2019年中考英語二輪復習 完形填空專講專練.doc

2019年中考英語完形填空專講專練The Power of Story教學目標1. 掌握本篇完形填空中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長難句。2. 掌握完形填空的解題技巧，并能夠指出本篇完形填空中運用到的解題技巧。3. 通過完形填空高頻詞、長難句等語料的積累，及完形填空解題技巧的練習，靈活應對各種完形填空題。名師點撥知識篇“巧婦難為無米之炊”，在英語學習的過程中，語料的積累至關重要。對于完形填空高頻詞和長難句的梳理，能夠為我們今后的學習和提升打下良好的基礎。親愛的同學，老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長難句，快來看看你掌握了嗎？一、高頻詞【課前檢測學生的詞匯量儲備, 以教師提問的形式進行。具體使用中可以刪去詞義詞性部分，給小例句提示。并標記出學生的實際掌握情況（優(yōu)良差）】單詞詞性及詞義示例備注掌握情況powern.1)影響力 2)權(quán)力3)力量v. 驅(qū)動The Power of StoryThe car is powered by engine.相關詞：powerfuldisappearv.消失；不見my dog Gracie disappeared six years ago.相關詞：appear“dis-”表否定的前綴believev.相信；認為I really learned what I believe.相關詞：beliefsearchv.搜查We searched the neighborhood for hourslostadj.1)迷路的 2)丟失的 3)茫然無措的I felt so lost after my dog is lost.patientlyadv.耐心的相關詞：patient; patienceendlesslyadv.無止境地；不斷地Search endlessly相關詞：endlessfaithn.信任；信心；信仰I told her losing Gracie was like losing faith in everything.相關詞：faithfuladventuren.冒險imaginev.想象She imagined walking into a forest and enjoying the fresh air.相關詞：imaginationwaitv.等待supportv./n.1)支持2)養(yǎng)活3)支撐He has a big family to support.相關詞：supportermovedadj.感動的相關詞：movingreasonableadj.合理的；公道的相關詞：reasonunreasonableordern. 1)次序2)命令3)訂單v.1)命令 2)訂購,點菜The officer ordered them to fire.remindv.提醒；使想起He reminded her of Santa Claus.suggestv.1)建議 2)表明;暗示I suggest that we go out to eat.All the evidence suggests that he stole the money.相關詞：suggestion; advice; advise; lastingadj.持久的lasting friendships相關詞：lastput up1)張貼 2)搭建 3)提高We put up advertisements.look up1)+sb拜訪 2)+sth查閱 3)+to sb 尊敬I looked it up in the dictionary.build up1)創(chuàng)建 2)增強set up1)建起 2)安裝好 3)開辦make up1)構(gòu)成 2)編造 3)鋪床 4)彌補give up放棄deal with處理；解決相關詞：do with; hold on to抓緊hold sth. together使保持團結(jié)Its what holds our life together.二、長難句【課前檢測學生的句型儲備, 以教師提問的形式進行?？梢愿鶕?jù)提示分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子翻譯。】1. When my dog Gracie disappeared six years ago, I really learned what I believe.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：_本句含有when引導的時間狀語從句，表示“當時候”和what引導的賓語從句。句子翻譯：_當我的小狗Gracie六年前失蹤后，我真正學到我所相信的。仿句練習：讀書的時候，你最好記錄下你認為對你有幫助的內(nèi)容。Whenyoureadabook,youdbetterwrite down what you think is helpful to you. _2. by dark, we returned home, exhausted (精疲力竭).結(jié)構(gòu)分析：_本句含有“形容詞exhausted”做主語補語的結(jié)構(gòu)，表明主語的狀態(tài)。句子翻譯：_天黑時，我們精疲力竭地回家了。仿句練習：天黑時，我們又累又餓地回到家里。By dark, we returned home, tired and hungry. _3. If I knew she had found a better home, I would be _ (33) yet relieved (放心的).結(jié)構(gòu)分析：_本句含有if引導的條件狀語從句，表示如果；本句中的“yet”表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“但是”。句子翻譯：_如果我知道她有了一個好去處，我會_但是會放心些。仿句練習：如果我們多關愛地球，就會擁有一個更美好的世界。If we pay much attention to the earth, well have a better world. _4. As one writer said, all (that)we have is stories. Its what holds our life together.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：_本句含有1.“as引導的非限制性定語從句”意為“正如”；2. 省略that的定語從句“(that)we have”修飾all；3. what引導的表語從句。句子翻譯：_正如一位作家所說，我們所擁有的一切都是故事。它使我們的生活凝聚到一起。仿句練習：眾所周知，那些做普通簡單工作的人也在為社會的發(fā)展做貢獻。As we all know, those who do simple and ordinary jobs are also making a contribution to the development of the society. _5. Why not imagine now that she was off on an adventure exploring her wolf side?結(jié)構(gòu)分析：_本句含有1.“why not”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“為什么不呢？”