2020年中考英語易錯(cuò)易丟分專題13祈使句和倒裝句含解析
專題13 祈使句和倒裝句丟分題詳解【2019 青海省中考】_ on the grass. Its a rule of the park. A. Step B. Don t stepC. To step【試題答案】B 【參考解析】由句意“勿踏草地,這是公園的規(guī)矩。” 可知句子是否定祈使句,用dont+動(dòng)詞原形開頭。故選B。丟分探因此題考查祈使句,學(xué)生易誤選A,祈使句的句首要用動(dòng)詞原形,祈使句的否定,在句首加助動(dòng)詞dont, 因此學(xué)生很容易看到動(dòng)詞原形step就選,而忽視了后面的附加句“這是公園的規(guī)矩”這個(gè)具體的語境。查漏補(bǔ)缺祈使句的基本用法祈使句是用來表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議或勸告等的句子。常省略主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用原形。1. 肯定的祈使句句型:動(dòng)詞原形其他成分。Be careful! 小心!Do祈使句表示一種強(qiáng)烈的感情或請(qǐng)求,do起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。please用在祈使句中可以表示一種客氣的語氣,但please用在句末時(shí),必須用逗號(hào)與其余部分隔開。Close the door, please. 請(qǐng)關(guān)門。2. 否定的祈使句常用句型:Dont動(dòng)詞原形其他成分。Dont be late for school again! 別再遲到了!用Never開頭:Never動(dòng)詞原形其他成分。Never leave todays work for tomorrow! 不要把今天的工作留到明天!3. Let引導(dǎo)的祈使句以Let開頭的句子也是祈使句,表示陳述和建議。其否定形式有兩種:Let.not或Dont. Let us not be late. 讓我們不要遲到。Dont let the boy play football in the street. 不要讓這個(gè)男孩在街上踢足球。【典例】1. Mark, please dont play basketball on the road. Its very dangerous._. I am going home at once.A. Have a great timeB. Sorry, I wont do thatC. Id like toD. OK, with pleasure【答案】B【解析】對(duì)今后不要做某事的命令或請(qǐng)求表示接受時(shí),回答要用否定的將來時(shí)。2. _ buy your ticket from a ticket machine. There are lots of people there. A. NotB. Not tooC. DontD. Dont to【答案】C【解析】祈使句的否定形式是在句子前面加dont,故選C。3. Look at the sign; what does it mean? It means _. A. Dont talkingB. No talkingC. Not talk【答案】B【解析】表示不要說話可以使用Dont talk. 或No talking. 兩種形式,因此選B項(xiàng)。祈使句與簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換1. Lets + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他可轉(zhuǎn)換為Shall we + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他? 。Lets go fishing this afternoon. =Shall we go fishing this afternoon? 2. 祈使句 + and/or + 簡(jiǎn)單句可轉(zhuǎn)換為含if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句。Use your head, and youll find a way. =If you use your head, youll find a way. Hurry up, or well be late. =If we dont hurry up, well be late. 【典例】_ a dairy every day and youll improve your writing. A. KeepingB. To keepC. KeepD. If you keep【答案】C【解析】句意:每天記日記,那么你將會(huì)提高你的寫作水平。祈使句(動(dòng)詞原形居首) + and you will. 意為做,你就會(huì)。故選C。祈使句的應(yīng)答語1. 以Lets開頭的祈使句,其答語常用Good idea. /OK. /Yes, Id love to. 等。Lets go to the park. 讓我們?nèi)ス珗@吧。Good idea. 好主意。2. 其他肯定祈使句的應(yīng)答語為Yes, I will.;否定祈使句的應(yīng)答語為Sorry/No, I wont(do it again).。Its going to rain. Remember to take an umbrella with you. 就要下雨了。記著帶上雨傘。Thanks, I will. 謝謝,我會(huì)的。Dont play with my cat. 不要和我的貓玩。Sorry, I wont do it again. 對(duì)不起,我將不再那樣做了。 【典例】Wish you good luck in the entrance exam. _. The same to you. A. Thank youB. See youC. Im sorry to hear that【答案】A【解析】對(duì)別人的美好祝愿應(yīng)表示感謝。故選A。方法技巧祈使句用法口訣祈使句,無主語,動(dòng)詞開頭就可以。表示請(qǐng)求或命令,加上please表客氣。要想變成否定句,Dont開頭別忘記。丟分題詳解 1. 