2020年中考英語易錯易丟分專題17閱讀理解含解析

閱讀理解丟分題詳解(2019北京卷)Blue LightningSally loved cars more than anything else. This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race. So she asked her dad for help.“Well,” he said. “How about this: you do some research first and then come back to me with a design.”A week later, Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad. She named her go-kart “Blue Lightning”. Dad looked over her work, thinking. “Well, thats interesting,” he said. “Have a try. Just build Blue Lightning as youve designed.”O(jiān)ver three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed.After she did that, Sally drove back to Dad. “Well,” she said. “Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive.”“Oh, do you?” he said. “Please share.”“When I drove fast, there was a lot of pushback,” she said. “I think its because of the lightning bolt (閃電) shape.”“Very good!” Dad said.“So, why didnt you tell me about that problem in the first place?” Sally asked.Dad laughed. “Wheres the fun in that? If you give a man a fish, hell eat for a day. But if you teach a man to fish, hell eat for a lifetime.”Sally said, “I see. Anyway, designing is half the fun!”Dad smiled. “Good. Sometimes, learning happens during the process. We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way.”That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder. When she showed Dad her new go-kart, he nodded with pride.Finally came the race. Sally wasnt worried about whether she would winin her mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before.24. Sally thought of building a go-kart to . A. practice driving B. enter for a race C. play with friends D. do some research25. What did Sallys dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart? A. To have a test drive. B. To take a good rest. C. To give it a cool name. D. To paint it light blue.26. Sallys story mainly tells us that . A. winning a race is important B. fishing brings us a lot of fun C. driving experience is necessary D. learning happens during the process【文章大意】薩莉參加了一個微型賽車制作比賽，在這個過程中，爸爸并沒有直接幫助她，而是鼓勵她在過程中學(xué)習(xí)，從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)。在準(zhǔn)備比賽的過程薩莉?qū)W到了很多，最后她能坦然地面對比賽了。24. B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race.”可知，Sally 想制作微型賽車是為了參加比賽。故選B。25. A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中的“Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive.”可知，做好這個微型賽車后，她爸爸讓她做一次試駕。故選A。26. D【解析】主旨大意題。通過薩利的這個故事，作者告訴我們從錯誤中學(xué)習(xí)，在過程中學(xué)習(xí)。故選D。丟分探因不少同學(xué)表示：我單詞、短語背了那么多，平時做了那么多閱讀題，長難句也試著攻克了，為什么還是對一些題目無從下手、選不出正確答案呢？（可以說是十分委屈了?。┈F(xiàn)將閱讀理解分為9種題型，分別來教同學(xué)們?nèi)绾瓮昝梨i定正確答案、拿滿分！一、例證題1. 例證題的標(biāo)志。當(dāng)題干中出現(xiàn)example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify等詞語時，同學(xué)們就要立刻開啟做例證題的模式啦！