,the whole group was in disappointment.A.FaceB.Faced withC.To faceD.Facing with【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。此處是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),表原因。be faced with“面臨,面對(duì)”?!敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)3.Not all cultures greet each other the same way,nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.各種文化背景下人們互相問(wèn)候的方式不盡相同,身體接觸和相互間距離的程度也不一樣。(1)not/neither.nor.正式(用于否定句之后)既不又不I wasnt very impressed by his replies,nor his reasons.我對(duì)他的回答印象不太深刻,對(duì)他的理由也是一樣。(2)nor/neither表示“也不”,放到句首引導(dǎo)分句時(shí)要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。Im not going to work today and nor is Alice.我今天不去上班,艾麗斯也不去。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)歸納拓展常用倒裝句式歸納:表示否定的詞或短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí),句子要部分倒裝,如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,at no time,in no way等。not only.but also,hardly/scarcely.when,no sooner.than中如果將not only/hardly/scarcely/no sooner提到句首,該分句倒裝。so,neither,nor表示“也(不)”,放到句首時(shí)引起部分倒裝。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)only修飾狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí),句子倒裝。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,需將表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)提前。here,there,now,then等副詞和表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)置于句首,句子完全倒裝,但主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)不能倒裝。虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有were,had,should等詞,可將if省略,把were,had,should移到主語(yǔ)之前,采取部分倒裝。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Scarcely/Hardly had he sat down at the table,when the phone rang.他剛在桌子旁坐下電話(huà)鈴就響了。Only in Paris can you find bars like this.只有在巴黎你才會(huì)找到這樣的酒吧。Happy as they were,there was something missing.盡管他們很快樂(lè),但總?cè)鄙冱c(diǎn)什么。There goes the last bus.最后一班公共汽車(chē)剛開(kāi)走。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】If you wont go to the party,.A.he will eitherB.neither will heC.he neither willD.either he will【解析】考查倒裝句。句意為:如果你不去參加這次聚會(huì),他也不去。如果前者說(shuō)的否定情況也適合后者,要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序,即neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)。故答案為B項(xiàng)?!敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)三:語(yǔ)法:動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式及其短語(yǔ)可在句子中作狀語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子,用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、方式或伴隨情況等。1.動(dòng)詞的-ing形式或其短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)往往修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作,相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。(1)表示時(shí)間,作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。(有時(shí)可以在動(dòng)詞的-ing形式前加一個(gè)表時(shí)間的連詞,如when,while等)Look out for cars when crossing the street.過(guò)街時(shí)注意車(chē)輛。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)(2)表示原因,作原因狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句。Not knowing how to get there(=As I did not know how to get there),I had to ask the way.因?yàn)椴恢廊绾稳ツ抢?,我只得?wèn)路。(3)表示條件,作條件狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Driving too fast(=If you drive too fast),you will damage the car.如果你開(kāi)車(chē)太快,你會(huì)把汽車(chē)弄壞的。(4)表示伴隨狀況或行為方式,相當(dāng)于并列復(fù)合句。They went into the hall,talking and laughing.(=They went into the hall and were talking and laughing.)他們又說(shuō)又笑地走進(jìn)大廳。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)(5)表示結(jié)果,作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。European football is played in 80 countries,making it the most popular sport in the world.(=European football is played in 80 countries;as a result,it becomes the most popular sport in the world.)歐式足球運(yùn)動(dòng)在80個(gè)國(guó)家開(kāi)展,這使它成為世界上最受歡迎的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)注意:當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)。如果動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)不一致,即為錯(cuò)句。Standing on the top of the mountain,I found the houses below looked like tiny toys.而不可以說(shuō):Standing on the top of the mountain,the houses below looked like tiny toys.當(dāng)我站在山頂上時(shí),我發(fā)現(xiàn)下面的房子就像小玩具一樣。有時(shí)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式短語(yǔ)有自己獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ),稱(chēng)之為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Time permitting,we will go on a trip.時(shí)間許可的話(huà),我們就去旅行。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)誘導(dǎo)展望有些動(dòng)詞的-ing短語(yǔ)可以作句子的獨(dú)立成分,對(duì)全句進(jìn)行解釋或修飾,表明說(shuō)話(huà)者的態(tài)度、觀(guān)點(diǎn)等。此時(shí),不存在其邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)一致的問(wèn)題。例如:generally/frankly speaking一般/坦白說(shuō)來(lái);judging by/from.從判斷;taking everything into consideration總的說(shuō)來(lái)。Frankly speaking,I dont enjoy the performance.坦白地說(shuō),我不喜歡這場(chǎng)演出。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)2.動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系(1)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生,分詞用一般形式。He ran up to her,breathing heavily.他氣喘吁吁地跑到她面前。(2)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作(或狀態(tài)),現(xiàn)在分詞需用完成時(shí)形式having done。Having already seen the film twice,she didnt want to go to the cinema.這部電影她已看過(guò)兩遍,她不想去看了。(3)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的否定形式為not doing與not having done。Not knowing his address,I didnt go to visit him.由于不知道他的地址,我沒(méi)去看他。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】A remote-controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, at least 12 people.A.having been injuredB.having injuredC.injuringD.injured【解析】考查分詞作狀語(yǔ)。分詞與主句的主語(yǔ)之間為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,排除A、D兩項(xiàng);B項(xiàng)在動(dòng)作順序上有誤。句意為:一枚遠(yuǎn)程控制的炸彈昨天在賓館外面爆炸,導(dǎo)致至少12人受傷?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn) such heavy loss,the businessman doesnt have the courage to go on.A.Having sufferedB.SufferingC.To sufferD.Suffered【解析】句意為:這位商人因遭受了重大損失,從而失去了把生意繼續(xù)下去的勇氣。兩個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)一致,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞;當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生時(shí),應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式 having done 來(lái)表示。【答案】A知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn) the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.A.Not completingB.Not completedC.Not having completedD.Having not completed【解析】句意為:(因?yàn)椋](méi)完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目,他們不得不在那兒再待兩周。they與complete之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,“沒(méi)完成項(xiàng)目”發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前,而且非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式應(yīng)將not放于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前,故選C?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)He called the police for help, that the problem was more than he could deal with.A.having been realizedB.to realizeC.realizingD.realized【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為:當(dāng)他意識(shí)到他無(wú)法處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題后,他向警方求助。此題的邏輯主語(yǔ)he與動(dòng)詞realize之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,可排除A、D項(xiàng);又B項(xiàng)不定式用來(lái)表示目的,不符合題意,故被排除?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)