高考英語一輪復習 語法梳理代詞13頁Word文檔

高考英語熱點名師調研代詞是高考考查的重點語法項目之一，也是考生容易出錯的項目，因為代詞具有較大靈活性。考生在做代詞選擇填空時最容易犯的錯誤是1）機械地套用語法規(guī)則；2）用漢語思維去分析題意。從高考考查情況看，高考考查最多的是不定代詞，因為不定代詞是整個代詞中最為活躍的部分，其次是名詞性物主代詞和反身代詞。單數復數第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱人稱代詞主格Iyouhe she itweyouthey賓格meyouhim her itusYouthem物主代詞形容詞性myyourhis her itsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshis hers itsoursyourstheirs反身代詞myselfyourselfhimself herself itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves指示代詞this that suchthese those such相互代詞賓格each other one another所有格each others one anothers不定代詞可數one each, many, (a) few ,both, another, either., neither不可數much, (a) little可數不可數any other all some復合不定代詞anyone anybody anything somebody something someone everyone everything everybody nobody nothing疑問代詞who whom whose which what連接代詞who whom whose which what（參見第九講）關系代詞who whom whose which that（參見第十一講）1.人稱代詞在句中作主語用主格，在句中作賓語,則用賓格；She teaches them physics.在句中作表語常用賓格；Who is it? Its me.但有時要用主格：It was I who told him the whole story.在強調句型中,強調的是主語,故I用主格。兩個或兩個以上的人稱代詞并列時，其順序是：單數按2，3，1人稱排列，復數按1，2，3人稱順序排列。you, she and I ; we, you and they2.物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞只能作賓語We love our motherland.名詞性物主代詞可用作主語,表語和賓語Your coat is black while mine is red.3.反身代詞用作賓語、表語，或主語、賓語的同位語He teaches himself Japanese every evening.（賓語）She is not quite herself today.她今天身體不太舒服。（表語）I myself can repair the bike.（主語的同位語）常用含有反身代詞的慣用語歸納by oneself= alone 獨自 for oneself獨立、為自己be oneself處于正常狀態(tài),顯得自然 enjoy oneself玩得愉快seat oneself坐下 dress oneself in 給自己穿devote oneself to專心于、獻身于 help oneself to 自行取用、不用客氣come to oneself蘇醒 make oneself at home 不要客氣4.指示代詞this和that是近指, that和those 是遠指I dont want this book. I want that one.有時為了避免重復，常用that/ those 來代表前面出現過的名詞At this time of year，the weather here is much colder than that in Nanjing.this和that都可代表前面提到過的事情,若出現兩個名詞,指代前面的用that指代較后面的用this；但若指下文將要敘述事情,則只能用this，不能用that。此外，還可用于代替上文中出現過個單數或不可數名詞，且后面帶有of短語修飾。Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that.健康勝于財富;財富不會像健康那樣帶來那么多幸福(句中this=wealth;that=health) They cant afford it.That/this is their problem.What I want you to remember is this :English is of great use.(此句中this不能用that替換)The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Suzhou.such的用法such 一般在句中作定語和主語.用作定語時,它所修飾的名詞前的不定冠詞應放在之后。Such is my answer.Such are the results of the exams.I have never seen such beautiful flowers.用作定語時,它所修飾的名詞前的不定冠詞應放在such之后such a good book。5.相互代詞在句中可作賓語They help each other and learn from each other.加s后成為所有格,作定語They asked about one anothers life and work.6.不定代詞不定代詞種類較多,在使用時應注意其用法與區(qū)別。為了便于記憶我們擇其重點以表格的形式列出。不定代詞區(qū) 別例 句one, some，any和itone可以泛指人或者事（東西），其復數為ones。Weve been looking at the houses but havent found _ we like yet. A.one B.ones C.it D.them Cars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. A.one B.ones C.it D.those some可用于疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復，或者表示建議，請求等。Your coffee smells great! Its from Mexico. Would you like _?A.it B.some C.this D.1ittlesome 和any修飾可數名詞單數時，some表示某個，any表示任何一個。I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? _way as you please.A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Eitherone指同類中的一個，it指代同一種類的東西。記住下列三點區(qū)別：it =the /this/ my+單數名詞one =a/an+單數名詞it代替特定的單數名詞one代替不特定的單數名詞one之前加上定冠詞the可以表示特指，one前如有形容詞修飾,之前還可以加上不定冠詞,但是it之前既不能加冠詞也不能加形容詞修飾。此外it還可以作形式主語、形式賓語和用于強調句型中。