【2019 湖北省鄂州市】Last summer holiday, I didnt go anywhere. How boring!_ But Im going somewhere for a holiday this summer.A. Neither I didB. Neither did IC. So did ID. So I did【參考答案】B【試題解析】句意:去年暑假,我哪兒都沒去,真無聊!我也是,但是今年夏天我打算去找個(gè)地方度假。Neither I did形式錯(cuò)誤;Neither did I.我也沒有;So did I.我也一樣,只能用于肯定句;So I did.我的確那樣做了。根據(jù)對(duì)話中But Im going somewhere for a holiday this summer.可知第二個(gè)說話人也是哪兒都沒去,neither是否定的意思,位于句首,應(yīng)用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),故選B。丟分探因 此題考查倒裝句,neither + 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語 是倒裝句,表示否定含義,意為我也不,此題上句表示去年暑假,我哪兒都沒去。,下句表示我也哪里也沒去,助動(dòng)詞為did,故用Neither did I,So did I 表示我也去過,不符合語境。查漏補(bǔ)缺倒裝句倒裝作為一種語法現(xiàn)象,主要包括完全倒裝(有的書稱之為全部倒裝)和部分倒裝(有的書稱之為半倒裝或不完全例裝)兩種。完全倒裝就是把謂語動(dòng)詞完全放在主語之前,而部分倒裝就是把助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語之前。部分倒裝倒裝條件例句一般疑問句中,將助動(dòng)詞放到主語之前,構(gòu)成部分倒裝。Do you like eating apples?你喜歡吃蘋果嗎?特殊疑問句中,疑問詞作賓語、表語或狀語,需要將其置于句首,將助動(dòng)詞置于主語前構(gòu)成部分倒裝。Where have you been these days?這些天你到哪里去了?"only+狀語/狀語從句位于句首時(shí),句子要用部分倒裝。Only in this way can you improve your grade. 只有用這種方法你才能提高自己的成績。表示否定意義的詞或短語,如little, hardly, never, in no case, seldom等,放在句首時(shí),句子要用部分倒裝。Hardly a day goes by without a visit from someone. 幾乎沒有一天沒有來訪者。虛擬條件句中,從句謂語部分中有were, had或should可省略if,把were,had或should提到主語前。Should we succeed, we would be rich. 我們一旦成功就發(fā)財(cái)了。" so. that.句型中,"so+adj. /adv.位于句首時(shí)。So fast did he run that we couldnt catch up with him. 他跑得如此快,以至于我們趕不上他。表示也(不) 的句式,即so/neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be+主語形式。I dont like it; neither do I care it. 我不喜歡它,也不在意它。某些含有否定含義的詞位于句首時(shí),如not onlybut also,hardlywhen,nosoonerthan, notuntil等,主句用部分倒裝。Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老師進(jìn)來學(xué)生們才停止講話。may表示祝愿時(shí)用部分倒裝。May you have a good time! 祝你玩得愉快!【易錯(cuò)警示】1.特殊疑問句中,如果疑問詞作主語或修飾主語時(shí),則不用倒裝。Who knows the answer to this question?誰知道這個(gè)問題的答案?2. so+主語+謂語結(jié)構(gòu)不用倒裝。Jimmy is good at playing football. 吉米足球踢得很好。So he is. 的確?!镜淅縆unming is really a comfortable city to live in._. The weather is pleasant.A. So it is B. So is it C. So it does D. So does it【答案】A【解析】句意:昆明真是個(gè)非常舒服的居住城市。答語表示昆明的確如此,要用so+主語+謂語結(jié)構(gòu),即so it is。完全倒裝倒裝條件例句表示方位、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、次序的詞,如in, out,up, there, then, here, first等放在句首,若主語是名詞而不是代詞時(shí),句子用完全倒裝Here comes the bus. 公交車來了。Here he comes. 他來了。分詞短語置于句首時(shí),句子用完全倒裝Lying on the couch is an old lady. 躺在睡椅上的是一位老太太。There be句型是全倒裝的一種There are a number of teachers and students in the school. 在這所學(xué)校有很多老師和學(xué)生。作表語的such位于句首時(shí)Such are the most powerful voices of our times!這些就是我們時(shí)代的最強(qiáng)音!【巧學(xué)助記】全部倒裝并不難,需要記住這幾點(diǎn);位置副詞there句首,表語such提句前,介詞短語表地點(diǎn),全部倒裝謂在前?!镜淅?. I have read the book Sence and Sensibility. _.A. So have I B. Neither have I C. So I have【答案】A【解析】答語表示我也讀過這本書,用so+助動(dòng)詞+主語結(jié)構(gòu),即So have I。