；2. that引導的賓語從句句子翻譯：_為什么不想象現(xiàn)在她正在冒險探索她狼的那一面呢？仿句練習：為什么不加入我們呢？Why not join us? _方法篇“方法得當, 事半功倍。”只有語料的積累，沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對于完形填空解題方法的梳理，能夠幫助我們更好地理解完形填空的命題邏輯，在有足夠語料積累的基礎上，能夠幫助我們爭取高分。親愛的同學，老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了完形填空的解題技巧，快來看看你掌握了多少？一、完形填空解題步驟第一步通讀全文，把握脈絡跳過空格，速讀全文，把握大意。注意文中的語篇關鍵詞，和句中的連詞，如but出現(xiàn)后就說明句子強調(diào)的重點是but后面的內(nèi)容；再如代詞it指代的定是前文的單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞。找到關鍵詞可以幫助我們掌握文章的大概意思及其想要傳達的寓意。第二步瞻前顧后，上下求索聯(lián)系上下文，運用解題策略從句子、段落、語篇層面解題，抓住文章中的上下文線索詞?！揪唧w的解題策略會在下一部分詳細描述】第三步再讀文章，核查答案代入答案，再讀全文，反復檢查，爭取做到：結(jié)構(gòu)正確+語義通順+邏輯合理。二、完形填空解題策略方法方法一：詞匯復現(xiàn)法解釋“詞匯復現(xiàn)”是指某一詞匯以原詞、詞形變化(如protect和protection)、同義詞/近義詞(如road和trail)、反義詞(如wrong和 correct)、上下義詞(上下義是指詞的總結(jié)和分解關系，上義詞是總稱詞，下義詞是被包含的個體或種類。如adult是my father的上義詞；coat是clothes的下義詞) 等重復出現(xiàn)在語篇之中。例題例1：He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his _, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness【分析：通過上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因為他的“善良友好”他很受歡迎。故選D?！坷?：The old man tends to forget things from time to time. In other words, he is more and more _. A. forgetful B. unforgettable C. easy-going D. hard-working【分析：通過上文“The old man tends to forget things from time to time”，由“forget”可知他越來越“健忘”。故選A。（forgetful“健忘的”，unforgettable“難忘的”。）】方法方法二：上下文推理法解釋“上下文推理法”是指根據(jù)對上下文的語義和整個語篇的理解，進行適當?shù)耐评砼袛?，因此需重點注意挖空處的上下文語境，判斷清楚所要表達的含義。例題例：When we talked, I discovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _17_ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class.17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later【分析：通過上文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美國每節(jié)課是50分鐘，中國每節(jié)課是40分鐘，根據(jù)上下文可以推斷出美國的課時比中國的長，故選B?！糠椒ǚ椒ㄈ哼壿嬐评矸ń忉尅斑壿嬐评矸ā笔歉鶕?jù)文章的邏輯關系（如因果、并列、讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折、時間順序、目的、條件、選擇等）進行適當?shù)耐评砼袛?，因此需特別注意挖空處表示邏輯關系的連詞（如and表并列，but和however表轉(zhuǎn)折，so表因果，first of all、then和finally表順序等）。例題例1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he cant sing 6 . 6. A. badlyB. easilyC. wellD. excitedly【分析：通過上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和連詞“but”，可以推斷出前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關系，此處想要表達的含義是“喜歡但唱得不好”，故選C?！糠椒ǚ椒ㄋ模何幕尘俺ＷR法解釋“文化背景常識法”是指完形填空的文章內(nèi)容往往與我們的文化生活、史地知識、生活科技等相關，有些內(nèi)容是我們已經(jīng)掌握的生活常識，答題時要充分調(diào)動相關知識幫助我們分析、推斷。事實上，該技巧與“邏輯推斷”常常交織在一起的，因為雖有背景常識，仍需簡單推理。需注意中外文化的差異性，不能總是用中國人看問題的角度來看待其它國家發(fā)生的事情。例題例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鯨魚) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest【分析：第1題，眾所周知：大象是陸地上最大的動物，故選A. biggest。第2題，眾所周知：鯨魚生活在大海里，故選C. sea?！糠椒ǚ椒ㄎ澹汗潭ù钆浞ń忉屚晷翁羁找哉Z境考查為主，但也有小部分題目考查語法知識、固定搭配和固定句型，解題過程中我們需要結(jié)合所學固定搭配選出正確答案。例題例1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to【分析：考查固定短語“pay attention to注意”，故選D。】例2：but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took【分析：考查固定短語“take photos拍照”，故選D?！