福建省中考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 題型五 閱讀理解課件

題型分析題型分析解題技巧解題技巧真題分析真題分析題型分析題型分析閱讀理解在中考英語試題中是重中之重,分值為45分。它是一種綜合性很強的題型,重點考查考生的詞匯量、語法運用、閱讀速度、理解能力、邏輯思維能力及推理能力、歸納總結(jié)及判斷能力,對各國文化背景的了解程度。中考的閱讀理解題選材廣泛,包括幽默故事、日常生活、人物傳記、科普知識、社會文化、圖表和新聞報道等。題型分析題型分析本大題包括A、B、C、D、E五篇難度適當(dāng)?shù)亩涛?其中A、B、C、D四篇要求考生閱讀材料后,從每小題的4個選項中選出最佳答案。E篇是在一篇短文中留出五個空格,要求考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后所給的五個選項中選出能填入短文空白處的最佳選項,使短文通順、連貫,意思完整。A篇閱讀是屬于比較實用的表格、應(yīng)用文、圖表或配有圖片的文章等,多為細節(jié)理解題。B、C、D篇閱讀逐步加深難度、是考查學(xué)生綜合能力的短文,考查方式多為細節(jié)理解題、詞義猜測題、指代關(guān)系題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題、計算理解題等。解題技巧解題技巧 一、一、 細節(jié)性問題細節(jié)性問題 此類題型最常出現(xiàn)，一般先讀題，帶著問題去閱讀，通常可以在原文原句中找到答案，此時最好把要點用筆畫出來，以免粗心而出錯?；蛘呖梢酝ㄗx全文，在理解文章大意后便可找到答案。解題技巧解題技巧 二、二、 推理判斷題、主旨大意題和詞義猜測題推理判斷題、主旨大意題和詞義猜測題 1. 推理判斷題 先找出信息源，對照選項進行“三對一錯或三錯一對” 的判斷；忌片面思考，尤其是由某一句話而得出片面的結(jié)論。記住一個原則：過于絕對 (all, only, always, never, certainly) 都是不對的。計算題也是推理判斷題中常見的形式，此類試題要經(jīng)過具體的計算才能夠得出正確的答案。文章中經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)許多數(shù)字，它們對解題產(chǎn)生一定的影響。解答此類試題的方法是先理解文章的大意，然后經(jīng)過對比、分析、計算等就能夠得出正確答案。解題技巧解題技巧 2. 主旨大意題 解這種題目時，不要以偏概全（如把文章出現(xiàn)的某一觀點當(dāng)做整篇文章的觀點），或者概括性不夠（把文章某一部分的中心句當(dāng)作全文的主旨），或者概括過度（超出了文章的內(nèi)容）。解題技巧解題技巧 3. 詞義猜測題 解答這類題目時需要對有關(guān)的上下文，甚至整篇文章的內(nèi)容建立準(zhǔn)確、立體的理解才能做出正確答案。有時，命題者為了使他意思表達得更清楚明白，通常用一個同義詞、近義詞或英文解釋來說明此文章中一個比較難的詞或關(guān)鍵詞，因此其中就有可能為我們熟悉的單詞或解釋，用已知的知識，就不難推斷出生詞的詞義來。有時，中考中用指代性的代詞，如it，they，she，he以及其賓格形式來指代前面所出現(xiàn)的名詞，因此涉及此類題目時，我們更要認真細心地找準(zhǔn)前面的名詞。 解題技巧解題技巧三、還原型閱讀理解題。 1.在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上,把握段落與段落之間、句子與句子之間的行文關(guān)系和邏輯關(guān)系。 2.聯(lián)系上下文,找出突破口,先還原位置較明顯的句子,然后把其余的句子逐一回歸原文。對于模棱兩可的句子,可試著回歸原文,反復(fù)誦讀上下文,判斷其位置是否恰當(dāng)。 3.將所有的句子都還原到短文后,再通讀全文,檢查文理是否通順,邏輯是否合理。真題分析真題分析A（2016福州市福州市） What would it be like to be over 100 meters in the air？Besides taking a plane, there is a more interesting and relaxing way to experience it: having a ride on a Ferris wheel (摩天輪). London Eye, England With a height of about 135 meters, the London Eye is the tallest Ferris wheel in Europe. There are 32 cars(轎廂)and each can carry 25 people at most. On the ride, people can get a view of London Tower. Buckingham Palace and Big Ben. One turn takes 30 minutes.真題分析真題分析 High Roller，US It is the worlds tallest Ferris wheel. It is 168 meters tall. High Roller first opened in Las Vegas on March 31st,2014.A ride takes 30 minutes. You can also enjoy videos and music during the ride. Tianjin Eye, China Tianjin Eye is a 120-metertall Ferris wheel. It lies on a bridge over the Haihe River in Tianjin, China. It is the only Ferris wheel in the world to stand on a bridge. The wheel has 48 cars. Each can take eight passengers. People can get good views of the city during the 30minute trip. Roue de Paris France Roue de Paris looks like all other Ferris wheels. It is about 60 meters tall and has 42 cars. But people can move it. Because of this, the big wheel has been to many other places like Manchester in the UK and Bangkok in Thailand.