There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ? No, Id rather buy in the bookstore.A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;itThis film is an interesting one.Of all the dresses, this is the one I like best.some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句和否定句。Theres _cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _. A.1ittle,some B.1ittle,anyC.a little,some D.a little,anyWe had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for _.A.none B.either C.any D.eachHe doesnt have _ furniture in his room -just an old desk.A. any B. many C. some D. mucheach和everyeach強調個別，代表的數可以是兩個或兩個以上，而every強調整體，所指的數必須是三個或三個以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary.Each (of us) has a dictionary.= We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. Every one of us has strong and weak points.all和bothboth指兩個人或物,而all指三個以上的人或物. 在句中都可作主語，賓語,表語,同位語和定語 Which of the two books will you take? Ill take _and I think _of them is very important to me.A. either; neither B. neither; both C. both; either D. either; bothWhich of those electronic dictionaries do you like most? _.They are both cheap and of great importance.A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All注意：both, all, each, every以及由every構成的不定代詞出現在否定句中，不管否定詞在前還是在后，都是部分否定：All of them dont like music=Not all of them like music.他們并不都喜歡音樂。要表示完全否定，需要借助neither，none ，no one ，nothing，nobody等。Neither of them doesnt like music.他們倆都不喜歡音樂。None of them dont like the music.他們都不喜歡音樂。none和nono等于not any，作定語。none作主語或賓語，代替不可數名詞，謂語用單數，代替可數名詞，謂語單復數皆可。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.other和anotherother泛指“另外的，別的”常與其他詞連用，the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指兩者中的另外一個，復數為the others。Both sides have accused of breaking the contract.A.another B. the other C. neither D. eachTwo students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.another指“又一個，另一個”，復數形式是others，泛指“別的人或事”。We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun，so lets have _ one this month. A.the other B. some C. another D. otherThe trousers are too long, please give me another pair/some others.Some like football, while others like basketball.either和neither前者意思為：兩者中任何一方都；后者意思為：兩者都不。Do you want tea or coffee?_,I really don't mind. A. none B. neither C. either D. allIt was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which _ of the parents spoke the language.A. none B. neither C. both D. eachfew和little;a few和a littlefew 和little 表示沒有多少,含否定意義,而a few 和a little表示一些,有幾個,含肯定意義.另外, few與a few修飾可數名詞, little與 alittle 修飾不可數名詞。此外quite a few , quitea little意思是“不少,相當多的”。The old man knows a little English.Few of them can speak Russian.7.it的用法用作人稱代詞,代替前文提到的事情。This bike is not mine. Its Peters.用以代替提示代詞this, thatWhat is this? Its a pen.Whose book is that? Its Mikes. 起指示代詞的作用,指一個人或事物Who is knocking at the door? Its me.Who is making such a noise. It must be the children.指環(huán)境情況等。It was very quiet at the moment.指時間，季節(jié)，天氣，氣候等What time is it? It is eight oclock.It often rains in summer.指距離It is five kilometers from the office to my home.It is a long way to the factory.作形式主語和形式賓語當動詞不定式,動名詞或從句作主語時,通常把它們放在謂語之后,而用it作句子的形式主語It is not easy to finish the work in two days.It is not a good habit to stay up late.It is no use crying over split milk.It is a pity that you didnt read the book.當復合賓語中的賓語是不定式,動名詞,賓語從句時,往往把賓語放在它的補足語后面,而用it作形式賓語,放在賓語補足語之前I think it no use arguing with him.I found it very interesting to study English.He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.