空Z篇精講障礙閱讀【遵循完形填空“先完意，后完形”的原則，指導學生在障礙閱讀的前提下領悟文章的主要意思，防止學生理解跑偏】（西城二模）The Power of StoryWhen my dog Gracie disappeared six years ago, I really learned what I believe. Gracie escaped from our backyard around 2:00 p.m. We searched the neighborhood for hours but had no _ (31). We put up advertisements, and by dark, we returned home, exhausted (精疲力竭). On the second day, I called my animal doctor, the SPCA, and the animal shelter (收容所). Nothing. I felt lost. If I knew Gracie had been _ (32), I would have been heartbroken. If I knew she was caught somewhere, I would save her. If I knew she had found a better home, I would be _ (33) yet relieved (放心的). But how do I deal with the unknown? Wait patiently? Search endlessly? Give up? The third day, while I was searching in the woods with my friend Rhea, I told her losing Gracie was like losing faith (信任) in everything. Rhea smiled and said, “You know, maybe Gracies on a great adventure.” It seems _ (34), but I felt better then. Rheas words _ (35) me what, as a writer, I surely have faith in: the power of story. As one writer said, all we have is stories. Its what holds our life together. We call stories science, some stories myth (神話), but imagine hearing for the first time that the world may be round. Such stories only become real when we _ (36) them. And some stories are never supported with scientific facts, but they still seem to hold true. For example, ten years earlier, Id dreamt that I should get a _ (37), and by that evening, Gracie came into my life. When people would ask what kind of dog she was, I would say Muppet wolf terrier (小獵狗). It was something I _ (38) because I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf. So why not imagine now that she was off on an adventure exploring her wolf side? The fourth day started with me finding a _ (39) on the sidewalk, Id always thought of finding money as a good sign. And I was sure Gracie would come home on the fifth day. I guess it was another story to hold on to. On Day Five, I was at a friends house when her phone rang. I knew immediately it was news about Gracie. And I was right. When I finally saw her in my hallway, I cried. “My wolf days are _ (40).” Gracie seemed to say. “Im back to being a dog”. Or so is the story I choose to believe. 文章大意為（只給出關鍵詞即可）_參考關鍵詞：the power of story; dog; disappear; have faith in; story; better參考答案： when his dog disappeared six years ago, the writer realized the power of story.【注：程度比較好的學生可以進行無選項填空訓練】語篇練習話題體裁詞數(shù)建議用時實際用時正確率難度人生感悟類記敘文44612-15分鐘_/10（西城二模）The Power of StoryWhen my dog Gracie disappeared six years ago, I really learned what I believe. Gracie escaped from our backyard around 2:00 p.m. We searched the neighborhood for hours but had no _ (31). We put up advertisements, and by dark, we returned home, exhausted (精疲力竭). On the second day, I called my animal doctor, the SPCA, and the animal shelter (收容所). Nothing. I felt lost. If I knew Gracie had been _ (32), I would have been heartbroken. If I knew she was caught somewhere, I would save her. If I knew she had found a better home, I would be _ (33) yet relieved (放心的). But how do I deal with the unknown? Wait patiently? Search endlessly? Give up? The third day, while I was searching in the woods with my friend Rhea, I told her losing Gracie was like losing faith (信任) in everything. Rhea smiled and said, “You know, maybe Gracies on a great adventure.” It seems _ (34), but I felt better then. Rheas words _ (35) me what, as a writer, I surely have faith in: the power of story. As one writer said, all we have is stories. Its what holds our life together. We call stories science, some stories myth (神話), but imagine hearing for the