2020年中考英語易錯易丟分專題08動詞和動詞短語含解析
專題08 動詞和動詞短語丟分題詳解【2019 廣西貴港中考】Joe, dont eat too much ice-cream. OK, mom. But it really good. A. feelsB. looksC. tastesD. sounds【參考答案】C【試題解析】feel 感覺起來;look 看起來;taste 嘗起來;sound 聽起來;四個詞都是感官動詞,根據(jù)句子里dont eat too much ice-cream,不要吃太多冰淇淋可知冰淇淋是好吃的,用感官動詞taste。故選C。丟分探因此題考查系動詞的用法,準確把握語境并掌握住這幾個詞的含義和用法,是做這道題的關鍵。feel感覺;taste嘗起來;sound聽起來;look看起來。這幾個詞后面都跟形容詞作表語。學生平時應注意積累常見系動詞的用法。查漏補缺連系動詞分類常用詞例句表示主語的狀態(tài)、特征和身份等be(是),look(看起來),seem(似乎),feel(感覺),appear(出現(xiàn)),smell(聞起來),taste(嘗起來),sound(聽起來)He is a good father. 他是一位好父親。She looks younger than before. 她看起來比以前年輕。表示主語從一種狀態(tài)到另一種狀態(tài),但側重于轉(zhuǎn)變后的結果turn(轉(zhuǎn)變),become(成為),get(得到),grow(增長),go(去),fall(跌落),come(來),prove(證明)Everyone will grow old. 每個人都會變老。After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 幾年后,情況變得越來越糟糕。表示主語保持某種身份、特征或狀態(tài)不變keep(保持),remain(仍舊),stay(保持),continue(繼續(xù))The old man stays calm. 老人保持平靜。Keep quiet while youre going around. 參觀時要保持安靜。丟分題詳解【2019 江蘇省淮安】Those young firemen were brave enough to _ the fire in the forest. A. work outB. put out C. hand outD. look out【參考答案】B【試題解析】句意:那些年輕的消防隊員足夠勇敢地撲滅了森林中的大火。A. work out解出,算出;B. put out熄滅;C. hand out上交;D. look out小心。根據(jù)Those young firemen were brave enough及the fire in the forest.可知是撲滅大火。根據(jù)題意,故選B?!?018湖北黃岡中考】 IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.Iwanttodropit.Englishisveryimportantinourdailylife.Never _.A.giveupit B. give it up C.giveawayit D.giveitaway【參考答案】 B【試題解析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意:我發(fā)現(xiàn)英語很難學,我想放棄。英語在我們的日常生活中很重要,由此推知后句意為“不要放棄?!眊ive up放棄;give away贈送;背叛。據(jù)此推知give up符合句意,give up是動詞加副詞構成的短語,代詞作其賓語必須位于give up之間。故選B。丟分探因此題考查動詞短語,掌握住這幾個短語的含義是做這道題的關鍵。另外需要掌握住,動詞短語中間有代詞時,代詞需放中間。一般說來,在英語中,動詞加上on,in,off, over, back, up, down, away, out等所構成的短語都是動詞+ 副詞結構的動詞詞組。此時須注意其賓語的位置:名詞賓語既可放在短語中間,也可放在短語后面;但是人稱代詞賓語(賓格)只能放在短語中間。查漏補缺動副短語中的動詞有的是及物動詞,因此,后接賓語時不需要加介詞,加上副詞后,該副詞可以進一步說明動作的結果,從而,使得句意表達得更加準確。這些動副短語必須接賓語,但對其位置有一定的限制,如果賓語是名詞,既可以放在短語的中間,又可以放在短語的后面;如果賓語是代詞,就只能放在兩詞的中間了。Youd better pick the students up before 7:00. 你最好在7點前把這些學生接上車。Can you pick me up at 7:00? 你能在7點時接我嗎?人稱代詞me做賓語要放在pick和up的中間。如果動副短語中的動詞是不及物動詞時,則該短語不可以加賓語。例如,May I come in? 我可以進來嗎?come是不及物動詞,所以,come in后無賓語。初中生應掌握的動副短語主要有:bring out 取出 cut down 砍倒 clean up清掃,收拾干凈climb down/up 爬下/上 come back/go back 回來/回去 come round(走)過來 come out (花)開,出來 come over順便來訪 eat up 吃光fall asleep 睡著 fall behind 落后 fall down 跌倒 give back退還 get back 取回 go out 外出grow up 長大 hurry up趕緊 knock down 擊倒look out 小心 look around 環(huán)顧,到處看 look up 查找 open up 開設,開放,開業(yè) pass on 往前傳遞 put sth. down把放下來put away 收拾好 put on穿上 put up 舉起run away 逃跑,逃走 slow down 減緩,減速 set off出發(fā),動身turn on/off 打開/關上 turn up/down 調(diào)大/調(diào)小take out取出 think over 考慮 take off 脫下,把拿掉 take away 拿走work out算出 write down 記下 wash away 沖走 wake up喚醒 丟分題詳解 【2019 大慶中考】How long will it _ you to fly to Beijing from your hometown? A. spendB. takeC. payD. use【參考答案】B【試題解析】句意:從家鄉(xiāng)坐飛機到北京要花費你多長時間?A. spend花費錢或時間,主語是人;B. take常指花費時間,用在“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”這一句型中;C. pay花費金錢,主語是人;D. use使用。