2019-2020年中考英語復習講義 第4章 數(shù)詞用法.doc
2019-2020年中考英語復習講義 第4章 數(shù)詞用法數(shù)詞是表達數(shù)目多少或先后順序的詞。數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?;鶖?shù)詞表示人或事物的數(shù)量;序數(shù)詞表示人或事物的先后順序。對于序數(shù)詞的考查,單獨出現(xiàn)的情況不多,有時放在閱讀題中綜合考察。在學習過程中,要注意以下幾個方面:1.基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量,序數(shù)詞表示順序;2.基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞之間的轉換;3.數(shù)詞與hundred, thousand, million等的連用。內容導視知識點1基數(shù)詞的構成知識點2序數(shù)詞的構成知識點3數(shù)詞的語法功能知識點4數(shù)詞的其他用法知識詳單知識點1 基數(shù)詞的構成1.從1到12是獨立的數(shù)詞123456789101112onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightninetenelevenTwelve2從13到19的數(shù)詞多是在個位數(shù)后加-teen13141516171819thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteenNineteen3從20到90的數(shù)詞多是在個位數(shù)后加-ty2030405060708090twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninety【知識拓展】1. 21到100之間的非整十數(shù)詞,要在十位和個位之間加連字符“-”,讀法:先說“幾十”再說“幾”。例如:26-twenty-six 31-thirty-one 95-ninety-five2.百位以上的數(shù)詞,在百位和十位之間加and,讀法:先說“幾百”再加“and",再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù)。例如:102-one hundred and two 234-two hundred and thirty-four3.英語中的數(shù)詞每三位數(shù)是一個單位,從個位向前,每三位加一個“,”,第一個“,”號前是thousand(千),第二個“,”前是million(百萬),讀法:只在百位之后加“and",而千位、萬位以上的數(shù)后面不加,只按順序讀。1,324-one thousand three hundred and twenty-four55,342-fifty-five thousand three hundred and forty-two4864,339-four million eight hundred and sixty-four thousand three hundred and thirty-nine【易錯警示】在表示一個具體的數(shù)目時,hundred, thousand, million等詞后面都不能加“s",也不能加of;而表示一個不確定的數(shù)目時,它們后面要加“s",也加of。我們可記住這樣一句話:具體數(shù)字兩無(無s,無of), 模糊數(shù)字兩有(有s,有of),如:two thousand兩千,thousands of成千上萬的,millions of數(shù)百萬的【巧學助記】巧記100以內的基數(shù)詞:十二以內分別記,十三數(shù)至十九去,個位加teen須銘記。整數(shù)二十至九十,個位需要加-ty。再說“幾十幾”,中問“-”號勿丟棄知識點2序數(shù)詞的構成說明例詞第一至第三獨立的單詞first( 1st),second(2nd),third(3rd)第四至第十九一般在基數(shù)詞詞尾加-th構成(注意第五、八、九和第十二的拼寫)fourth (4th),fifth(5th),sixth(6th),seventh(7th),eighth(8th),ninth(9th),tenth(10th),eleventh(11th),twelfth(12th),thirteenth(13th),fourteenth(14th),fifteenth(15th),sixteenth(16th),seventeenth( 17th) , eighteenth( 18th ),nineteenth(19th)第二十至九十九逢整十,把對應的基數(shù)詞的詞尾字母y變?yōu)閕,再加一ethtwentieth (20th),thirtieth(30th),fortieth(40th),fiftieth(50th),sixtieth(60th),seventieth (70th),eightieth(80th),ninetieth(90th)其他兩位數(shù),十位使用基數(shù)詞,個位使用序數(shù)詞,之間使用連字符twenty-first (21st),thirty-ninth(39th),seventy-fifth(75th),eighty-eighth(88th),ninety-ninth(99th)多位數(shù)個位數(shù)之前的使用基數(shù)詞,個位數(shù)使用序數(shù)詞three hundred and ninety-fifth(395th),two thousand five hundredand seventy-seventh(2577th)百、千、百萬百、千、百萬的序數(shù)詞,直接在后面加一thhundredth,thousandth .millionth【知識拓展】序數(shù)詞常見短語:at first首先,最初;every third day每隔兩天;first and last始終,一貫;first name名;first of all首先,第一;for the first time首次,第一次;in a second立刻,很快;last name姓,姓氏;second to none首屈一指:the last but one倒數(shù)第二【易錯警示】序數(shù)詞前常加定冠詞the,以下情況不用the或省略the表示“又一,再一”時。