2019-2020年九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)《被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)》教學(xué)案 牛津版.doc

2019-2020年九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)教學(xué)案 牛津版課題 語(yǔ)法-被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)學(xué)情分析基礎(chǔ)還可以，對(duì)英語(yǔ)的興趣不夠濃厚，應(yīng)用不夠靈活教學(xué)目標(biāo)與考點(diǎn)分析通過(guò)對(duì)典型知識(shí)點(diǎn)的分析，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取信息、分析問(wèn)題、處理問(wèn)題的能力教學(xué)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：知識(shí)點(diǎn)及句型結(jié)構(gòu)教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：用法及區(qū)別教學(xué)方法從書(shū)本入手，以課文內(nèi)容為主，結(jié)合練習(xí) 教學(xué)過(guò)程被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)概述語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)共有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，一般說(shuō)來(lái)，只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗?duì)象的及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。漢語(yǔ)往往用“被”、“受”、“給”等詞來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。如：They didnt offer Ann the job. （主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Ann wasnt offered the job. （被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）安沒(méi)得到這份工作。二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過(guò)去分詞部分不變。疑問(wèn)式和否定式的變化也如此。1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)較常見(jiàn)的八種形式各種不同時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的對(duì)比時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am / is / are + P.P.（1）Do they speak French ?（2）They dont use the room .Is French spoken by them ?The room isnt used by them .一般過(guò)去時(shí)was / were + p.p.（1）The hunter killed a tiger .（2）He wrote many stories last year .A tiger was killed by the hunter .Many stories was written by him last year .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am / is / are +being +p.p.（1）These workers are building a new bridge . （2）He is mending his car .A new bridge is being built by these workers . His car is being mended by him .過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was / were + being + p.p.（1）He was selling books .（2）They were discussing the plan at that time .Books were being built by him . The plan was being discussed by them at that time .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have / has + been + p. p.（1）She has learned many English words .（2）He has finished the work .Many English words have been learned by her . The work has been finished by him . 過(guò)去完成時(shí)had + been + p.p.（1）They has solved the problem .（2）We had told him the news by then . The problem had been solved by them . The news had been told to him by us .一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall / will be + p.p.（1）I shall make a plan . （2）They are going to fix the radio in an hour .A plan will be made by me . The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour . 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would be + p.p.was/ were going to be + p.p.（1）He told me they would paint the room . （2）They were going to put on a play the next week . He told me the room would be painted by them . A play was going to be put by them the next week .情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can / may / must / should + be + p.p.（1）We should hand in our homework .（2）You must answer the question in English .Our homework should be handed in by us .The question must be answered in English by you .各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)舉例（以動(dòng)詞do為例）1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（am/ is/ are +done）The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 學(xué)生們每天都打掃教室。2一般過(guò)去時(shí)(was/ were +done)My bike was stolen last night. 我的自行車昨天被偷了。When was the book introduced to China? 這本書(shū)什么時(shí)候引入中國(guó)的？3一般將來(lái)時(shí)與過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一個(gè)演講。I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我認(rèn)為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助。4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天這時(shí)，機(jī)器正在被修理。The problem is being discussed now. 問(wèn)題正在被討論。A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一輛公共汽車。5現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/ has been + done)Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)種了二百棵樹(shù)了。 The book has been read many times by me. 這本書(shū)已經(jīng)被我讀了許多遍了。Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict.在沖突中6過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had been+done)They said they had been invited to the party. 他們說(shuō)已經(jīng)被邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)了。 She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)房子被暴風(fēng)雨摧毀He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died.他在去世前已經(jīng)被疾病折磨很多年了。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用的句式： 肯定句式：主語(yǔ)+be+V-ed (+by). I was invited to the concert yesterday (by Green family).否定句式：主語(yǔ)+be+not+V-ed (+by). The vase wasnt broken by Jane.一般疑問(wèn)句式： Be+主語(yǔ)+V-ed (+by)? Are the rooms being cleaned?房間正在被打掃嗎？ 回答： Yes, they are./No, they arent.特殊疑問(wèn)句式 特殊疑問(wèn)詞（不作主語(yǔ)）+be+主語(yǔ)+V-ed (+by)? 特殊疑問(wèn)詞（作主語(yǔ)）+be+V-ed (+by)? What is paper made from ? 紙是由什么做成的？ What is the book made of? 這本書(shū)是由什么做成的？ 知識(shí)點(diǎn)津：make of 和make from 一般用語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示由材料構(gòu)成；前者表示看的出原材料（即物理變化），后者表示看不出原材料（即化學(xué)變化） Who was asked to answer the question? 誰(shuí)被要求回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題？ 3. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)肯定句式：主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be原形+V-ed (+by).This problem can be solved in an hour by him. 否定句式：主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not+be原形+V-ed (+by). Children shouldnt be allowed to play puter games. 一般疑問(wèn)句式： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+be原形+V-ed (+by)? Should children be allowed to play puter games? Yes, they should./No, they shouldnt.特殊疑問(wèn)句式 特殊疑問(wèn)詞（不作主語(yǔ)）+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+be原形+V-ed (+by)? 特殊疑問(wèn)詞（作主語(yǔ)）+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be原形+V-ed (+by)? When can my bike be repaired?我的自行車什么時(shí)候能修好？ Who might be sent abroad for further education?誰(shuí)有可能被送去國(guó)外進(jìn)修？三、 如何正確使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1. 有些動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可把其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)留在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)謂語(yǔ)后面。需要注意的是：若把直接賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，需要在間接賓語(yǔ)之間加上介詞“to”。eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） （被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）常帶雙賓語(yǔ)的詞有：tell , show , lend , pass等。2. 在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，某些動(dòng)詞之后帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，即賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，這個(gè)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)充當(dāng)，to被省略，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，這個(gè)to還要還原。eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） 有這種用法的常用動(dòng)詞有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。3. 有些“be +過(guò)去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)并不是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，它們有可能是“系表結(jié)構(gòu)（即系動(dòng)詞之后由過(guò)去分詞來(lái)充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)）?！北容^：（1）（2）4. 只有及物動(dòng)詞和可有賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞+介詞詞組才可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。eg. 四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換圖示：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之間如何轉(zhuǎn)換 主動(dòng)句:主語(yǔ)(人/物) + 謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞) + 賓語(yǔ)(人/物) + 其他 + 狀語(yǔ) (動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者) (各種時(shí)態(tài)形式) (動(dòng)作的承受者) 被動(dòng)句:主語(yǔ)(人/物) + 謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞) + by +人 / 物 + 其他 + 狀語(yǔ) (動(dòng)作的承受者) (be +過(guò)去分詞) (動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者) We Visited that factory last summer 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)That factory was visited by us last summer 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)1、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟：（1）將主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，如果主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是代詞，需變?yōu)橹鞲?。?）將動(dòng)詞改為“be+過(guò)去分詞”，be與新主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)一致，時(shí)態(tài)不變。（3）將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)前加by放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后，如果原主語(yǔ)是代詞，要變?yōu)橘e格。 They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held（by them）yesterday. They wont forgive me. I wont be forgiven by them.2、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)：（1）主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示“人們”、“大家”等， 變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，通常刪去“by”，除非強(qiáng)調(diào)原主語(yǔ)。如： They set up this hospital in 1975. This hospital was set up in 1975. Only he can finish the job. 只有他能完成這項(xiàng)工作。 The job can be finished only by him.這項(xiàng)工作只能由他來(lái)完成。（2）含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句，通常用it作為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的先行主語(yǔ)，把賓語(yǔ)從句后置。 We have determined that the plan should be carried out soon. It has been determined that the plan should be carried out soon.五、高頻考點(diǎn)：1. 動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)之意1）某些連系動(dòng)詞，如：look, feel, smell，sound, prove等。 The flower smells sweet.這花聞起來(lái)很香。Maria proves very patient and warm-hearted. 瑪麗亞被證明很耐心、很熱心2）表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能”的某些動(dòng)詞，雖然可以是及物動(dòng)詞，但這時(shí)用作不及物動(dòng)詞， 如：lock, shut, close, open, move, read, write, sell, wash, clean, draw, cut, translate, burn, run, ride, begin, end, operate等。 The sentences translate hard. 這些句子很難譯。 The door wont shut. 這個(gè)門(mén)關(guān)不上。3）某些動(dòng)詞用在句型“主+謂+主補(bǔ)”時(shí)，如wear，blow，prove等。 The door blew open. 門(mén)被吹開(kāi)了。2. 不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞有些動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如happen，cost，take，have (有)，own，possess, want。An accident happened yesterday. 昨天發(fā)生了一起事故。One should possess courage, determination and wisdom. 人要擁有勇氣、決心和智慧。3. “動(dòng)詞+反身代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)與“be+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)注意下面短語(yǔ)：devote oneself to (獻(xiàn)身于) seat oneself (就坐) dress oneself (穿衣),amuse oneself (自?shī)首詷?lè)) lose oneself (迷路) prepare oneself for (做好心理準(zhǔn)備),concern oneself about (擔(dān)心)這些短語(yǔ)經(jīng)常用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示主動(dòng)意義。They were seated in the front of the hall. 他們?cè)诖髲d前部就坐。He was concerned about his work. 他擔(dān)心他的工作。All my students are well prepared for the test. 我的學(xué)生都為考試做好了準(zhǔn)備。His mother is dressed in white at the party. 他的媽媽在宴會(huì)上穿著白色衣服。4. be done與get done1）現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)特別是口語(yǔ)中常用“get + 過(guò)去分詞”表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2）“get + 過(guò)去分詞”只表示動(dòng)作，而“be+過(guò)去分詞”既可表動(dòng)作，也可表狀態(tài) They have been married for ages. 