本句考查的是“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”這一句型。故答案為B。丟分探因本題考查易混動詞辨析,考生掌握住cost, pay, take和spend的區(qū)別,就能做對這道題。四個單詞均可表示“花費”,但所用主語不同:cost 的主語通常是事或物(包括形式主語 it),不能是人;pay 的主語只能是人,常與for連用;spend 的主語也只能是人,構成spend on sth.或spend in doing sth.;take的主語常常是形式主語it。查漏補缺cost /pay/ take /spend的區(qū)別:cost 的主語通常是事或物(包括形式主語 it),不能是人;pay 的主語只能是人,常與for連用;spend 的主語也只能是人,構成spend on sth.或spend in doing sth.;take的主語常常是形式主語it。如:The computer cost (me) $2000. 這臺電腦花了(我) 2000 美元。I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了一整天來找你。It took him an hour to write the letter. 他寫這封信花了一個小時。She paid 10 yuan for this book. 她買這本書花了10元錢。丟分題詳解【2019 四川省達州市】Can I _ Robinson Crusoe? Mrs. Zhao. Sure,its very interesting,but you can only _it for two weeks. A. borrow;lendB. lend;borrow C. borrow;keepD. lend;keep【參考答案】C【試題解析】borrow借,強調(diào)借入,短暫性動詞;lend借,強調(diào)借出,短暫性動詞;keep也有借的意思,強調(diào)保管,延續(xù)性動詞;Can I borrow Robinson Crusoe?強調(diào)借入,所以用borrow;由句子中的for two weeks第二個空應該用延續(xù)性動詞keep,故選:C。丟分探因做這道題的關鍵是掌握住borrow,lend和keep的用法區(qū)別:【易混辨析】 lend借出非延續(xù)性動詞,表示主語把東西借給別人,常用結構:lend sb sth或lend sth to sb borrow借入非延續(xù)性動詞,表示主語向別人借東西,常用結構:borrow sth from sb keep借(多久)延續(xù)性動詞,表示借某物多長時間,與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用【圖解助記】查漏補缺一、keep作及物動詞,意為使保持(某種狀態(tài))、使得時,常用于以下幾種結構: 1. keep+賓語(由人或物充當)形容詞。Keep your hands clean. 手要保持干凈。 2. keep賓語副詞。What have kept you awa for so long? 什么事使你離開這么久? 3. keep賓語v-ing。Im sorry to have kept you waiting. 對不起,讓你久等了。 4. keep賓語v-ed。Keep the door clsed. 讓門關著。 5. keep賓語介詞短語。Dont keep your hands in your pockets. 不要把手插在口袋里。 二、keep作及物動詞,后接名詞作賓語,構成動賓結構,意為保存、保留、記(日記等)、經(jīng)營(商店等)、遵守(諾言等)之意。I keep a diary in English.我用英文記日記。 She keeps a bllkstore.她經(jīng)營一家書店。 Keep your word,please.請遵守你的諾言。 三、keep作系動詞,其后直接跟形容詞、副詞或介詞短語作表語,構成系表結構,意為保持某一狀態(tài)Please keep quiet.請保持安靜。 四、keep后接動名詞和賓語,表示連續(xù)不斷地做某事。The baby keeps crying all night. 那個嬰兒哭了一夜。丟分點歸納1. 常見系動詞的用法;2. 修飾代詞的動副短語的用法;3. lie, lay, lie的用法辨析;4. borrow, lend, keep的用法辨析。中考題演練1.【2019 遼寧省本溪中考】Look at the dark clouds, and the wind is blowing strongly. It _that a big storm is coming. A. Sounds B. seemsC. feelsD. smells【答案】B【解析】本題考查的動詞詞義的辨析。從上下句的語境和句意可知,回答的是好像/似乎一場大暴雨即將來臨。所給的四個答案分析:sound 聽起來;seem 似乎,好像;feel 感覺;smell 聞起來,因此只有答案B符合本題意思要求,故選:B。2.【2019 湖北省宜昌中考】Did you the International Marathon in Lan Zhou on June 2, 2019?Of course. How exciting!A. watchB. reviewC. supposeD. discover【答案】A【解析】句意:你看2019年6月2日在蘭州舉行的國際馬拉松比賽了嗎?