2. 回歸文章，找出該例證所在的位置，即給該例子定位。3. 搜索該例證周圍的區(qū)域，找出該例證支持的觀點(diǎn)。例子周圍具有概括抽象性的表達(dá)通常就是它的論點(diǎn)。4. 找出該論點(diǎn)，并與四個選項(xiàng)比較，得出選項(xiàng)中與該論點(diǎn)最一致的答案。5. 例證題錯誤答案設(shè)計的干擾特征經(jīng)常是：就事論事，即把例子中的某一內(nèi)容寫出來誤導(dǎo)你，讓你去選。二、指代題1. 回歸原文，找出問題中的指代詞。2. 在指代詞附近搜索，找最近的名詞、名詞性短語或句子。（先從最近點(diǎn)開始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不會離得太遠(yuǎn)）3. 將找到的詞、詞組或句子的意思代入替換該指代詞，看其意思是否通順。4. 將找到的詞、詞組或句子與四個選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較，找出最佳答案。三、詞匯題1. 首先還是要回歸原文，找出該詞匯出現(xiàn)在哪里。2. 通過句子，確定該詞匯的詞性。3. 從上下文（詞匯的前后幾句）中找到與所給詞匯具有相同詞性的詞（如一下子找不到就再往上往下找），代入所給詞匯在文章中的位置（將之替換）看語義是否合適。4. 找出選項(xiàng)中與代替詞意思相同或相近的選相，這就是答案！注意：（1）如果該詞匯是簡單詞匯，則其字面意思很大可能不是正確答案。（2）英語閱讀理解主要是考查同學(xué)們是否能根據(jù)上下文作出正確的判斷。（3）詞匯題的正確答案經(jīng)常蘊(yùn)藏在原文該詞匯出現(xiàn)的附近。注意不能靠單詞詞義直接往下推。（4）尋找時要注意同位語、特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)（比如分號，分號前后兩句話的邏輯關(guān)系不是形式上的并列就是語義上的并列，也就是兩句話的意思相同，所以可用其中一句話的意思來推測另一句話的意思從而推出所給詞匯含義）、定語從句、前后綴，特別要注意尋找時的同性原則。四、句子理解題1. 回歸原文找到原句。2. 對原句進(jìn)行語法和詞義的精確分析（找主干），應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)抓原句的字面含義。若該句的字面含義不能確定，則依據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行判斷。3. 一般來說，選項(xiàng)中的正確答案與原句意思完全相同，只不過用其他英語詞匯換種表達(dá)而已。4. 句子理解題的錯誤選項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng)特征：推得太遠(yuǎn)，做題時應(yīng)把握住推的度。五、推斷題1. 推斷題的標(biāo)志：learn, infer, imply, inform等。2. 看是否可以通過題干回歸原文或依據(jù)選項(xiàng)回歸原文。一般要圍繞文中的一兩個重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行推理。推理題無論通過題干能不能定位，我們都要把它固定到文章的一兩點(diǎn)上。3. 依據(jù)原文的意思進(jìn)行三錯一對的判斷。先不要進(jìn)行推理，若有一個選項(xiàng)跟原文的意思一模一樣，則該選項(xiàng)必然是正確答案。推理題不是考查同學(xué)們天馬行空的想象力，它其實(shí)是考查同學(xué)們是否讀透閱讀文章里的某幾個點(diǎn)所涉及的問題。4. 推理題的最近答案原則：不推的要比推的好，推的近的要比推的遠(yuǎn)的好，直接推出的要比間接推的好（原文的某句話變個說法），把原文讀懂才是做對推斷題的關(guān)鍵！六、主旨題串線摘帽，即在自然段少的時候串串線，串線法解不出來時，大帽子、小帽子摘一下。1. 主旨題的標(biāo)志：mainly about, mainly discuss, the best title等。2. 串線法：抓首段和其余各段的第一句話，把其意思連接成一個整體。要注意總結(jié)性的提示詞和轉(zhuǎn)折詞，特別要注意中心句。（主要針對自然段少的文章，針對自然段多的文章，主旨題最好聯(lián)系中心句，找一個和中心句最貼近的。）3. 很多時候，老師都會跟同學(xué)們說，首段往往就是中心主旨所在的地方。然而考君還是要提醒各位同學(xué)，小心首段陷阱！4. 主旨題錯誤選項(xiàng)的干擾特征是：（1）局部信息，即選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容小于文章的內(nèi)容；（2）范圍過寬，即選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容大于文章的內(nèi)容。5. 逆向思維法：在兩個選項(xiàng)看上去都十分正確無法選擇時，試著從選項(xiàng)出發(fā)，想象一下如果自己以此選項(xiàng)來寫文章會有那些內(nèi)容，然后把它與文章的內(nèi)容比較，接近的即為正確選項(xiàng)。七、作者態(tài)度題1. 作者態(tài)度題的標(biāo)志：attitude2. 應(yīng)精確理解四個選項(xiàng)的含義，不要摻雜自己的觀點(diǎn)。3. 可以尋找文中一些具有感情色彩的詞。例如：fortunately, excessively等。4. 舉例的方式。（是從正面舉例，還是反面舉例）5. 抓論述的主線。把第一段讀透，把其他各段的段首段尾句拉出來，看整個文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。6. 做作者態(tài)度題時同學(xué)們應(yīng)該特別注意，要清楚是誰對誰的態(tài)度。八、判斷題1. 看能否通過四個選項(xiàng)具體化到原文中一點(diǎn)或者根據(jù)自然段原則定位。2. 每個選項(xiàng)都應(yīng)回歸原文，不能憑主觀印象進(jìn)行判斷。3. 