2. Im not going swimming this afternoon._. I have to help my mother do some cleaning.A. So am I B. So I am C. Neither am I D. Neither I【答案】C【解析】由答語后半句可知,此處表示我也不去,故要用neither + be+主語結(jié)構(gòu),故選C?!颈嫖觥縮o助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語和neither助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語的區(qū)別區(qū)別so助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語依附于肯定句,表示前邊的肯定情況也適合后邊的人(物),意為也。neither助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語依附于否定句,表示前邊的否定情況也適合后邊的人(物),意為也不。Tom watched TV last night, so did Ann.湯姆昨晚看電視了,安也看了。Mary didnt watch TV last night, neither did Jim.瑪麗昨晚沒有看電視,吉姆也沒看。【注意】若對(duì)前面所說的事實(shí)加以肯定時(shí),應(yīng)用so主語be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。此時(shí)前后兩個(gè)句子的主語為同一個(gè)人或物。這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)常用來說明前面所說的情況也同樣適用于后面的人或物,意思是某人(物)也(不)是這樣。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在形式上與前句的謂語保持一致,而其單復(fù)數(shù)形式則由后句的主語決定。Lucy is a good student, so is Lily. 露西是個(gè)好學(xué)生,莉莉也是。方法技巧倒裝句速記口訣副詞開頭要例裝,人稱代詞則如常。only修飾副介狀,位于句首半倒裝。否定意義副連詞,既不也不須倒裝。表語前置主語長,銜接自然常倒裝。such代詞做表語,引起主謂要倒裝。Not only開頭句,前一分句須倒裝。had,were,should虛擬句,省略if半倒裝。中考題演練1. 【2019 湖北省宜昌中考】More and more people prefer to walk rather than ride in cars. . Walking is good for health.A. So they areB. So are theyC. So they doD. So do they【答案】C【解析】句意:越來越多的人寧愿走路也不愿坐車。確實(shí)如此,步行對(duì)健康有好處。So+助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞+主語是部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),表示前面提出的某一肯定的情況也同樣適合于后者;后一句子若只是重復(fù)前句的意思,主語仍是上文的人或物,表示對(duì)上文所講事實(shí)的肯定或強(qiáng)調(diào),則用So +主語+助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。上句prefer to walk是動(dòng)詞短語,本句需用相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞,可排除系詞are;根據(jù)Walking is good for health.可知這里是重復(fù)前句的意思,為加強(qiáng)語氣,需用So +主語+助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu),故選C。2. 【2019 貴州省安順中考】Wang Bin has never stopped smoking, _ he?_, he hasnt. Although his wife always advises him not to.A. has; YesB. hasnt; YesC. has; NoD. hasnt; No【答案】C【解析】句意:王斌絕不戒煙,是嗎?是的,他絕不戒煙。盡管他妻子總是勸他不要抽煙??疾榉匆庖蓡柧洹7匆庖蓡柧錁?gòu)成有兩種形式:(1)前肯后否,前句是肯定的陳述句,后句是否定簡(jiǎn)短問句;(2)前否后肯,前句是否定的陳述句,后句肯定的簡(jiǎn)短問句。無論哪種形式,其回答要根據(jù)事實(shí)回答,形式保持一致,肯定回答是Yes, do/does/is/has等,否定回答No, dont/doesnt/isnt/hasnt等。本句前句有never可知是否定的陳述句,可知后面使用肯定的簡(jiǎn)短問句,填has;本句是否定回答,可知填No;故選C。3. 【2019 甘肅省天水中考】There is nothing left in the fridge, _?_. Lets go to the supermarket to buy some. A. is there; YesB. isnt there; YesC. is there; NoD. isnt there; No【答案】C【解析】句意:冰箱里什么都沒有了,是嗎?是的,我們?nèi)コ匈I些吧。原句是含be動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),根據(jù)句中的nothing可知陳述句部分是否定,所以反意疑問句用肯定is there,反意疑問句的回答根據(jù)事實(shí)肯定用yes,否定用no,根據(jù)Lets go to the supermarket to buy some我們?nèi)コ匈I些吧,可知用no。故選C。 4. 