當然。太令人興奮了!考查動詞辨析。A. 觀看(電視/比賽);B. 回顧;C. 設想;D. 發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)the International Marathon可知選A。3.【2019 襄陽中考】 What does Huaweis newest smartphone look like? Its wonderful! You can it in half just like closing a book. A. handB. passC. foldD. cut【答案】C【解析】句意:華為最新的智能手機是什么樣子的?它太棒了!你可像一本書一樣把它折疊起來??疾閯釉~辨析。A. hand傳遞;B. pass經(jīng)過;C. fold折疊;D. cut切割。根據(jù)in half just like closing a book就像合上一本書一樣,可推知應是可以把它折疊起來,故答案選C。4. 【2019 河南中考】You cant change who you are by reading a book or change the way you act by watching a video. What _ is what you do, not what you know. A. includesB. decidesC. meansD. matters【答案】D【解析】句意:你不能通過看書來改變你是誰,也不能通過看視頻來改變你的行為方式。重要的是你做什么,而不是你知道什么。A. includes包括;B. decides對作出抉擇;C. means方式;D. matters重要性。本題考查what matters = what is essential/important重要的是;因此本題應該選擇matters重要性。符合語境。故選D。5.【2019 南通中考】Excuse me, can you teach me how to this new word? No problem. Look at my mouth and listen carefully. A. proveB. pronounceC. prepareD. produce【答案】B【解析】句意:打擾一下,你能教給我怎樣發(fā)出這個新單詞的音嗎?沒問題??次业淖煺J真地聽。A. prove證明;B. pronounce發(fā)音;C. prepare準備;D. produce生產(chǎn),制造。根據(jù)下文No problem. Look at my mouth and listen carefully.可知上文是說發(fā)音。根據(jù)題意,故選B。6.【2019 江蘇省無錫中考】Im going to add some tomato sauce to the salad, if you dont _. Not at all. Go head. A. careB. agreeC. mindD. insist【答案】C【解析】句意:如果你不介意的話,我要在沙拉里加些番茄醬。一點也不。加吧。A. care照料;B. agree同意;C. mind介意;D. insist堅持。根據(jù)Im going to add some tomato sauce to the salad, if you dont _. 如果你不_ 的話,我要在沙拉里加些番茄醬。和答語Not at all. Go head. 一點也不。加吧??梢酝浦?,應該選擇mind介意;符合語境。故選C。7.【2019 海南中考】Would you please _ your e-mail address? I missed it just now. No problem. Its fox163. com. A. repeatB. reviewC. record【答案】A【解析】repeat 重復;review 復習;record 記錄;從句子I missed it just now,剛才我錯過了可知希望對方在說一遍,也就是重復一遍,因此選repeat最合適. 其它兩個選項不正確,故選:A。8.【2019 內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特中考】Jack, lets have a picnic after school. Sorry. I have _Frank to work on the biology report with him. A. Advise B. expected C. suggested D. promised【答案】D【解析】句意:杰克,放學后我們?nèi)ヒ安桶?。抱歉。我答應弗萊克和他一起做生物學報告。A表示建議;B表示期待、盼望;C表示建議;D表示承諾、允諾。根據(jù)題干中Sorry可知杰克不能放學后去野餐,因為他承諾弗萊克和他一起去做生物學報告,其中promise sb. to do sth. 表示承諾某人做某事,故選D。9.【2019 湖北省宜昌中考】Shall we_the things we dont use to the people in need? Good idea. A. put offB. set out C. get intoD. give away【答案】D【解析】句意:我們將把不用的東西送給需要幫助的人嗎?好主意??疾閯釉~短語辨析。A.推遲;B. 出發(fā);C. 進入;D. 贈送。根據(jù)句意語境,可知前面三項意思都與句意不合,故選D。10.【2019 湖北省宜昌中考】About 20 million people in the world have no enough safe drinking water. So we should how to deal with the problems of water. A. put onB. look after C. think aboutD. get on with【答案】C【解析】句意:世界上大約有2000萬人沒有足夠的安全飲用水。所以我們應該考慮如何處理水的問題。A. 穿上;B.照顧;C. 思考;D. 繼續(xù)。考查動詞短語辨析。根據(jù)how to deal with the problems of water可知think about符合句意,故選C。