first time that the world may be round. Such stories only become real when we _ (36) them. And some stories are never supported with scientific facts, but they still seem to hold true. For example, ten years earlier, Id dreamt that I should get a _ (37), and by that evening, Gracie came into my life. When people would ask what kind of dog she was, I would say Muppet wolf terrier (小獵狗). It was something I _ (38) because I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf. So why not imagine now that she was off on an adventure exploring her wolf side? The fourth day started with me finding a _ (39) on the sidewalk, Id always thought of finding money as a good sign. And I was sure Gracie would come home on the fifth day. I guess it was another story to hold on to. On Day Five, I was at a friends house when her phone rang. I knew immediately it was news about Gracie. And I was right. When I finally saw her in my hallway, I cried. “My wolf days are _ (40).” Gracie seemed to say. “Im back to being a dog”. Or so is the story I choose to believe. 31. A. luck B. reason C. good D. problem 32. A. kept B. sold C. stolen D. killed 33. A. mad B. worried C. sad D. moved 34. A. right B. strange C. reasonable D. real 35. A. ordered B. warned C. reminded D. suggested 36. A. hear B. know C. believe D. read 37. A. dog B. prize C. story D. house 38. A. looked up B. built up C. set up D. made up 39. A. card B. coin C. phone D. book 40. A. lasting B. exciting C. short D. over 語篇精講：參考答案： 3135ADCBC 3640 CADBD 文章大意：本文作者通過講述六年前他丟失他的小狗的經(jīng)歷以及心路歷程，闡述了故事的力量。答案解析： 31. 通過上文“We searched the neighborhood for hours ”和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞“but”，可推斷出他們找了很久但是沒找到，have no luck沒有好運氣，這里指沒有找到小狗 ，故選A。32. 通過下文“I would have been heartbroken.”可知作者會心碎，因此可以推斷出前后存在因果關系，上文的意思應該是指如果它被殺了，故選D。33. 通過上文“If I knew she had found a better home”和下文“yet relieved (放心的)”，及結(jié)合生活常識，可知比起遭遇不幸，小狗有個好去處是一件讓人放心但是仍然會因為它的離開而難過。故選C。34. 通過轉(zhuǎn)折連詞“but”可知前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關系，下文表達“我感覺好多了”，上文的意思應該與其相對，只有B符合語境，故選B。35. 通過下文作者回憶起以前的事情可知，這些都是聽了朋友的話后想起來的，故選C。36. 通過前文“I surely have faith in: the power of story.”可知作者相信故事的力量，因此可以推斷出這里指的是“那些故事會變成真的，當我們相信它們的時候?！保蔬xC。37. 通過下文“Gracie came into my life. When people would ask what kind of dog she was,”可推斷出作者夢見他有了一只狗。故選A。38. 通過下文“because I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf.”可知“因為我相信它一半是狗，一半是狼”，可推斷出那是作者編造的，故選D。39. 通過下文“Id always thought of finding money as a good sign.”可知作者是發(fā)現(xiàn)了錢，故選B. coin。40. 通過前文“I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf.”和下文“Im back to being a dog”，可推斷出它作為狼的日子結(jié)束了。精講筆記【學生在教師的指導下，回顧本講中積累的完形填空的知識和方法】語篇中積累的詞匯【至少掌握10個】單詞詞性及詞義單詞的運用（鼓勵學生用所學詞匯造句）realize語篇中的學到的方法 【根據(jù)具體教學情況歸納總結(jié)】【至少掌握2個】方法一：詞匯復現(xiàn)法如：本篇文章中的39. (coin )方法二：上下文推理法方法三：邏輯推理法方法四：文化背景常識法方法五：固定搭配法能力提升基礎過關一、詞匯/短語翻譯單詞詞性、詞義備注1powern.1)影響力 2)權(quán)力3)力量v. _提示：The car is powered by engine.2_v.消失；不見3_v.相信；認為4_v.搜查5lostadj.1)迷路的 2)丟失的 3) _翻譯：I felt so lost after my dog is lost.6_adv.耐心的7endlessly_8_n.信任；信心；信仰9_n.冒險10_v.想象翻譯：她想象著走進一片森林，呼吸新鮮的空氣。11_v.等待12supportv./n.1) _2) _3)支撐翻譯：He has a big family to support.13reasonable_14_n. 1)次序2)命令15_v.提醒；使想起16suggestv.1)建議 2) _翻譯：All the evidence suggests that he stole the money. 17lasting_18_v.