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4 Composer germson Ill Be BachComposer David Cope is the inventor of a computerprogram that writes original works of classical music. It took Cope 30 years todevelop the software. Now most people cant tell the difference between musicby the famous German composer J. S. Bach (1685-1750) and the Bach-likecompositions from Copes computer.It all started in 1980 in the United States, whenCope was trying to write an opera. He was having trouble thinking of newmelodies, so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies. At first thismusic was not easy to listen to. What did Cope do? He began to rethink howhuman beings compose music. He realized that composers，brains work like big databases.First, they take in all the music that they have ever heard. Then they take outthe music that they dislike. Finally, they make new music from what is left.According to Cope, only the great composers are able to create the databaseaccurately, remember it, and form new musical patterns from it.Cope built a huge database of existing music. He beganwith hundreds of works by Bach. The software analyzed the data：it broke it down into smallerpieces and looked for patterns. It then combined the pieces into new patterns.Before long, the program could compose short Bach-like works. They werent good,but it was a start.Cope knew he had more work to do-he had a wholeopera to write. He continued to improve the software. Soon it could analyzemore complex music. He also added many other composers, including his own work,to the database.A few years later，Copes computer program, called “Emmy”，was ready to help him with his opera. The process required a lot ofcollaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computersmusical ideas and used the ones that he liked. With Emmy, the opera took onlytwo weeks to finish. It was called Cradle Falling, and it was a great success!Cope received some of the best reviews of his career, but no one knew exactlyhow he had composed the work.Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousandsof compositions. Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesntlike of her music, but she is doing most of the hard work of composing thesedays!詞匯：original/rdnl / adj有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的collaboration/ klæbren / n合作review/rvju:/ n評論feedback/fi:dbæk / n反饋?zhàn)⑨孞.S. Bach約翰塞巴斯蒂安巴赫（德語：Johann Sebastian Bach，1685年3月31日一1750年7月28日），巴洛克時(shí)期的德國作曲家，杰出的管風(fēng)琴、小提琴、大鍵琴演奏家，同作曲家亨德爾和泰勒曼齊名。巴赫被普遍認(rèn)為是音樂史上最重要的作曲家之一，并被尊稱為“西方現(xiàn)代音樂之父”，也是西方文化史上最重要的人物之一。練習(xí)：1The music composed by David cope is about _.AClassical musicBpop music CdramaDcountry music2By developing a computer software，David cope aimed _.Ato be like BachBto study BachCto write an operaDto create a musical database3What did cope realize about a great composers brain?AIt forms new musical patterns allby itselfBIt writes a computer programCIt can recognize any music patternsDIt creates an accurate database4Who is Emmy?Aa databaseBa computer software Ca composer who helped DavidDan opera5We can infer from the passage that _.ADavid Cope is a computerprogrammer.BDavid Cope loves music.CBachs music helped him a lot.DEmmy did much more work than a composer.