11.【2019 貴州省安順中考】I dont think teachers should give too much homework to_ the free time of students. Exactly! A. give upB. take up C. look upD. put up【答案】B【解析】句意:我認為教師不應該布置太多的家庭作業(yè)來占用學生的空閑時間。沒錯!考查動詞短語。A. give up放棄;B. take up占用,占據(jù);C. look up查閱,查字典,抬頭看;D. put up建造,搭起,掛起。結合句意可知填take up;選B。12.【2019 四川省眉山中考】 Whats the meaning of “One Belt and One Road”? Let me the words in the new dictionary. A. look atB. look for C. look afterD. look up【答案】D【解析】句意:一帶一路是什么意思?讓我們在這個字典上查一下這個詞。A.看;B.尋找;C.照顧;D.查閱。根據(jù)句意可知,表示“查閱這個單詞”,故選D。13.【2019 江蘇省南京中考】Tina comes to China in order to experience Chinese culture and _which university is the best for her to attend. A. put outB. stay out C. find outD. run out【答案】C【解析】put out撲滅;stay out留在戶外;find out發(fā)現(xiàn),找出;run out用光,根據(jù)句意"蒂娜來中國是為了體驗中國文化,找出哪所大學最適合她"可知,要用"找出,發(fā)現(xiàn)",其他選項語意不通,故選:C。14.【2019 廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟區(qū)中考】John, please _your dictionary from the schoolbag and look up the new word. A. take awayB. take up C. take offD. take out【答案】D【解析】句意:約翰,請從書包里拿出你的字典來查這個新單詞??疾閯釉~短語。A. take away拿走、帶走;B. take up占據(jù)、開始從事;C. take off起飛、脫下;D. take out取出、拿出。根據(jù)語境:請你的字典從你的書包里來查這個新單詞,可知此處表達的是“取出、拿出”,結合選項可知D選項符合題意,故答案選D。模擬題檢測1. (安徽省桐城市第二中學2019屆九年級下學期第三次模擬).After a weeks discussion, they finally _ these agreements.A. agreed toB. agreed onC. depended onD. took down【答案】B【解析】句意:在一周的討論后,他們最終同意這些協(xié)議。本題考查動詞短語辨析。A. agreed to贊同某人的建議 B. agreed on: (兩人以上) 就取得一致意見C. depended on取決于 D. took down取下; 拆卸; 記錄,結合句意,故選B。2. (廣東珠海市北大附屬實驗學校初中部2020屆九年級上學期10月調(diào)研)I love this song by Liang Bo. Would you mind _ the TV a bit ? I cant hear it clearly.A. turning onB. to turn offC. turning upD. turn up【答案】C【解析】句意“我喜歡梁博唱的這首歌,你是否介意將電視聲音調(diào)高一點?我不能聽得很清楚”。turn on打開;turn off關閉;C.turn up調(diào)高(聲音等)。第一空處,根據(jù)mind可知,用mind doing“介意做某事”,排除B和D;且根據(jù)I cant hear it clearly“我不能聽得很清楚”可知,表示“調(diào)高聲音”。故選C。3. (廣東省江門市2019-2020學年度第一學期期中調(diào)研測試)Jim, long time no see! Where have you ?I Beijing with my parents.A. been; have gone to B. been, have been toC. gone; went D. gone; have gone to【答案】B【解析】 句意:吉姆,好久不見!你去哪里了?我和父母去北京了??疾閎e動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的用法。注意與動詞go 的現(xiàn)在完成時的用法的區(qū)別。have been (to)表示“去過”某地,人已回來。而have gone to表示“去”某地了,人還沒有回來。因為談論時當事人已從北京回來,故選B。4. (2019年江蘇省連云港市贛榆實驗中學中考英語模擬) Life is a journey with trouble, but with care and wisdom you can _ any problem you face.A. put outB. hand outC. find outD. work out【答案】D【解析】句意:-生活是一段有困難的旅程,但有了細心和智慧,你就能解決你面臨的任何問題??疾閯釉~短語。A. put out熄滅,撲滅;B. hand out分發(fā);C. find out發(fā)現(xiàn),找出,查明;D. work out想出,解決,計算出。結合句意可知填work out;選D。 5. (河南省南陽市內(nèi)鄉(xiāng)縣2019屆九年級中招一模) The strongest people are not always those who win, but those who dont _ when they lose.A. set upB. cheer upC. give upD. show up【答案】C【解析】句意“最強壯的人不總是那些贏的人,而是那些當他們失敗不放棄的人”。