要重點(diǎn)抓是三錯一對還是三對一錯的關(guān)系。（做題時要看清題目的要求，選擇正確項(xiàng)，還是錯誤項(xiàng)。）九、細(xì)節(jié)題細(xì)節(jié)題不用多說了，最重要的就是回歸原文，在文章中找出題干所在位置，得出答案。十、重點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)1. 正確答案的特征（1）正確答案經(jīng)常與中心思想有關(guān)。（2）正確答案的位置，最常見的三個位置是：段首段尾處、轉(zhuǎn)折處、因果處。（3）正確答案經(jīng)常運(yùn)用的原則是：同義替換、正話反說、反話正說。（4）正確答案經(jīng)常具有概括性、深刻性。（5）從語氣角度來看，正確答案中經(jīng)常含有不肯定的語氣詞和委婉表達(dá)的用詞。例如：can, may, might, possible, not necessarily等。2. 錯誤答案的特征第一大層次：（1）無中生有（未提及的概念）；（2）正反混淆（選項(xiàng)的意思跟原文的意思正好相反）；（3）所答非所問（雖然選項(xiàng)的說法沒有問題，符合原文，但和題干搭不上邊）。第二大層次：（1）過分絕對；（2）擴(kuò)大范圍（注意隱蔽型的擴(kuò)大范圍mostly）；（3）因果倒置；（4）常識判斷；如果一個選項(xiàng)僅僅符合常識，不一定是正確答案，還要看文章中類似的意思有沒有出現(xiàn)；如果一個選項(xiàng)不符合常識，一定不是正答案。（5）推得過遠(yuǎn)；（6）偏離中心；（7）變換詞性。查漏補(bǔ)缺一、解題步驟根據(jù)近幾年閱讀理解題的命題特點(diǎn)和趨勢，我們可以將閱讀理解的解題步驟分為三步：1. 通讀全文，掌握大意。要了解出題人的意圖，抓住文章的主題句，就要在文首或文尾選擇好做題的切入口，弄清文章中的人物、時間、地點(diǎn)、事件、原因、經(jīng)過等要點(diǎn)，即掃讀文章，掌握文章大意。當(dāng)然，由于文章的難度不同，考生面對較高難度的題時，應(yīng)克服急躁心理，穩(wěn)定自己的情緒，再讀一遍或兩遍，直到明確文章的大意。2. 根據(jù)試題，重點(diǎn)再讀。第一步僅是讓大家對文章大意有一個大概的印象，是用來應(yīng)付那些需要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容來作出主觀判斷的綜合性題目的。但是在閱讀理解題中還有一些是直觀性的題目，在文章中可以找到原句作為答案，對于這種題目，考生應(yīng)結(jié)合題目對照文章所提供的信息，從而選出最佳答案。3. 推理判斷，確定答案。有些題一時難以從文中直接找出答案，這時就需要進(jìn)行分析、推理或歸納，但決不能離開文章而亂猜臆斷，還有些試題會涉及我們的日常生活或其他學(xué)科知識，這時我們要注意推理的科學(xué)性和合理性，再結(jié)合文章判斷答題。二、技巧點(diǎn)撥1. 要注意養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀心理，閱讀時要去除雜念，心緒要安定，精神要專一，要形成一種愜意的順向心理。切不可一遇到幾個生詞難句，就心煩意亂，失去自控能力。心理學(xué)家告訴我們，任何恐慌、過分緊張的情緒都會形成一種消極因素妨礙大腦的正常思維功能。因此，遇到困難一定要從容不迫、心無旁騖。這樣才能對所讀的文章印象清晰、理解深刻。 2. 要提高讀的速度，閱讀理解，從另一個方面來說，考的是速度。因此做閱讀理解題時，要注意培養(yǎng)自己快速閱讀的習(xí)慣。切不可在個別難懂的詞句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，個別難懂的詞句可以根據(jù)上下文語境和構(gòu)詞法去猜測、去推斷。 3. 對文章的評價分析，一定要堅(jiān)持詞不離句，句不離篇，要理解作者的原意，而不能按自己的意愿去想當(dāng)然。切記：一想當(dāng)然，就會出錯。（1）審視標(biāo)題，抓住中心。 試題中有的文章有標(biāo)題，有的沒有，擬題人是有所考慮的。標(biāo)題是文章主題的高度凝聚。它能給我們啟發(fā)和想象，了解文章的內(nèi)容和走向。這樣做有利于理解文章、提高做題的效率。（2）瀏覽全文，掌握全貌。 如果時間緊，至少要快速通讀全文，尤其是前兩段。再把標(biāo)題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來，這樣全文的梗概便一目了然了。 （3）細(xì)讀題目，抓住要點(diǎn)。 對整篇短文的內(nèi)容有了一定的了解后，要馬上看短文后的問題，帶著問題去選擇或判斷答案。要確定所需查找的信息范圍，并注意所查找信息的特點(diǎn)。如：如果問題或選項(xiàng)涉及到人名、地名，就應(yīng)該找首字母大寫的單詞；如果問題或選項(xiàng)涉及時間、日期、數(shù)字，就應(yīng)該尋找具體的數(shù)據(jù)。另外還要注意試題的難易，應(yīng)先繞開較難的題目，先做最有把握、最熟悉的題目，也就是可以直接或間接從文章中找到答案的。對于那些要進(jìn)行歸納判斷、邏輯推理的題目，需要再對全文快速閱讀，仔細(xì)分析思考，反復(fù)比較、推敲后選出正確答案。若文章短可先讀短文，后看文后題目；如果文章太長，你可以先把文章后面的問題看一遍，帶著問題去看文章。這樣可以幫助你閱讀時更有針對性，提高閱讀的速度和解題的正確性。要善于找關(guān)鍵句，特別要注意文章第一段和最后一段的首句，往往就是關(guān)鍵句，可以幫助你掌握文章的全貌，理解文章的主題。此外，還應(yīng)該細(xì)讀文章，因?yàn)橛袝r的試題是考細(xì)節(jié)。可以邊讀邊用鉛筆做標(biāo)記，把有關(guān)的畫出來。凡逢人物就圈起來，看完一數(shù)，有幾個圈就是幾個人，一目了然。 （4）細(xì)讀文章，掌握細(xì)節(jié)。 這次應(yīng)細(xì)品，不可一晃而過。可邊讀邊用鉛筆把有關(guān)的人物、事件、時間、地點(diǎn)、起因（即五個W：who，what，when，where，why）畫出來。經(jīng)過這樣的處理，你對文章的內(nèi)容和細(xì)節(jié)便會胸有成竹，對事態(tài)的發(fā)生、發(fā)展有了更加深入的了解。 （5）理解大意，初選答案。 一般短文都設(shè)有五個題目，對那些表層理解的題目可以斷然選定。對那些深層理解的題目，應(yīng)再查閱原文，但決不是簡單重讀，應(yīng)找出依據(jù)，把所有選項(xiàng)代入文中，再確定正誤。在確定答案時，對文章和題中的詞語應(yīng)結(jié)合上下文思考其確切意思，切忌望文生義，作出錯誤的判斷。 （6）復(fù)讀全文，核對答案。 要用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題，研究其內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系，并依次審核那些未獲解答的題，對照題目，推測判斷，確保理解無誤。（7）瞻前顧后，首尾突破 對一具體問題不要局限于一詞一事，而應(yīng)從短文整體考慮，從主線向外擴(kuò)展，打開思路，前后上下對照。這樣，可減少鉆牛角尖和繁瑣分析。而且，在中考試題中，即使是事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)題，也是圍繞或用以說明主旨和大意的。大多數(shù)短文，尤其是新聞報道或議論文的第一段，或每段的第一句，常包含了全文的主要信息或基本觀點(diǎn)；而結(jié)尾部分常是結(jié)局或結(jié)論。寓言或幽默文字的結(jié)尾也往往是點(diǎn)晴之筆或值得玩味之處。因此，抓住首尾就往往抓住了主要矛盾，主要矛盾解決了，次要矛盾也就迎刃而解了。中考題演練（2019 山東聊城中考）Part-time(兼職的) jobs for studentsBabysitter(臨時保姆)neededWe need a babysitter to look after our two boys aged 5 and 7 after school from 4: 30 p.m. to 6: 30p.m., Monday to Friday. $100 a week. Call Vicky at 6783-4521. Rose Hotel part-time workWe are looking for part-time workers to work in our hotel on Saturdays. Come in (8 a.m. to 6 p.m.) or call Mina at: 6123-8745(after 6 p.m.). Holiday jobDo you want to make some money this summer? Can you speak another language? We need French, Spanish or German speakers to work in the City Museum shop from Tuesday to Saturday. Send your CV(簡歷) to citymuscumshopjob. lkj. Newspaper delivery(遞送)We need young people to deliver newspapers on Monday, Wednesday and Friday mornings. The newspaper delivery takes 30 minutes in the village of Clanbrook. You must deliver the newspapers before 7: 30 a.m. and you must have your own bike. Interested? Ask for more information at Clanbrook post office. 44. How much can a babysitter get for an hour?A. 5 dollars.B. 7dollars.C. 10 dollars.D. 12 dollars.45. If Joy wants to get the job in Rose Hotel, she can call Mina at _.A. 8 a.m.B. 10 a.m.C. 5 p.m.D. 7 p.m.46. What can we know about the holiday job?A. It doesnt require any CV.B. It doesnt provide any pay.C. If you have got it, you neednt work on Monday.D. If you want to get it, you must speak three languages.47. If Harry takes the newspaper delivery job, he must _.A. work three mornings a weekB. use the bike of the post officeC. finish the work before 7:00 amD. be interested in the newspapers48. The four pieces of information above may be found in the part of in a newspaper.A. News.B. Ad(廣告).C. Sports.D. Recreation(娛樂).【文章大意】這是有關(guān)招聘學(xué)生做兼職工作的四則廣告信息：包括招聘臨時保姆、玫瑰酒店兼職、假期工以及報紙遞送。有具體的工作時間以及聯(lián)系方式等。44. C【解析】數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)表格Babysitter(臨時保姆)needed欄中的信息from 4: 30pm to 6: 30pm, Monday to Friday. $100 a week.可知，臨時保姆工作時間是周一到周五的下午四點(diǎn)半到六點(diǎn)半，每周工作10個小時，價格是每周100美元，因此每個小時10美元，答案為C。45. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格Rose Hotel part-time work欄中的信息Come in (8 a.m. to 6 p.m.) or call Mina at: 6123-8745(after 6 p.m.).可知，打進(jìn)電話要在傍晚6點(diǎn)之后，故答案選D。46. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格Holiday job欄中的信息Send your CV(簡歷)to citymuscumshopjob. lkj.可知，這份工作需要一份簡歷，A選項(xiàng)錯誤；根據(jù)Do you want to make some money this summer?可知，這份工作是提供報酬的，B選項(xiàng)錯誤；根據(jù)We need French, Spanish or German speakers to work in the City Museum shop from Tuesday to Saturday.可知，工作時間是周二到周六，C選項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)Can you speak another language?可知，應(yīng)聘者只要還會說法語、西班牙語或德語中的一種即可，D選項(xiàng)錯誤。故答案選C。47. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格Newspaper delivery(遞送)欄中的信息We need young people to deliver newspapers on Monday, Wednesday and Friday mornings. 我們需要年輕人在周一、周三和周五早晨送報紙。如果哈里接受送報紙的工作，他必須每周工作三個早晨。故答案選A。48. B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)標(biāo)題Part-time(兼職的)jobs for students可知，這是面向?qū)W生招聘兼職工作的廣告。因此這四則信息可能會出現(xiàn)在報紙上的廣告欄目，故答案為B。B（2019 湖北咸寧中考） In ancient times, there was a king who loved flowers. His palace was always decorated with beautiful orchids(蘭花) and other flowers. As the king grew older, he knew that one day he would have to give up his throne(王位). So he had to find someone to rule the country.The other day, the king had an idea. He asked his servants to travel to every part of the country and give every citizen a single orchid seed(種子). He then announced that the person who grew the most beautiful orchid would take his throne. Everyone in the country then got their own seed. One young man named David was especially excited about the news, because he had experience in growing flowers himself. David planted his seed in a pot and put it in a place where it would get lots of sunlight. He watched it carefully every day. But as hard as he tried, his flower simply would not grow. Finally, it was time for everyone to give their flowers to the king. David took his empty potto the palace. Your Majesty(尊敬的陛下), I am sorry to say that I could not grow an orchid. But I hope you can see that I tried my best, he said. The king was moved by Davids honesty. Although he did not choose David as the new king, he gave David a job as a royal court judge(法官). He believed that Davids honesty would make him the right person to make sure the justice(公正) in the country.1. According to the kings order, who could be the next king?A. The man who was the smartest.B. The man who was the most honest,C. The man who could plant the best seed.D. The man who could grow the most beautiful orchid.2. What do we know about David?A. He told a joke to the king.B. He failed to grow the kings orchid.C. He was good at growing orchids.D. He was chosen to be the next king.3. What does the underlined word it refers to in Paragraph 4?A. The pot.B. His flower.C. The seed.D. The sunlight.4. What can we learn from the story?A. David was the only winner in the end.B. It is stupid of the king to choose David as a judge.C. It is impolite of David to give an empty pot to the palace.D. The king believed honesty was very important for a judge.5. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Honesty Is the Best PolicyB. How to Grow OrchidsC. Flowers Are the Best GiftsD. Its Very Easy to Grow Orchids【文章大意】本文介紹了古代有一個喜歡花的國王。并且宣布能種植出最美麗蘭花的人將繼承王位。大衛(wèi)是一位年輕人，但無論怎么努力，都沒有種植出蘭花，帶著空花瓶去了宮殿。國王被大衛(wèi)的誠實(shí)所感動。雖然他沒有選擇大衛(wèi)作為新國王，但他給了大衛(wèi)一份皇家法院法官的工作，他相信大衛(wèi)的誠實(shí)會使他成為正直的人，以確保國家的正義。1. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)He then announced that the person who grew the most beautiful orchid would take his throne. 然后他宣布種植最美麗蘭花的人將繼承王位?？芍?，按照國王的命令，能種出最美麗蘭花的人可以成為下一個國王。故選D。2. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)But as hard as he tried, his flower simply would not grow. 但盡管他努力，他的花還是長不出來。可知，他沒有種出國王的蘭花。故選B。3. C【解析】推理判斷題。句子He watched it carefully every day.的意思是：他每天都仔細(xì)觀察。根據(jù)上文的句子David planted his seed in a pot and put it in a place where it would get lots of sunlight. 大衛(wèi)把種子種在盆里，放在陽光充足的地方。可知，句子中的it是指上文中的the seed，即：國王給的蘭花種子。故選C。4. D【解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是：我們能從這個故事中學(xué)到什么？根據(jù)he gave David a job as a royal court judge(法官).He believed that Davids honesty would make him the right person to make sure the justice(公正)in the country. 他給了大衛(wèi)一份皇家法院法官的工作，他相信大衛(wèi)的誠實(shí)會使他成為一個正直的人，以確保國家的公正?？梢酝瞥觯瑖跽J(rèn)為誠實(shí)對法官來說非常重要。故選D。5. A【解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是：以下哪一個是文章的最佳標(biāo)題？A. Honesty Is the Best Policy誠實(shí)是最好的為人之道。B. How to Grow Orchids如何種植蘭花。C. Flowers Are the Best Gifts花是最好的禮物。D. Its Very Easy to Grow Orchids蘭花很容易種植。根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容The king was moved by Davids honesty. Although he did not choose David as the new king, he gave David a job as a royal court judge(法官). He believed that Davids honesty would make him the right person to make sure the justice(公正)in the country. 可知，大衛(wèi)是一個非常誠實(shí)的人，國王才選擇他做皇家法院法官的。因此最好的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該選擇Honesty is the Best Policy誠實(shí)是最好的為人之道。故選A。C. (2019 江西中考）Everyone faces challenges in their life, but some are more important than others. Daniel Kish had serious problems with his eyes when he was born. And doctors took away both of his eyes before he was fourteen months old. Soon after, however, he started to do an amazing thing. He started to make clicking(咔塔) sounds with his tongue (舌頭) to help him move around. Much like a bat(蝙幅), he now moves about using sonar(聲吶). He is so good at it that