真題分析真題分析 ( ) 1. There are _ cars in London Eye. A. 25 B. 30 C. 32 D. 135 ( ) 2. The tallest Ferris wheel in the world is in_. A. Paris B. Tianjin C. Las Vegas D. London ( ) 3. High Roller is _ meters taller than Tianjin Eye. A. 33 B. 48 C. 60 D. 108真題分析真題分析 ( ) 4. _ is the only one to lie on a bridge. A. London Eye B. High Roller C. Tianjin Eye D. Roue de Paris ( ) 5. Which of the following is TRUE？ A. Tianjin Eye can bring you musical enjoyment. B. Roue de Paris can be moved to many other places. C. London Eye can carry 384 passengers at most on one turn. D. Having a ride on the four Ferris wheels needs the same time.真題分析真題分析1.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題根據(jù)“There are 32 cars”可知倫敦眼有32個轎廂。故選C。2.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題根據(jù)“It is the worlds tallest Ferris wheel”和“High Roller first opened in Las Vegas on March 31st,2014.”可知,世界上最高的摩天輪在Las Vegas。故選C。3.B【解析】推理判斷題根據(jù)“It is 168 meters tall”和“Tianjin Eye is a 120metertall Ferris wheel.”可知High Roller 比Tianjin Eye 高48米。故選B。真題分析真題分析 4. C【解析】細節(jié)理解題根據(jù)“It is the only Ferris wheel in the world to stand on a bridge.”可知Tianjin Eye 是世界上唯一一座建在橋上的摩天輪。故選C。 5. B【解析】細節(jié)理解題由第三段中“You can also enjoy videos and music during the ride.”可知A錯;C錯在London Eye可以乘坐3225=800人;D錯在文中并沒有提到Roue de Paris 轉(zhuǎn)一圈需要多長時間。根據(jù)“But people can move it”可知,巴黎摩天輪可以移動,B選項正確。故選B。真題分析真題分析 B Pollution inside homes and other buildings kills more than 4 million people each year. Many people die as a result of breathing smoke or from cooking over wood-powered or coal-powered stoves. One way to reduce the number of deaths is through cooking equipment powered by the sun. Crosby Menzies, a solar power expert in a South African company, described his latest solar cooker called the“Sol4”,”It is four square meters of mirrors, six to eight meters in length. It is quite a large cooker.”真題分析真題分析 The“Sol-4”works by reflecting (反射)light from the sun off large mirrors. The mirrors direct (把對準(zhǔn))the light at a cooking pan. Then the light heats the pan with solar energy. Within two minutes, the pan is hot enough to cook sausages and onions. In just four minutes, water can be boiled. That is as fast as cooking with natural gas or electricity. The cooker is also much “friendlier” than other models because people do not have to stand in the sun to use it. And people can prepare meals without having to collect firewood or spend money on coal. Such individuals would be less likely to have breathing illnesses from harmful smoke.真題分析真題分析 At present, the cooker only works when the sun is shining. But engineers are working on a way to make it work without sunlight. Each cooker costs about $2,000,which is a large amount of money for most Africans. To solve that problem, Crosby Menzies has crated a non-governmental organization called Solar Cookers for Africa. It plans to raise money through donations to provide poor people with solar cooking equipment.