答案與題解：1A第一段的第一句：David Cope發(fā)明了一個(gè)可以編寫出古典音樂的電腦軟件。2C從第二段的第一句可以看出，David編寫電腦軟件的目的是寫歌劇。A、B和D都屬于創(chuàng)作歌劇的一部分。3D第二段的后半部分講的是偉大的歌劇作者與一般的歌劇作者的不同之處是通過對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的構(gòu)建、記憶而后創(chuàng)作出新的音樂形式。4B從第五段第一句可知Emmy是一計(jì)算機(jī)軟件。5D從本文第一句可知David是一個(gè)作曲家，不是計(jì)算機(jī)程序員，所以排除A;B、C內(nèi)容沒有提及；從本文的第五段和第六段可知，Emmy大大提高了David的創(chuàng)作速度，最后一句，大部分困難的工作都由Emmy來做，所以作曲家只干一小部分工作。中文：我也能成為巴赫作曲家大衛(wèi)科普發(fā)明了一個(gè)電腦軟件，它能編寫出古典音樂的原創(chuàng)作品。科普花了 30年才 完成這個(gè)軟件，現(xiàn)在，科普的電腦寫出的作品與德國著名作曲家J.S.巴赫寫的作品很相似，很少 有人能分辨出其中不同。這一切始于1980年的美國，那時(shí)科普正在寫一部戲劇，但是他無法創(chuàng)作出新的旋律.于楚他 編寫了一個(gè)電腦軟件來幫他編曲。最開始的時(shí)候，軟件寫出的樂曲并不動聽。科普是怎么做的呢？ 他幵始重新考慮人們作曲的方式。他認(rèn)識到作曲家的大腦就像一個(gè)大數(shù)據(jù)庫，他們先是吸收他們 聽過的所有音樂，然后去除他們不喜歡的，最后再根據(jù)留下的音樂來創(chuàng)作出新的旋律。科普認(rèn)為， 只有偉大的作曲家才能建立好的數(shù)據(jù)庫，并且能熟記于心，從而創(chuàng)造出新的音樂?？破崭鶕?jù)現(xiàn)有的音樂建立了龐大的數(shù)據(jù)庳，最開始的時(shí)候，數(shù)據(jù)庫包含了幾百部巴赫的作品。 科普的軟件將這些數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析：首先它將音樂拆解成小的片段，從中找出固定模式，然后將片 段組合成新的模式。不久，這個(gè)軟件就能夠?qū)懗龊桶秃诊L(fēng)格很像的小曲子。它們并不完美，但這 只是個(gè)開始?？破罩?，他要做的還有很多一他得寫出一整部歌劇。他進(jìn)一步完普他的軟件，不久它就 能夠?qū)懗龈鼜?fù)雜的音樂了。他還在數(shù)據(jù)庫中加人了一些其他作曲家的作品，其中也包括他自己的作品。幾年后，科普的軟件“艾米”已經(jīng)能夠幫助他創(chuàng)作歌劇了。創(chuàng)作過程餹要作曲家和艾米共同 配合。科贅聆聽艾米寫出的音樂片段，從中選取他認(rèn)為好的。有了艾米的幫助，科蓊只用了兩個(gè) 星期就完成了這部歌劇，叫做搖籃墜落。演出獲得巨大成功，科普也得到了他有生以來最高 的評價(jià)，但是沒有人知道他究竟是怎樣創(chuàng)作出這部歌劇的。從那以后，艾米已經(jīng)寫了上千部作品?？破宅F(xiàn)在依然會給艾米反饋，吿訴她自己哪些音樂是 他喜歡的，哪些是不喜歡的，但是現(xiàn)在大部分艱巨的工作是由艾米來完成的！Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener ExperienceShimi, a musical companion developed by Georgia Techs Center for Music Technology, recommends songs, dances to the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listener feedback. The smartphone-enabled, one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive “musical friend”.“Shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music，” said Professor Gil Weinberg, the robots creator. He will unveil the robot at the June 27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco. A band of three Shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed according to its movements.Shimi is essentially a docking station with a “brain” powered by an Android phone. Once docked, the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the users mobile device. In other words, if theres an “app” for that, Shimi is ready. For instance, by using the phones camera and face-detecting software，Shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its “ears”，or speakers, for optimal sound. Another recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo. If the user taps a beat, Shimi analyzes it, scans the phones musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion. Once the music starts，Shimi dances to the rhythm.