he can ride a bicycle in traffic. He and his group, World Access for the Blind, teach others how to use sonar. In this interview with National Geographic, Kish explains how the process works.How does sonar work?When I make a clicking sound, it makes sound waves. These waves reflect(反射) off surfaces all around and return to my ears. My brain then processes the sounds into images(圖像). Its like having a conversation with the environmentWhen you click, what do you see in your mind?"Each click is like a camera flash. I make a 3D image of the things around me for hundreds of feet in every direction.What is it like riding a bike using sonar?Its exciting and enjoyable but requires a lot of focus. I click up to two times per second, much more than I usually do.Is it dangerous to move around the world in this way?"Much of the world lives in fear of things that we mostly imagine. I have a habit of climbing anything and everything, but I never broke a bone(骨頭) as a kid.How challenging is it to teach people to use sonar?Many students are surprised how quickly results come. Seeing isnt in the eyes, it s in the mind.1. Whats the main idea of Paragraph 2?A. Kish explains how sonar works.B. Kish teaches people how to use sonar.C. Kish started to move around using sonar.D. Kish is good at riding a bicycle in traffic.2. How does sonar work? Choose the right order. a. The sound waves reflect off surfaces. b. The person makes a clicking sound. c. The brain makes images with the sounds. d. The sound waves reach the persons ears.A. b-a-c-dB. b-d-a-cC. a-b-d-cD. b-a-d-c3. What can we know about Kish from the passage?A. He always challenges himself bravely.B. He lives in fear of things that he imagines.C. He became blind when he was 14 years old.D. He broke his bone when climbing as a child.4. What would be the best title for the passage?A. How Sonar Works.B. Riding a Bike Using Sonar.C. Seeing with the Mind.D. How the Blind Move Around.【文章大意】文章介紹了Daniel Kish因?yàn)閲?yán)重的眼睛疾病，醫(yī)生摘除了他的眼球，不久后，他就用舌頭發(fā)出咔塔聲來幫助他走路，就像蝙蝠一樣，用聲吶來走動，他解釋了這個過程是怎么工作的，舌頭發(fā)出的聲音反射回到耳朵，然后大腦加工成圖像，就像和環(huán)境對話，不是用眼睛看，而是用大腦看。1. C【解析】段落大意題。根據(jù)He started to make clicking(咔塔) sounds with his tongue舌頭) to help him move around. Much like a bat(蝙幅), he now moves about using sonar(聲吶). 不久后，他就用舌頭發(fā)出咔塔聲來幫助他走路，就像蝙蝠一樣，用聲吶來走動，可知這一段主要講訴Kish開始用聲吶走動；故選C。2. D【解析】順序排列題。根據(jù)I make a clicking sound, it makes sound waves. hese waves reflect(反射) off surfaces all around and return to my ears. My brain then processes the sounds into images(圖像).可知聲吶工作的順序是發(fā)出咔嗒聲，聲音從表面反射回來，到達(dá)人的耳朵，大腦把聲音制成圖像；故選D。3. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Much of the world lives in fear of things that we mostly imagine I have a habit of climbing anything and everything, but I never broke a bone (骨頭) as a kid.