他們結(jié)婚多年了。（不能用get married） They got married last month. 他們上個(gè)月結(jié)婚了。3）經(jīng)過(guò)安排、考慮的動(dòng)作用“be+過(guò)去分詞”；出乎意料時(shí)用“get+過(guò)去分詞” How did the painting get damaged? 這幅畫(huà)什么時(shí)候被損壞的？4）“be+過(guò)去分詞”是單純的被動(dòng)意義，而“get+過(guò)去分詞”可以暗示主語(yǔ)對(duì)動(dòng)作的發(fā)生有一定的責(zé)任，含有某種主動(dòng)意味。 His team got beaten again though they had tried their best. 雖然他們盡了全力，他的隊(duì)還是輸了。5. 幾個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用習(xí)慣用法：Were determined to set up an eco-laboratory. 我們決定建立一個(gè)生態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)室My time was occupied with children. 我的時(shí)間都用在了孩子們身上。Im very interested in fine arts. 我對(duì)美術(shù)非常感興趣。Where was your grandfather born? 你祖父的出生地是哪里？I was graduated from that university ten years ago. 我十年前從那所大學(xué)畢業(yè)。My hometown is situated in the south of China. 我的家鄉(xiāng)在中國(guó)南部。6It is said/ reported/believed, etc. + 從句的變化： 常見(jiàn)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)：It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought.）that.大家同意（相信、決定、希望、認(rèn)為）.It is(was)well known that.眾所周知It is(was)taken for granted that.被視為當(dāng)然It must be remembered that.務(wù)必記住.It mustnt be forgotten that.千萬(wàn)別忘記.It is(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that.據(jù)說(shuō)(報(bào)道、聽(tīng)說(shuō)、告知、建議.)“It is said/ reported/believed, etc. + 從句”表示據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道/據(jù)信.，此句型可以變成從句主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)的句型：sb. be said/ reported/believed, etc. +不定式。如果原來(lái)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，不定式用完成式；如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作是經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或還沒(méi)有完成，用不定式的一般式。It is said that James is an expert on DNA. = James is said to be an expert on DNA.人們說(shuō)詹姆斯是個(gè)DNA專家。It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. =The boy is said to have passed the national exam.據(jù)說(shuō)這個(gè)男孩已經(jīng)通過(guò)了這次全國(guó)性的測(cè)試。鞏固練習(xí). 單項(xiàng)選擇1. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words _. (xx 北京)A. are droppedB. drop C. are being droppedD. have dropped2. Experiments of this kind _ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.（2011 北京）A. have conducted B. have been conductedC. had conducted D. had been conducted3. He_some pieces of advice, but he_to them.A. gave, didnt listen B. was given, wasnt listenedC. give, wasnt listened D. was given, didnt listen4. This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year. (xx 湖南)Awas named Bnamed Cis named Dnames7. Great changes_place. Many new schools _.A. have taken, have been openedB. take, are openC. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened8. We cant use the bridge now, because it_.A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired9. I_the way to the railway station by a policeman.A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing10. The war the old soldier remembers very well _in 1941.A. broke outB. had been broken outC. was broken out D. had broken out11. When water_, it will be changed into vapour.A. is heatedB. heating C. has heated D. heats13. They_day and night, so they had no time to stay with their families.A. are made work B. are made to workC. made to be worked D. are making to work16. A strange thing _ in our school yesterday.A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen18. It is said that another new car factory _ now. Yeah. It _ one and a half years.A. is building； is taken B. is being built； will takeC. is built； will take D. is being built； takes把下列句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1. I saw the boy run yesterday.2. He told me that he would e back soon.3. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages.4. Do you water your flowers every day?5. The wind blew down the big tree last night.6. I think that he is right.7. He had not thrown the bad food.8. Mother was not mending the trousers.9. They would not take him to Beijing.10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time.24) Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts _Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the mon cold.A) have takenB) have been takenC) have been takingD) have been taking25) I dont remember _the chance to try this method.A) having been givenB) to have been givenC) having givenD) to have given26) We could ask someone to do the work privately without it_.A) knowB) be knownC) being knownD) to be known29) He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses _to Peter.A) is belonged toB) belongedC) belongsD) is belonging31) The reason for all the changes being made _to us yet.A) has not explainedB) has not been explainedC) did not explainedD) were not explained35) As we approached the work site, the workers were seen _the new house.A) buildingB) buildC) builtD) to build36) As we know, all the regulations in school _.A) must keep toB) must be keptC) must keepD) must be kept up37) The position _any more.A) need not to be correctedB) doesnt need to be correctedC) doesnt need be corrected D) need not correct22)D 23)A 24)C 25)A 26)C 27)A 28)C29)C 30)A 31)B 32)C 33)A 34)C 35)A 36)B 37)B38)B 39)D 40)B教學(xué)反思學(xué)生歸納總結(jié)：這堂課你掌握了什么？答： 。 三、本次課后作業(yè)： 完成相關(guān)作業(yè)，做好預(yù)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)任務(wù)。四、學(xué)生對(duì)于本次課的評(píng)價(jià)： 特別滿意 滿意 一般 差 學(xué)生簽字：五、教師評(píng)定：1、 學(xué)生上次作業(yè)評(píng)價(jià)： 非常好 好 一般 需要優(yōu)化2、 學(xué)生本次上課情況評(píng)價(jià)：非常 好 好 一般 需要優(yōu)化 教師簽字：