A.建立;B.使高興,使振奮;C.放棄;D.出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)句意可知,表示“那些遇到失敗而不放棄的人”,故選C。6. (安徽省桐城市第二中學2019屆九年級下學期第三次模擬) Jack _ his father, because they are both easygoing.A. looks afterB. looks likeC. takes afterD. looks up【答案】C【解析】句意:杰克長得像他的父親。因為他們兩都很隨和。本題考查動詞短語辨析。A. looks after 照顧B. looks like可以用于所有場合,既可指人也可指物,只指外表看上去像C. takes after 意為“長得像,行為、性格等像”,尤其是像自己的長輩,可解釋為be similar to D. looks up查找,根據(jù)后文指的是性格很像,故選C。7. (2019年江蘇省連云港市贛榆實驗中學中考模擬)Whats wrong with Simon? He isnt at school today. His legs hurt. He was _ by a motorcycle this morning.A. treatedB. operatedC. hitD. cured【答案】C【解析】句意:-西蒙怎么了?他今天沒來學校。-他的腿疼。今天早上他被摩托車撞了。考查動詞辨析。A. treated對待,治療;B. operated操作,手術;C. hit碰,撞,擊;D. cured治愈,治好。根據(jù)上文“他的腿疼?!笨芍敖裉煸缟纤荒ν熊囎擦??!苯Y合句意可知填hit;選C。8. (2019年廣西省北部灣經(jīng)濟區(qū)中考英語模擬) Theboyhasagoodhabitto_allthethingsinrightplaces.A. putawayB. putupC. takeawayD. takeup【答案】D【解析】句意:這個男孩有一個在合適的地方開始做所有事情的好習慣。Put away 整理,收拾;put up 張貼,懸掛;take away帶走,拿走;take up著手,開始。根據(jù)句意選D。9. (2019年江蘇省連云港市贛榆實驗中學中考英語模擬)Whats wrong with Simon? He isnt at school today. His legs hurt. He was _ by a motorcycle this morning.A. treatedB. operatedC. hitD. cured【答案】C【解析】句意:-西蒙怎么了?他今天沒來學校。-他的腿疼。今天早上他被摩托車撞了。考查動詞辨析。A. treated對待,治療;B. operated操作,手術;C. hit碰,撞,擊;D. cured治愈,治好。根據(jù)上文“他的腿疼?!笨芍敖裉煸缟纤荒ν熊囎擦恕!苯Y合句意可知填hit;選C。10. (安徽蚌埠局屬20192020學年第一學期第二次聯(lián)考) What do you think of the sofa?Not bad, but it may too much space of our living room.A. take up B .put up C .open up D .make up.【答案】A【解析】句意:你認為這個沙發(fā)怎么樣?不錯,但是它可能占據(jù)了我們客廳太多的空間。Rake up 占據(jù);put up搭建,張貼;open up打開;make up編造。根據(jù)句意選A。11. (安徽省淮西西區(qū)20192020學年第一學期期中) Though Huang Wenxiu lost his life in the accident, her family the things she did.A. take part in B. take an interest in C. take after D. take pride in【答案】D【解析】句意:雖然黃文秀在事故中犧牲了,但是她的家人為她做的事而自豪。Take part in 參加;take an interest in對感興趣;take after像;take pride in引以為自豪。根據(jù)句意選D。12. (安徽淮南20192020學年第一學期期中聯(lián)考) When you dont know a word, you can in a dictionary.A.look it over B.look up it C.look it down D.look it up【答案】D【解析】句意:當你不認識一個單詞的時候,你可以在字典中查閱。Look over檢查;look up查閱;look down瞧不起。根據(jù)句意應用look up,又look up是“動詞+副詞”結構的短語,代詞應防在兩者之間。13.(湖北武漢新洲區(qū)20192020學年第一學期期中聯(lián)考) He caught the thief by himself on the bus. All of us _ him for his courage. A. enjoyed B. imagined C. admired D. warned【答案】C【解析】句意:在公交車上他獨自一個人捉賊。我們所有人都仰慕他的勇氣。Enjoy喜歡,享受;imagine想象;admire欣賞,仰慕;warn警告,告誡。根據(jù)句意選C。14.(人大附中2019年初三年級下學期質(zhì)檢題)Are you going to _ our English debating (辯論) team?Yes,I am.A. take part inB. joinC. join inD. attend【答案】B【解析】句意:你打算加入我們的英語辯論隊了嗎?是的,我打算加入。take part in參加,join加入,join in加入某種活動,attend出席。根據(jù)賓語our English debating team可知此處表示加入某種團體,故用join。故選B。