他沒有生活在想象的恐懼中，也沒傷到骨頭，根據(jù)And doctors took away both of his eyes before he was fourteen months old.可知是14個月，不是14歲；根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，可知他總是勇敢地挑戰(zhàn)自己；故選A。4. C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章介紹了Daniel Kish因?yàn)閲?yán)重的眼睛疾病，醫(yī)生摘除了他的眼球，不久后，他就用舌頭發(fā)出咔塔聲來幫助他走路，就像蝙蝠一樣，用聲吶來走動，他解釋了這個過程是怎么工作的，舌頭發(fā)出的聲音反射回到耳朵，然后大腦大腦加工成圖像，就像和環(huán)境對話，不是用眼睛看，而是用大腦看?？芍@段的最好題目是用大腦看；故選C。模擬題檢測A.（2019山東濰坊新華中學(xué)一模）Rahanna Bisseret Martinez is a 13-year-old chef(廚師) from Cambridge, UN. Early this year, she took part in "Top Chef Junior", a cooking competition show for 12 chefs, ages 11 to 14, from all over England. Rahanna finished second in the competition. Here is an interview with her.Reporter: How did you get into cooking?Rahanna: My earliest memories are of being in the kitchen and cooking. But I started working on recipes (食譜) at 10 years old.Reporter: What is your favourite recipe? Rahanna: I like to cook everything. I really like to cook whatever I havent cooked before.Reporter: _Rahanna: Im better about making sure I have my ingredients (原料) in order. I m able to work a lot faster in the kitchen.Reporter: How did you get on the show?Rahanna: I went to London for a boot camp (集訓(xùn)營). There were 20 to 25 children, and we all had little challenges (挑戰(zhàn)) that we had to do, showing our skills. They whittled the group down each day and the top 12 got to go on the show. Reporter: Whats next for you?Rahanna: Ill be looking for a part-time job in a restaurant kitchen. Im also working on a book. Itll be more than just a cookbook, therell be surprises too!4What can we learn about "Top Chef Junior"?A14 kids took part.BRahanna won first place.CIt took place in Cambridge, UN.DIt is a national cooking competition.5Which question can be put in _AWho cooks best in your family?BWhat did you learn from being on the show?CAre you satisfied with what you did on the show?DAny advice for kids who are interested in cooking?6What does the interview mainly talk about?AThe introductions of the chef Rahanna about cooking.BHow he finished second in the cooking competition.CWhat he will do after the competition.DHow he got on the show.7Rahanna plans to_.Aopen her own restaurantBgo to more competitionsClook for more part-time jobsDmake her cookbook special【文章大意】來自美國加利福尼亞州的13歲的Rahanna參加了“Top Chef Junior”的廚藝比賽，獲得第二名。文章是記者對她的采訪。4D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Early this year, she took part in "Top Chef Junior", a cooking competition show for 12 chefs, ages 11 to 14, from all over England. 今年早些時候，她參加了一個由12位廚師參加的烹飪比賽，來自英國各地，年齡從11歲到14歲?？芍蔬xD。5B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù). They whittled the group down each d