【2019 貴州省黔南黔西南黔東南三州中考】Steven had nothing for breakfast this morning,_?No. Because he had a fever. A. hadnt heB. had heC. didnt heD. did he【答案】D【解析】原句是一般過去時(shí),根據(jù)句中的nothing可知陳述句部分是否定,所以反意疑問句用肯定did he,故選D。5. 【2019 湖北省黃石市中考】He didnt go to school, did he? _, though he had a stomachache. A. No, he didnt B. Yes, he didnt C. Yes, he did D. No, he did【答案】C【解析】句意:他沒有上學(xué),是嗎?不,他上學(xué)了。雖然他肚子痛。本題考查反意疑問句的回答,反意疑問句的回答根據(jù)事實(shí)肯定用yes,否定用no,由thoughhehadastomachache雖然他肚子痛,可知用Yes he did。不,他上學(xué)了。故選C。6. 【2019 甘肅省天水中考】Peter has made great progress in English recently._. He has been studying so hard these days.A. So have heB. So he hasC. So he haveD. So has he【答案】B【解析】句意:彼得最近在英語方面取得重大進(jìn)步。的確如此。他這些天一直在努力學(xué)習(xí)。so +助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語,表示前面所說的情況也適合后者,意思是也是,前后句的主語不同;so+主語+助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,表示對(duì)前面情況的一種肯定,意思是的確如此。根據(jù)He has been studying so hard these days.可知近來彼得取得了很大進(jìn)步,在這里要表示確實(shí)是這樣,用so+主語+謂語,排除C,D;句子的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主語是he,所以用has,故答案為B。7.(2019桂林中考)_ more books, and you will improve your reading skills. A.Reading B.Read C.Reads 【答案】B【解析】句意:多讀書,你就會(huì)提高你的閱讀技巧。該句為祈使句,祈使句的肯定句通常以動(dòng)詞原形開頭,故選B。8. 【2019 內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特中考】_ me an email before you come to Hohhot, and Ill meet you at the train station. A. Send B. Sending C. To send D. Sent【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)句意:你來呼和浩特之前給我發(fā)一封電子郵件,我在火車站等你。可知句子 是祈使句,以動(dòng)詞原形開頭。故選A。9.【2019 四川省眉山市中考】_ noise pollution, and we can live in a quiet environment.A. PreventB. PreventingC. PreventedD. To prevent【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞形式辨析。句意:防止噪音污染,我們可以生活在一個(gè)安靜的環(huán)境里。本句是祈使句+ and +陳述句固定結(jié)構(gòu),祈使句相當(dāng)于條件句;祈使句省略主語you,直接以動(dòng)詞原形開頭,故選A。模擬題檢測(cè)1. (安徽省潛山區(qū)2020屆上學(xué)期月考題) Dont touch these new buttons. Sorry, I _. A. am not B. wont C. dont D. didnt 【答案】B【解析】句意:不要觸摸那些新按鈕。對(duì)不起,我不會(huì)了。該句考查祈使句的否定句。當(dāng)對(duì)方以祈使句的形式要求你不做某件事的時(shí)候,我們應(yīng)該回答“Sorry, I wont.”。2.(廣東江門恩平市2019-2020學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中調(diào)研)Mike likes playing basketball A. So does he.B. So he isC. So she doesD. So he does【答案】D【解析】句意:-邁克喜歡打籃球。-確實(shí)如此??疾榫涫健o+主語+助動(dòng)詞,確實(shí)如此。此結(jié)構(gòu)中主語就是前一句的主語;so +助動(dòng)詞+主語,也一樣。結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語與前一句的主語是兩個(gè)不同的主語。A. So does he.主語he即為Mike,所以要用So+主語+助動(dòng)詞,故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;B. So he is前一句中動(dòng)詞為行為動(dòng)詞likes,所以助動(dòng)詞要用does,故B錯(cuò)誤;C. So she does. Mike男孩,主語she錯(cuò)誤;D. So he does.確實(shí)如此。故答案為D。3. (河南省南陽市內(nèi)鄉(xiāng)縣2019屆九年級(jí)中招一模)_ challenges actively, and then youll try your best to overcome them and you will become a better person.A. To faceB. FaceC. FacingD. Faces【答案】B【解析】句意“積極地面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn),然后你將會(huì)盡你最大的努力來克服他們并且成為一個(gè)更好的人”。