警告19put up_提示：We put up advertisements.20look up1)+sb_ 2)+sth_ 3)+to sb _提示：I looked it up in the dictionary.21build up_提示:You need more exercise to build you up.22set up_提示：They set up a working party to look into the issue.23make up_提示：It was something I made up because I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf.24give up_提示：Well never give up until the goal is reached.25deal with_26hold on to_27hold sth. together_二、句子翻譯1.當我的小狗Gracie六年前失蹤后，我真正學到我所相信的。_2.天黑時，我們精疲力竭地回家了。_3.如果我知道她有了一個好去處，我會傷心但是會放心些。_4.我告訴她失去Gracie就像失去對一切的信心一樣。_5.正如一位作家所說，我們所擁有的一切都是故事。_完形練習（西城二模）John and Mary had a nice home and two lovely children, a boy and a girl. Once John was asked to go on a business trip and Mary needed to go along too. They found a babysitter to care for the 31 and made the trip, returning home a little earlier than they had planned.As they drove into their home town, they 32 smoke, and they went to see what it was. They found a home on fire. Mary said, "Oh, well, it isnt our home. Lets go."But John drove 33 and said, "The home belongs to Fred Jones who works at the factory. He wouldnt be off work yet, maybe theres something we would do." "It has nothing to do with us," said Mary.But John drove up, stopped and found the whole house on fire. A woman in the street was crying, "The children! 34 the children!" John grabbed(抓) her by the shoulder saying, "Get a hold of yourself and tell us where the children are!" "In the 35 ," cried the woman, "down the hall and to the left."Although Mary didnt agree, John wet his clothes and 36 for the bathroom which was full of smoke and heat. He found the door and grabbed two children, holding one under each arm. As he left he could hear some other sound like crying. He sent the two badly 37 and nearly suffocated(窒息) children into waiting arms. Then he was told two more children were still in there. Mary grabbed his arm and shouted, "John! Dont go back! That house will fall down in any second!"But he shook her off and went back by 38 his way down the smoke-filled hallway and into the room. It seemed a century had passed 39 he found both children and started back. They were coughing and he lowered his body trying to get some 40 . As he walked up the endless steps, the thought went through his mind that there was something strangely familiar about the little bodies, and at last when they came out into the sunlight and fresh air, he found that he had just saved his own children.The babysitter had left them at this home while she did some shopping.31. A. children B. pet C. garden D. business32. A. watched B. recognized C. noticed D. realized33. A. farther B. off C. back D. closer34. A. Find B. Get C. Move D. Hold35. A. bathroom B. kitchen C. bedroom D. living room36. A. looked B. cared C. headed D. reached37. A. frightened B. surprised C. sad D. sick38. A. following B. going C. pushing D. feeling39. A. after B. before C. when D. until40. A. water B. energy C. air D. light參考答案基礎過關一、詞匯/短語翻譯單詞詞性、詞義備注1powern.1)影響力 2)權(quán)力3)力量v. 驅(qū)動提示：The car is powered by engine.2disappearv.消失；不見3believev.相信；認為4searchv.搜查5lostadj.1)迷路的 2)丟失的 3)茫然無措的翻譯：I felt so lost after my dog is lost.在我的小狗丟失以后我感到非常茫然無措。6patientlyadv.耐心的7endlesslyadv.無止境地；不斷地8faithn.信任；信心；信仰9adventuren.冒險10imaginev.想象翻譯：她想象著走進一片森林，呼吸新鮮的空氣。She imagined walking into a forest and enjoying the fresh air.