“Many people think that robots are limited by their programming instructions, said Music Technology Ph. D. candidate Mason Bretan. “Shimi shows us that robots can be creative and interactive. Future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume. The robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the users song choices and provide feedback on the music play list.Weinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand Shimis creative and interactive capabilities. “I believe that our center is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in homes.” Weinberg said.Weinberg is in the process of commercializing Shimi through an exclusive licensing agreement with Georgia Tech. Weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by the 2013 holiday season. “If robots are going to arrive in homes, we think that they will be this kind of machines一 small, entertaining and fun，Weinberg said. “They will enhance your life and pave the way for more intelligent service robots in our lives.”詞匯：pump v.用抽水機(jī)抽;不斷播放（音樂）scan v.掃描;瀏覽skip v.輕跳，跳躍sync n.同步，同時(shí);v.使同步 tempo n.速度;節(jié)奏注釋：1. Georgia Tech:全稱是 Georgia Institute of Technology,佐治亞理工學(xué)院，建于 1885 年，位于亞特蘭大市中心。佐治亞理工學(xué)齒是美國南部最大的公立理工學(xué)院,也是全美最頂尖的理 工學(xué)院之一，排名僅次于麻省理工學(xué)院(MIT)和加州理工學(xué)院(CalTech)。2. pump:不斷播放(音樂）。例如:This radio station recently pumps out pop music. (這家廣播電臺近來連續(xù)播放流行音樂。)3. smartphone-enabled:由智能手機(jī)系統(tǒng)支持的4. is billed as:相當(dāng)于 is advertised as，意為“被標(biāo)榜為”。5. docking station: 插接站,擴(kuò)充基座，擴(kuò)展插口-6. Android:(科幻小說里的)機(jī)器人。本文指用于智能手機(jī)和便攜式計(jì)算機(jī)移動設(shè)備的一種以Linus為基礎(chǔ)的開放源代碼操作系統(tǒng)，通過接口和插槽連接多種外部設(shè)備。目前Android 尚未有統(tǒng)一中文譯名，國內(nèi)較多人翻譯成“安卓”或“安致”。據(jù)2012年2月數(shù)據(jù), Android 占據(jù)全球智能手機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)市場52.5%的份額,中國市場占有率為68.4%。7. dock：對接8. the sensing and musical generation capabilities:傳感和音樂生成能力9. app:應(yīng)用程序（=application)10. if the user taps a beat:如果用戶打出某個(gè)(音樂）拍子11. in the works:正在準(zhǔn)備階段;在進(jìn)行中或準(zhǔn)備中12. intelligent service robots:智能服務(wù)型機(jī)器人練習(xí)：1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the first three paragraphs?A Shimi is a one-foot tall robot.B Shimi is the creator of the musical companion.C Shimi is a docking station with a“ brain” powered by an Android phone.D Shimi can gain the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the users mobile device.2. What does Shimi do if the user taps a beat?A It stores the beat in the musical library.B It transmits the beat to the docking station.C It positions its speakers for optimal sound.D It selects a perfectly-matched song and plays it in sync with that beat.3. Which of the following about Shimi is true?A Robots are limited by their programming instructions, and Shimi is no exception.B Present apps allow the user to shake their head to alert Shimi to skip to the next song.C Existing apps allow the user to wave a hand to alert Shimi to turn up/down the volume.D Shimi can be creative and interactive.4. What does the author want to tell us?A The