注意：see to it that（務必）和take it for granted that（想當然）句型中的it，以及詞組make it（做事成功，搞定）中的it。用于強調結構（詳見第十二講）要強調句子的某一部分(通常是主語,狀語,賓語), 可以把it 當作先行詞.這種句子的結構是 “It is(was)+被強調部分+that (who )+句子的其余部分” .如果強調的部分是人,可用who whom 代替that I met an old friend in the park yesterday.此句各部分被強調后句型如下：It was I who /that met an old friend in the park yesterday.It was an old friend who/ that/whom I met in the park yesterday.It was in the park that I met an old friend yesterday.It was yesterday that I met an old friend in the park.Our neighbors gave_a baby bird yesterday that hurt_when it fell from its nest. A.us,it B. us,itselfC. ourselves, itself D. ourselves, it To save class time, our teacher has _ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework. A. us B. we C. our D. ours 【解析】答案為A。us students 是同位結構。us是賓語，students為us的同謂語，又如：tell us all。Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are _. A. him and her B. his and hers C. his and her        D. him and hers 【解析】答案為B。在句中作表語，指“他的郵票和她的郵票”用his and her (=his stamps and her stamps)。Who called me this morning when I was out? A man calling _ Robert. A. him     B. himself      C. his      D.不填 【解析】答案為B。 因為“call sb./oneself+某名”就是“叫某人/自稱某名字”；句意是“一個自稱羅伯特的人”，用himself。Isnt it amazing how the human body heals _ after an injury?A. himself B. him C. itself D. it【解析】答案為C。itself 指代前面的the human body。He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.When was _?_ was in 2019 when he was still in college. A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It【解析】答案為D。that可以指代過去的情況,下句是強調句型的省略形式=it was in 2019 when he was still in college he got his first book published.Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street?Victoria Street? _ is where the Grand Theatre is.A. SuchB. There C. That D. This【解析】答案為C。that代替上下文提到的地方。The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from _ spoken in England.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. the one【解析】答案為C。that用來指代前面的名詞The English,以避免重復。題意是“美國英語現和英國英語只有很微小的差別了?！痹谟⒄Z中，that還常可以用來指代人口、天氣、金錢等。如： The weather here is hotter than that in the north of the country. Little joy can equal _ of a surprising ending when you read stories. A. that B. those C. any D. some 【解析】答案為A。因為替代前面的不可數名詞（little）joy，所以用that,而不是those。此外指示代詞“this和that”還可以用作副詞修飾形容詞，相當于“so”。Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasnt always _ much to do. A. such   B. that C. more D. very【解析】答案為B。much前用so, 不用such?？谡Z中，常用that來代替so。If you cant decide which of the two books to borrow, why dont you take _? I wont read them this week. A. all   B. any      C. either   D. both 【解析】答案為D。由前后語境來看，應是建議對方將兩本書都拿去看。You may drop in or just give me a call. _ will do.  A. Either B. Each   C. Neither              D. All【解析】答案為A。由前句可知是指兩者中的“任何一個”，用either。Of all the books on the desk,  _ is of any use for our study.  A. nothing         B. no one           C. neither D. none It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _ of the parents spoke the language. A. none B. neitherC. both D. each【解析】答案為B。neither 表示“兩者都不”，句意：在父母都不懂英語的家庭里學習英語，對于他來講是很困難的。The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5000 to _ who can capture the tiger alive or dead. A. both B. others C. anyone D. another【解析】答案為C。根據句意“誰能捕獲那只老虎，無論死活，市長將給賞金5000美元”應選C項。其它三個選項均與題意不符。Theres _ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _?    A. little; some         B. little; any          C. a little; some      D. a little; any    【解析】答案為A。因為在Would you? 等表示請求、勸請或建議之類的問句中，一般用some；又由后文“買些油”可知，家里“沒有油”了，所以用little。