例如:Youd better try a second time.你最好再試一次。序數(shù)詞前有形容詞性物主代詞時。例如:This is my tenth birthday.這是我的第10個生日。序數(shù)詞與名詞構成合成形容詞時。例如:This is a second-hand bookstore這是一家二手書店。【巧學助記】基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞-Z. .一9、一.T- -n it5?;冃蚝苋菀祝~尾加上th;一二三單獨記,詞尾各是t、d、d;八減t,九去e,f來把ve替;y變“ie,詞尾仍加th;;如若第幾十幾,只變個位就可以。知識點3數(shù)詞的句法功能序號用法例句1做主語Thirteen is an unlucky number. 13是個不吉利的數(shù)字。The second is yours.第二個是你的。2作表語The boy is twelve.這個男孩12歲。He is the first to e。他是第一個到的。3作賓語Three from eight leaves five. A減三等于五。I lent him the third.我借給了他第三個。4作定語Cars are used by millions of people every day.每天有數(shù)百萬人使用汽車。The first man is Mr. Green.第一個人是格林先生。5做同位語We two will go with you。我們兩個和你一起去。They three fall asleep one after another.他們三人一個個相繼人睡。知識點4數(shù)詞的其他用法用法說明例句表示小數(shù)小數(shù)點讀作point,小數(shù)點前按基數(shù)詞讀,而小數(shù)點之后的數(shù)字后須按個位基數(shù)詞依次讀出;小數(shù)中的零常讀作zero,0.6 zero point six;27. 33 twenty-seven point three three表示分數(shù) 一般情況下,分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞;分子大于一,分母用復數(shù)形式。1/2讀作:one half, a half; 1/4讀作:one-fourth (fourth)。one( a )quarter; 3讀作:three and two fifths表示百分數(shù)由“基數(shù)詞+percent”組成,后接名詞時,名詞前需加of.50%讀作:fifty percent ; 0. 7%讀作zero point seven;percent 60 percent of the students百分之六十的學生表示加、減、乘、除“加”用and或plus. equals;“減”用minus或from. leaves.;“乘”用times,或multiplied by.:;“除”用divided by.5+4=讀作:Five and/plus four is/equals nine;l l-3=8讀作:Eleven minus three is eight. /Three from eleven leaves eight;3x7 = 21讀作:Three times seven is twenty-one. /Three multiplied by seven is twenty-one; 54 6=9讀作:Fifty-four divided by six is nine.表示倍數(shù)表示倍數(shù)時,一倍用once,兩倍用twice或double,三倍以上用“基數(shù)詞+timesThis bridge is three times as long as that one這座橋是那座橋的三倍長?!緶剞D提示】倍數(shù)方面的句式詳見本書中的形容詞和副詞專題表示日期日期用序數(shù)詞表示,序數(shù)詞前的the和詞尾的(st, nd, rd, th)可以省略,但讀時要讀出來。4月21日:April 21(st );讀作:the twenty-first of April或April(the)twenty-first, 2014年3月6日:xx;讀作:M二h the sixth,twenty fourteenMarch 6t表示時刻用am , pm表示:am表示“上午” pm表示“下午,晚上”。5:00 am上午5點;4:00 pm下午4點用oclock表示:oclock之前是“整時”,用阿拉伯數(shù)字和英語單詞都可以。at ten oclock在10點;at seven oclock in the morning在上午七點;at five oclock in the afternoon在下午五點時刻表達法:表達時刻用阿拉伯數(shù)字。30分鐘以內,用“分鐘+past +整時”;超過30分鐘,用“分鐘+to+整時”。最簡便的方法是直接用“時+分”表示。