根據(jù)句意可知,用祈使句+and+陳述句(一般將來時(shí))。祈使句省略主語you,直接以動(dòng)詞原形開頭,故選B。4. (河北武邑中學(xué)2019-2020學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期)-Please dont stay up too late. Its bad for your health. - _. A. No, I didnt B. No, I wont C. No, I will D. Yes, I do【答案】B【解析】句意:請(qǐng)不要熬夜到很晚。對(duì)你的健康有害。對(duì),我不那樣了。考查祈使句的答句。上一句為祈使句的否定句,故答句要表接受別人的請(qǐng)求、建議或要求時(shí),就用“Sorry/ No, I wont.”,故選B。6. (安徽淮南2019-2020學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中質(zhì)檢題) You to play the guitar?Yes,but now I play the piano. A. Did; use B. Did; used C. Are; used D. Were; use【答案】A【解析】句意:你過去彈吉他嗎?是的,但是現(xiàn)在我彈鋼琴。Used to表“過去,曾經(jīng)”,構(gòu)成疑問句時(shí)通常加助動(dòng)詞did,后面的used去掉字母-d。故選A。7. (2019年江蘇省連云港市贛榆實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)中考英語模擬)_ do you go to the theatre?I seldom go there because I like seeing movies online.A. How longB. How soonC. How oftenD. How many times【答案】C【解析】句意:-你多久去一次劇院?-我很少去那里,因?yàn)槲蚁矚g在網(wǎng)上看電影??疾樘厥庖蓡柧洹. How long多久,多長時(shí)間,詢問做某事做了多長時(shí)間;B. How soon多久,詢問從現(xiàn)在起再過多長時(shí)間,一般用于將來時(shí);C. How often多久一次,多長時(shí)間一次,詢問做某事的頻度;D. How many times多少次。根據(jù)回答“我很少去那里”可知詢問“去劇院的頻度”;可知填How often;選C。8._ here quickly, Alice. I have something exciting to tell you.A. ComingB. ComesC. ComeD. To come【答案】C 【解析】句意:快來這里,愛麗絲。我有激動(dòng)人心的事要告訴你。祈使句有肯定祈使句和否定祈使句,肯定祈使句以動(dòng)詞原形開頭,否定祈使句以dont+動(dòng)詞原形開頭,結(jié)合句意和語境可知選C。9.Im worried about my English._ harder, _ you will catch up with your classmates.A. Working;andB. To work;orC. Work;andD. Worked;or【答案】C 【解析】句意:我擔(dān)心我的英語。努力學(xué)習(xí)吧,你會(huì)趕上你的同學(xué)的。祈使句 + and + 陳述句表示遞進(jìn),做了前面的事,就會(huì)有后面的結(jié)果;祈使句 + or + 陳述句表示轉(zhuǎn)折,做了(不做)前者,就不會(huì)有后面的結(jié)果。故選C。10.Dont _ late for class.A. beingB. beC. to be【答案】B 【解析】句意:上課不要遲到。根據(jù)句意及題干分析此題是考查祈使句,祈使句是以動(dòng)詞原形開頭,否定句在前面加dont,所以應(yīng)選B。11.(2016學(xué)年廣西北海合浦縣五中七年級(jí)下期中考試)Tony, _ play with the mobile phone while youre walking in the street. A. dontB. doesntC. wontD. cant【答案】A 【解析】句意:托尼,當(dāng)你走在街上的時(shí)候不要玩手機(jī)。dont 不要;doesnt用于主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的時(shí)候;wont不會(huì),是will not的縮寫;cant不能,不會(huì)。這是一個(gè)祈使句,托尼并不是句子的主語,而且是否定的祈使句,故在句首應(yīng)該用dont,選A。12.(2016屆山西大同一中初三上期階段性學(xué)業(yè)水平測(cè)試)_ that I couldnt see the magicians performance myself. My parents dont allow me to go outside alone.A. Be sureB. Its a pityC. Make sure【答案】B 【解析】句意:很可惜我不能親自去看那個(gè)魔術(shù)師的表演了。我的父母不允許我獨(dú)自出外。be sure確保;its a pity很可惜;make sure保證。故選B。13. I hope to visit Beijing one day. _. A. So I do B. So do I C. Yes, I hope to do D. Yes, I will 【答案】B【解析】本題為倒裝句。so+助動(dòng)詞+主語(當(dāng)主語和上文中的主語是同一人或事物時(shí)),so+主語+助動(dòng)詞(當(dāng)主語與上文的主語不是同一人時(shí))。14. Jim and I will go to the post office this afternoon. _. _ go together? A. So I do; Why dont B. So do I; What about C. So I will; How about D. So will I; Shall we【答案】D【解析】so引導(dǎo)的倒裝句,如果主語與上文不一致,就用完全倒裝,故選D。