句意：家里沒有油了，請你到附近的店子里買些回來好嗎？ Would you like _, sir? No, thanks. I have had much.   A. some more oranges         B. any more oranges      C. some more orange     D. any more orange 【解析】答案為A。由答語中的much可知，對話中的orange是指“桔子汁”而非“桔子”，是不可數名詞，沒有復數形式，排除選項A和B；在勸請的疑問名中用some不用any，排除選項D。Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city. A. ones            B. one     C. that   D. those【解析】答案為C。選項中只有that能替代不可數名詞the air。one替代“a單數可數名詞”，表示泛指。特指的the one相當于that；the one復數形式the ones，在口語中也常用those代替；當后面有of短語時，一般用that或those，當有前置修飾語時，只能用one(s)，如the red one。one(s), the one(s), those, that都是替代“同類”事物，其中只有that可替代不可數名詞。Weve been looking at houses but havent found _we like yet. A. one      B. ones     C. it         D. them 【解析】答案為A。one =a house, 指我們喜歡的那一類房子。Cars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. A. one             B. ones            C. it D. those 【解析】答案為B。 替代泛指的名詞復數problems，用ones。those是替代特的“the +復數名詞”的。My most famous relative of all, _ who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great-grandfather. A. one     B. the one             C. he       D. someone【解析】答案為B。由語境可判斷是特指，且作My most famous relative of all的同位語，用the one。There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow?No, Id rather buy in the bookstore. A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;it【解析】答案為A。it指代前面的a copy of the book,后面的意思是：我要到書店去買一本（不是特指哪一本）。I think hes just going to deal with this problem _ day. A. next           B. other           C. following        D. another【解析】答案為D。表示“改天”用another day。但表示相對于過去或將來某天來說的“第二天”時，用the next day 或the following day都可以。No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _.  A. others B. the other            C. either D. another【解析】答案為B。由neither可知，談話雙方都不同意對方的條件，這個“對方”是特指的另一方，所以用the other。The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _ four percent. A. any other B. the other C. another D. other【解析】答案為C。題干上的意思應該是“價格不會再增長超過4%”。any other “其他另外的”。the other“兩者中第二者”。another“另外，又”，放在數詞前面。other表示“另外”，和more一樣，要放在數字的后面。One weeks time has been wasted. I cant believe we did all that work for _.A. something         B. nothing C. everything          D. anything【解析】答案為B。因為for nothing是習語，意為“徒勞、沒有好結果”、“免費”，句意是：我簡直不敢相信我們所做的一切都是徒勞的。She doesnt know anyone here. She has got _to talk to. A. anyone         B. someone            C. everyone        D. no one【解析】答案為D。因為“在這里，她誰都不認識”，所以“她沒有人可以交談”。no one = nobody = notany one沒有一個人。I made so many changes in my composition that only I could read it. To _ else, it was hard to make out. A. none     B. everyone     C. someone    D. anyone 【解析】答案為D。意為除了我以外，“其他任何人(anyone else)”都很難懂。Id like some more cheese. Sorry, theres _ left.A. some B. none C. a little D. few【解析】答案為B。none既可以修飾可數名詞，表示“一個也不， 一個也沒有”；也可以修飾不可數名詞，表示“一點也不，一點也沒有”。在本題中指代不可數名詞cheese。本題的意思是：我想再來點奶酪。抱歉，一點都沒有了。A項some表示“一些”，C項a little表示“有一點”，修飾不可數名詞D項few表示“幾乎沒有”，修飾可數名詞。If I can help_, I don't like working late into the night. A. so B. that C. it D. them【解析】答案為C。if I can help it意為“如果我有辦法”，表示有辦法做某事，或有辦法控制某個局面。所提供的情景I dont like working late into the night說明如果有辦法，不喜歡工作到深夜。so意為“這樣”，常用于省略句中，代替上文中的動作。that用于代替上文的內容。Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A. that B. it C. this D. you【解析】答案為B。it指代用來泛泛地指某事，可用于如I like/hate it, I appreciate it等類似的句子。表示喜歡/憎恨和贊賞某事?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】兩者中的任何一種可用either; 在三者中進行比較用最高級。內容總結（1）高考英語熱點名師調研代詞是高考考查的重點語法項目之一，也是考生容易出錯的項目，因為代詞具有較大靈活性（2）some         B. little （3）any    【解析】答案為A