現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法詳解英語課件.ppt

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與反義疑問句,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去,但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成：主語+have(has)+v.過去分詞+其他.主語+havent/hasnt+v.過去分詞+其他.-Have/Has+主語+v.過去分詞+其他？-Yes,主語+have/has.No,主語+havent/hasnt.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型？,用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtime.that結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itisthethirdtimethattheboyhasbeenlate.2）Thisisthethat結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).ThisisthebestfilmthatIve(ever)seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。Thisisthefirsttime(that)Iveheardhimsing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。Haveyoureadthatstory?你讀過那個(gè)故事嗎？（讀這一動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響為：是否知道故事中的內(nèi)容）Ihaveboughttwoapples.我買了兩個(gè)蘋果。（買這一動作發(fā)生在過去對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是：擁有兩個(gè)蘋果）在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時(shí)，還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用的幾個(gè)副詞：already，just多用于肯定句中，yet，ever，never多用于疑問句和否定句中。如：Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)。,1.Hehasjusthadsupper.他剛吃過晚飯。2.HaveyoueversungthisEnglishsong?你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎？3.Theyhaventdonethehomeworkyet.他們還沒有做作業(yè)。4.Wehaveneverseenafilm.我們從來沒有看過電影。5.Hehasdied.他死了。,2.表示過去開始的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至還可能繼續(xù)下去；常和表示從過去某一時(shí)刻起延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間狀語連用。如：Theyhavelivedherefortenyears.他們住在這兒有十年了。Shehastaughtinthisschoolsincethreeyearsago.她從三年前開始就在這個(gè)學(xué)校教書。Wehaveknowneachothersincewewereveryyoung.我們從很小的時(shí)候就彼此認(rèn)識。注意：用于這種用法中的動詞必須是表示連續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)的詞，如：live、work、teach、study、stay、wait、know、be、have、learn、wear、walk、sleep等，這類動詞叫做“延續(xù)性動詞”。英語中還有另一種動詞，如：buy、join、become、begin、fall、come、go、hear、die、close、open、leave、borrow、等，它們只表示短暫的動作，不能表示一個(gè)延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，這類動詞叫做“瞬間性動詞”，它們可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但是不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。,短暫性動詞變延續(xù)性動詞：join-2)come-3)borrow-4)buy-5)arrive-6)leave-7)begin-8)open-9)close-10)die-,bein/a,bein/at,keep,have,be,beaway(from),beon,beopen,beclosed,bedead,_adj.,_adj.,這只狗死了。這只狗昨天死了。這只狗一天前死了。這只狗死了一天。,Thedoghasdied.Thedogdiedyesterday.Thedogdiedadayago.Thedoghasbeendeadforaday.,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,戲劇開始了。戲劇半小時(shí)前開始了。戲劇開始半個(gè)小時(shí)了。我買了一臺電腦。自從我來到這里就買了一臺電腦。,Theplayhasbegun.Theplaybeganhalfanhourago.Theplayhasbeenonforhalfanhour.,Ihaveboughtacomputer.IhavehadacomputersinceIcamehere.,典型例題(1)-Doyouknowourtownatall?-No,thisisthefirsttimeI_here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming答案B.Thisisthefirsttime后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。(2)-Haveyou_beentoourtownbefore?-No,itsthefirsttimeI_here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome答案D.ever意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時(shí)，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時(shí)。ThisisthelargestfishIhaveeverseen.Itis/wasthefirsttime+that-clause的句型中，從句要用完成時(shí)。,1.I_theway.I_hereforquitemanyyears.A.knewhavelivedB.knewliveC.knowhavelivedD.knowlive2._youever_America?Yes,Ihave.A.HavegonetoB.HavegoneinC.HavebeentoD.Havebeenin3.Mybrother_collegeforoverthreeyears.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.hasbeenat4.He_theArmybytheendof1989.He_inthearmysincethen.A.joinedisB.hasjoinedhasbeenC.hadjoinedisD.hadjoinedhasbeen5._you_thetextyet?Yes,we_ittwohoursago.A.DidcopydidB.HavecopiedhaveC.HavecopieddidD.Didcopyhad,C,C,C,D,C,5.“Why_she_angry?”“Becausehe_atherjustnow.”A.didgetshoutedB.hasgotshoutedC.didgethasshouted6._you_thefilmbefore?Where_you_it?A.HaveseendidseeB.DidseehaveseenC.Haveseenhaveseen7.You_mewaitingfortwohours.I_foryousincefive.A.keptwaitedB.havekeptwaitedC.kepthavewaitedD.havekepthavewaitedWhere_John_?Tothelibrary.He_thereforanhour.A.hasbeenhasgoneB.hasgonehasbeenC.didgowentD.didbewent,A,A,D,B,A.用already或yetHavetheytakendowntheoldpictures_?No,not_.2)Mostofushavefinishedourcompositions_.3)Hehasntvisitedthemuseum_.B.用since或for1)Wehavelearnedfivelessons_thebeginningofthisterm.2)MrsLiaohasbeeninhospital_lastweek.3)Ihavestayedatmyaunts_twoweeks.Ihavebeenhere_1999.Theyhavekeptthebooks_oneday.Ithasbeencold_twoweeksago.Wehavelearntalot_wecamehere.,yet,yet,already,yet,since,since,for,since,for,since,since,C.用havegone或havebeenWherearetheboystudents?They_totheschoolfactory.Isyourfatherin?No,he_toShenzhen._heever_therebefore?Yes,he_thereseveraltimes3)HeaskedmeifI_toHangzhoubefore.ItoldhimthatIwantedtogothereforavisitasI_never_tothatcitybefore.4)Mybrother_theGreatWallthreetimes.5)IwanttoreturnthebooktoJack,butIcantfindhim.-He_thelibrary.Youcanfindhimthere.,havegone,hasgoneto,Hasbeen,hasbeen,havebeen,havebeen,hasbeento,1)I_abike.I_thebikeaweekago.I_thebikeforaweek.(買了)2)He_.He_fortwodays.(死了)3)She_.She_foraday.(回來了)4)Thefactory_.It_forayear.(開辦了),havebought,bought,havehad,hasdied,hasbeendead,hascomeback,hasbeenback,hasopened,hasbeenopen,反義疑問句,概念：表示說話人對所陳述的事情有所懷疑或者不肯定，想通過對方的回答來加以肯定或者是否定。原則：前肯后否，前否后肯。不管問法，事實(shí)回答。注意否定詞：few,little,never,hardly,nothing,nobody,1.Therearefewstudentsintheclassroom,_?2.Hehaslittlemoney,_?3.Ihaveneverseenthisfilm,_?4.Thereisnothingnewinthenewspaper,_?5.Henevergotuplateinthepast,_?6.ShecanhardlyspeakEnglish,_?7.Pleaselistentome,_?8.LetsreviewModule6together,_?,反義疑問句的回答,1.Youhaveseenthisfilm,haventyou?a.-_.HowIwishtoseeitagain.b.-_.HowIwishto!2.Yourbrotherdoesntgetupearly,doeshe?-_.Buthegetsuplateonweekends.3.-Youhavekeptmybookforalongtime,_?-_.Illreturnittoyourightnow.4.-Youareneverlateforschool,areyou?-_.Ialwaysgotoshoolearlierthanothers.5.JimsneverbeentoBeijing,_?-_,hewenttheretwoyearsago.,Yes,Ihave,No,Ihavent,Wishyougetagoodmark!,