真題分析真題分析 ( ) 1.This passage is mainly about _. A. solar cookers B. smoke pollution C. solar power experts D. breathing illnesses ( ) 2. The“Sol-4”is mainly used to _. A. shorten the time of cooking B. reduce the cost of making cookers C. raise money through donations to help African people D. reduce the number of deaths caused by harmful smoke真題分析真題分析 ( ) 3. The underlined word “individuals” most probably means “” A. cookers B. mirrors C. people D. experts( ) 4. Which of the following about the“Sol-4”is TRUE？ A. It is six to eight square meters of mirrors. B. It can work in any weather condition now. C. It can also heat the pan by lighting firewood. D. It is more environment-friendly than other cookers.真題分析真題分析 ( ) 5. From the passage, we can infer that _. A. the“Sol4”will be designed in a smaller size B. more Africans can use the solar cookers in the future C. the“Sol4”is the first product of the South African company D. the African government will provide poor people with solar cookers真題分析真題分析B1.A【解析】主旨大意題根據(jù)全文可知本文介紹了一種新型的太陽能灶具。故答案是A。2.D【解析】細節(jié)理解題根據(jù)“One way to reduce the number of deaths is through cooking equipment powered by the sun.”以及本段提出的Sol4這個炊具可知:Sol4主要是用于減少因呼吸有害氣體而導(dǎo)致的死亡。故選D。3.C【解析】詞義猜測題根據(jù)“And people can prepare meals without having to collect firewood or spend money on coal.”和“would be less likely to have breathing illnesses from harmful smoke.”可知:這樣的人很少患上呼吸類疾病。因此,“individuals”指的是人。故選C。真題分析真題分析 4. D【解析】細節(jié)理解題根據(jù)第三段介紹的Sol4工作原理可知: 它使用的是太陽能,比其他灶具更環(huán)保。故選D。 5. B【解析】推理判斷題根據(jù)“To solve that problem, Crosby Menzies has crated a non-governmental organization called Solar Cookers for Africa. It plans to raise money through donations to provide poor people with solar cooking equipment.”可以推斷將來越來越多的非洲人會用上太陽能灶。故答案是B。真題分析真題分析 C (2015漳州市) Its very common to meet different people in public places. When I was 12,I got a job in a shop. On my first day at work, I didnt come home for lunch.1._,Dad asked, “Where did you manage your lunch, dear?” I answered, “I made some new friends in the shop, twin brothers, their mom and dad. They were my customers.2._.”Dad was happy that I had made new friends, but he wanted to know what kind of people they might be. Several days later, I asked my friends to come to the shop where I worked and let Dad meet them.真題分析真題分析 Dad was very surprised to find out that the twin brothers were joined at the chest.3._.When Dad asked me about this, I said, “I know that, too. But do you know that their mom has to make all clothes because its too difficult to find anything to fit them? 4._.That day, Joe, the one on the right, made me noodles for lunch.”5._ But to me, what I cared about was that they had difficulty buying clothes and they were good cooks.真題分析真題分析 A. They are also good at cooking B. When I came home at night C. I didnt tell Dad about that before D. They invited me to have lunch together E. To Dad, he might care more about their strange真題分析真題分析C 1. B【解析】由上下文可知,爸爸詢問“午飯是怎么解決的？”應(yīng)發(fā)生在作者晚上回家后,故選B。 2. D【解析】作者沒回家吃午飯是因為朋友邀請他吃午飯,上下文都在談?wù)搇unch,所以“l(fā)unch”是判斷的關(guān)鍵詞,故選D。 3. C【解析】由關(guān)鍵詞“surprised”可推出爸爸事先不知道作者的朋友是一對連體雙胞胎,故選C。 4. A【解析】由后半句“made me noodles for lunch”可知他們擅長烹飪,故選A。 5. E【解析】根據(jù)句式But to me的結(jié)構(gòu)可推出前半句就為To Dad,故選E。真題分析真題分析