research center is developing a stronger and more versatile Shimi.B Weinberg only expects staffs from Georgia Tech. to develop more apps for Shimi.C Shimi is not yet technologically ready for commercialization.D Robots such as Shimi are created for large corporations rather than homes.5. Which of the following is Weinbergs assertion?A Shimi as a robotic musical companion can be applied to all types of smart phones.B human lives will be filled with more fun if Shimi is going to arrive in homes.C Shimis creative and interactive capabilities are appreciated by most of its users.D Weinberg has reached an agreement with Georgia Tech to commercialize Shimi.答案與題解：1. B在前三段中均可找到與選項(xiàng)A、C、D相應(yīng)的句子，強(qiáng)調(diào)Shimi是一種電子設(shè)備;B與原文不符, Shimi不是該機(jī)器人的發(fā)明者,Gil Weinberg教授才是the robots creator。2. D選項(xiàng)D簡要地表述了第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“If the user taps a beat, Shimi analyzes it, scans the phones musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion”的意思,所以是答案。選項(xiàng)A、B、C都不符合上述句子的含義。3. D選項(xiàng)A的意思與原文相反。雖然人們認(rèn)為機(jī)器人受到程序指令的限制，但Shimi卻表現(xiàn)出具有創(chuàng)造能力和互動能力，所以A不是答案。選項(xiàng)D的意思與原文相同，因而是答案。第四段第三句指的是未來的應(yīng)用程序: future apps in the works,而選項(xiàng)B,C是指目前的應(yīng)用程序，兩者的表述均與原文有出入。4. A第三段介紹Shimi的多種功能，第四段和第五段說Weinberg還在開發(fā)更多的應(yīng)用程序來豐富Shimi的功能，還希望其他研發(fā)者也參與開發(fā)，因此，A是答案。選項(xiàng)B說Weinberg 僅僅希望Georgia Tech員工參與開發(fā)更多的應(yīng)用軟件，這與原文不符。文章最后一段告訴我們,Weinberg正在與Georgia Tech進(jìn)行有關(guān)Shimi商業(yè)化的談判,選項(xiàng)C的意思與此相反，不會是答案。選項(xiàng)D也與原文不符。5. B選項(xiàng)A、C和D的內(nèi)容Weinberg都沒有說過。第三段告訴我們，Shimi是Android smart phone的擴(kuò)充基座，并不適用于所有智能手機(jī)，所以A選項(xiàng)不正確；Shimi尚未進(jìn)入市場，還談不上公眾對Shimi欣賞與否的問題，因此選項(xiàng)C不符合原意；Shimi正在進(jìn)行商業(yè)化運(yùn)作，但絕非已經(jīng)完成，所以D也不是正確選項(xiàng)。本題的答案是B,依據(jù)是最后一段倒數(shù)第二句。參考譯文音樂機(jī)器人伴侶提升音樂欣賞體驗(yàn)Shimi是由佐治亞理工大學(xué)音樂技術(shù)中心研發(fā)的一款音樂伴侶。它可以根據(jù)聽者的反饋推薦合乎節(jié)拍的歌曲、舞蹈；并且不斷播放音樂。這款髙1英尺的機(jī)器人是由智能手機(jī)系統(tǒng)支持的，因此被標(biāo)榜為“一個(gè)可以互動的音樂朋友”。Gil Weinberg教授是該機(jī)器人的發(fā)明者，他解釋說：“Shimi設(shè)計(jì)的宗旨是改變?nèi)藗冃蕾p音樂、認(rèn)識音樂的方式。”他將在今年6月27日在舊金山的谷歌I/O大會上展示這款機(jī)器人。一個(gè)由三個(gè)機(jī)器人組成的樂隊(duì)將為來賓演奏，并伴隨音樂起舞。而音樂是根據(jù)不同的運(yùn)動形式編制的。Shimi實(shí)際上是一個(gè)擴(kuò)充基座，它的“大腦”由安卓手機(jī)控制。一旦連接上，機(jī)器人便從用戶的移動裝置獲得傳感和音樂生成能力。換言之，只要有應(yīng)用程序，機(jī)器人便能使用。例如，通過手機(jī)的照相機(jī)和辨認(rèn)臉型的軟件，Shimi就能在房間周圍跟蹤到聽眾，然后安置好它的“耳朵”或揚(yáng)聲器，以確保輸送最佳聲音。另外一種識別特征是基于節(jié)奏和速度。如果用戶打出某個(gè)（音樂）拍子，Shimi會對此進(jìn)行分析，然后瀏覽手機(jī)的音樂庫，并立即演奏最符合要求的音樂。一旦音樂響起來，Shimi就隨韻律起舞。“許多人認(rèn)為機(jī)器人受到程序指令的限制，而Shiini給我們展示了機(jī)器人可以具有創(chuàng)造力和與人交互的能力?！币魳芳夹g(shù)博士研究生Mason Bretan如是說。正在研發(fā)中的程序?qū)⑹褂脩裟軠贤ㄟ^搖頭或擺手表示不同意，來提醒Shimi跳到下一首歌或增減音量。機(jī)器人還可根據(jù)用戶對歌曲的選擇推薦新音樂，并對音樂播放列表提供反饋。Weinberg希望其他研發(fā)者會因此獲得靈感，開發(fā)更多的應(yīng)用程序，來擴(kuò)展Shimi的創(chuàng)新和交互功能。他說：“我認(rèn)為我們中心正在引領(lǐng)這場將更多機(jī)器人應(yīng)用到家庭中去的變革。”Weinberg正在通過獲得佐治亞理工學(xué)院的獨(dú)家授權(quán)來對Shimi進(jìn)行商業(yè)推廣。Weinberg希望到2013年的節(jié)日季消費(fèi)者可購買到Shimi。Weinberg說：“如果機(jī)器人進(jìn)入家庭，我們認(rèn)為就應(yīng)該是這種類型的機(jī)器人：小巧、令人愉快和有趣，它們能提高我們的生活質(zhì)量，為更多智能服務(wù)型機(jī)器人進(jìn)人我們的生活做好準(zhǔn)備。