5:30讀作:half past five 或five thirty;6:55讀作:five to seven 或six fifty-five;9:05讀作:five past nine或nine five11:15讀作:a quarter past eleven或eleven fifteen 表示年齡用基數(shù)詞直接表示。She is 16 years old.她16歲。Mr. Stevens is sixty/60 (years old) this year斯蒂芬先生今年60歲了?!局R拓展】“一個8歲的男孩”的多種表達:an eight-year-old boy, a boy of eight, a boy who is eight,a boy who is eight years old,a boy aged eight【易錯警示】"in ones+整十的基數(shù)詞復數(shù)”表示“在某人幾十多歲時”;而“in the+整十的基數(shù)詞復數(shù)”表示“在多少年代”,如:in his fifties(在他50幾歲時),in the fifties(在50年代), in the 1880s/1880s(在19世紀80年代)表示編號小序號可使用基數(shù)詞或者序數(shù)詞來表達:名詞(前無冠詞,且大寫首字母)+基數(shù)詞; the+序數(shù)詞+名詞Chapter fifteen(=the fifteenth chapter)第15章;Lesson Eight(=the Eighth Lesson)第八課;Page 20(=the Twentieth Page)第二十頁大序號通常只用“名詞+數(shù)詞”來表達。Room 202 ( 202房間);Bus 112(112路公交車)考點突破考點1 考查基數(shù)詞的用法1.(龍東中考)_fans would like to go to Brazil to watch the WorldA. Million of B. Millions of C. Millions【解析】選B million前面沒有具體數(shù)字修飾,表示不確定的數(shù)量時,和名詞連用要加of, million本身復數(shù)形式,即millions of.2.(佛山中考)Batman and Spiderman are _of the most famous American cartoons. A. two B. second C. the second【解析】選A此處表示表示“中的兩個” ,應該用基數(shù)詞,故選A3.(貴陽中考)The winner of the singing petition was a_ girl called Zhang Mei from China. A. 19-years-old B. l9-year-old C. 19-year-olds.【解析】選B, 19-year-old意為“19歲的”,在句中作定語,該結構中的名詞要用單數(shù)形式。故選B4.(莆田中考)-Lets go to the bookstore at half past nine tomorrow morning. -Its too late. Lets make it_A. a quarter to nine B. twenty to ten C. a quarter to ten【解析】選A, 第一個說話人認為“half past nine”太遲了,應該提前;第二個人應該用一個比half past nine早的時間??键c2 考查序數(shù)詞的用法5.(天津中考) _ month of the year is May.A. Two B. The second C. Five D. The【解析】 選D。句意為:一年當中第五個月是五月,表示“第五個月”要用序數(shù)詞??键c3考查基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞的綜合應用6.(龍東中考)Tom, a_ boy, can speak English quite well. He wants to learn_ language next term. A. twelve-years-old; second B. twelve year old; the second C. twelve-year-old;a second【解析】選C, twelve-year-old用作形容詞,作定語,修飾boy, year要用單數(shù)形式; a second意為“另一,再一。故選C,7.(赤峰中考)It is said that_ of the water all over the world _ polluted.A. two three; is B. two thirds; is C. two thirds; are D. two thirds: has【解析】選B。分數(shù)表達法;分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞;當分子大于一時, ,分母用復數(shù)形式;“分數(shù)+of +各詞”作主語時,謂語動詞常與of后的名詞保持數(shù)的一致,water為不可數(shù)名詞,故用is。故選B,8.(綏化中考)-How old is Marv? -_. .We had a special party for her_ birthday yesterday.A. Twenty; twentieth B. Twenty; twentieth C. Twenties: twentieth【解析】選B。第一空直接表示年齡,用基數(shù)詞;第二空表示“第幾個”生日,要用序數(shù)詞表示,注意序數(shù)twenty的序數(shù)詞為twentieth。故選B,