2019年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions課下作業(yè) 新人教版選修8.doc

2019年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions課下作業(yè) 新人教版選修8.情景默寫1The only way not to fall down into the valley is to seize (抓住)the big branch.2I have a set of stainless (不銹的)knives and forks.3The heroine plays an essentially passive (消極的)role in the drama.4To my joy，the quality of our new refrigerator is very stable (可靠的)5One could hear them singing and dancing merrily (高興地)out in the street.6It was hard to distinguish (辨別)one twin from the other.7He ate a light lunch in expectation (期望)of a good dinner.8These notes should be carefully filed (歸檔)away for future reference.9When listening to the music，she tapped (輕敲)her fingers gently on the table.10The patient was afraid she wouldnt be able to bear (忍受)the pain.11He gradually developed the petence (能力)to deal with the more difficult cases.12This new job is a further extension (延伸)of his role as a manager.13There were three people in the helicopter (直升飛機)when it crashed.14The process is essentially dynamic (動態(tài)的)with ideas and feedback flowing both ways.15The swimmer dived_into (跳入)the river to save the drowning child.16The government has set_out (開始)to make many needed reforms.17Sorry to hear that youve failed the exam.If only you had set_about (開始)doing some revision earlier.18Many memories of old times were called_up (使想起)by the conversation we had together that evening.19Its the love and responsibility that have driven him to get_through (度過)many hardships and survive.20The engines of the ship were out_of_order (發(fā)生故障)and the bad weather added to the helplessness of the crew at sea.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1She was unable to make a positive identification (identify)of the suspect.2When he could stand it no longer，he rose abruptly (abrupt)to his feet.3He took measures to make up his fault，which received our recognition (recognize)4When the ice is heated above freezing (freeze)point，it begins to change into a liquid state.5Your suggestion sounds reasonable and practical (practice)I think it deserves to be discussed at the next meeting.6The merciless king showed no mercy and killed all the prisoners.(mercy)7If nobody can prove your innocence，how can you say you are innocent？(innocent)8He is a cautious man and is always doing things with cautionYou should get on with him cautiously(cautious)9You can visit Professor Li when it is convenient，that is，at his convenienceHis house is conveniently near the bus stop.(convenient)10In western countries，the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck，but actually there isnt any association between them.(associate)1句型公式：so.that.意為“如此以至于”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句他的計劃如此實用以至于我們大家都同意接受它。His plan was so_practical_that_we_all_agreed_to_accept_it2句型公式：only狀語 (從句)位于句首部分倒裝只有當(dāng)他離開家時他才意識到他的家是多么的好。Only when he was away from home did_he_realize how nice his home was.3句型公式：祈使句and陳述句給我一次機會，我會給你一個驚喜。Give_me_a_chance，and_Ill_give you a pleasant surprise.第一板塊 核心詞匯1bear vt.(bore，borne)忍受；忍耐；負擔(dān)；生育；結(jié)果實高考必刷題練透寫出下列句中bear的含義/完成句子Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair? 負擔(dān)；承擔(dān) He cant bear being laughed at in public. 忍受 She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday. 生育 Some of the newlyplanted apple trees have also begun to bear. 結(jié)果實 I cant bear young_people_casting_away their youth.我無法忍受年輕人虛擲青春。Bear_in_mind_that success es from hard work.記住成功來自于勤奮。狀元筆記全記牢(1)cant bear doing/to do sth.不能忍受做某事cant bear sb./sb.s doing sth.不能忍受某人做某事(2)bear a heavy burden肩負重擔(dān)bear responsibility/the blame承擔(dān)責(zé)任/受責(zé)備(3)bear/keep sth.in mind 記住bear/keep in mind that.記住(4)unbearable adj.難以忍受的2seize vt.抓住；捉住；奪?。还フ几呖急厮㈩}練透單句語法填空/完成句子The rumours were eagerly seized upon/on by the local press.The engine suddenly seized up when we were working attentively.As a high school student，I will seize_every_chance_to_study_hard and prepare myself for the future.作為一名高中生，我將抓住所有的機會好好學(xué)習(xí)，為未來做好準(zhǔn)備。狀元筆記全記牢seize sb.by the collar/the arm抓住某人的衣領(lǐng)/胳膊seize up (機器等)卡住，停止運轉(zhuǎn)grasp/seize a chance to do.抓住機會做seize on/upon利用，抓住 (可利用的事物)3associate vt.聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系n同伴，伙伴高考必刷題練透單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換We naturally associate the name of Darwin with the theory of evolution.There are many serious health problems associated with smoking.There are many serious health problems which are associated with smoking.There are many serious health problems in association with smoking.狀元筆記全記牢(1)associate.with.使與聯(lián)系起來；合伙associate with sb.與某人交往/共事be associated with與有關(guān)(2)association n聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想；交往；協(xié)會；團體in association with 與聯(lián)合；與有關(guān)聯(lián)4distinguish vt.& vi.顯示的差別；使有所不同；辨別高考必刷題練透單句語法填空/句式升級Its important for children to distinguish right from wrong.As far as I know，Ning Zetao has already distinguished himself (he)as a swimmer in the world.Elephants are_distinguished (distinguish)from other animals by their long noses.He was distinguished for his knowledge of economics and was elected as head of the economic school.Distinguished_for_his_knowledge_of_economics，he was elected as head of the economic school.(用過去分詞短語作狀語)狀元筆記全記牢(1)distinguish.from.使有別于distinguish oneself (as.) (作為)表現(xiàn)突出(2)distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的be distinguished for.因而出名be distinguished as.作為而出名5set about開始，著手 (后接動詞ing形式)；出發(fā)；動身高考必刷題練透單句語法填空That evening he set about writing (write)a report on pollution.On their arrival，they set out to_read (read)the English books they brought with themselves.If you want to catch that train，wed better set off/out for the station immediately.狀元筆記全記牢set off出發(fā)，側(cè)重于去某個地方set out出發(fā)，開始，側(cè)重于開始做某事，后加不定式set about開始，著手，與set out意思相近，后加v.ing形式6get through完成；通過；接通電話；度過 (時間)；用完高考必刷題練透寫出下列句子中g(shù)et through的含義Its going to be hard to get through the next couple of days. 度過 Ive got through the driving test recently. 通過 I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldnt get through. 打通電話 As soon as I get through with my work Ill join you. 做完 How did you get through all that money in two days? 用完 狀元筆記全記牢get along with與某人相處；進展get away with sth.攜某物潛逃；不因某事受懲罰get down to (doing) sth.開始(做)某事；認真處理某事get over越過；克服 (困難)第二板塊 經(jīng)典句式7祈使句and陳述句高考必刷題練透句型轉(zhuǎn)換Work hard，and you will succeed.Working hard，you will succeed.If you work hard，you will succeed.Work hard，or/otherwise you will fail in your exams.If you dont work hard，youll fail in your exams.You will fail in your exams unless you work hardIf he takes one more step，the baby will fall into the well.One more step，and the baby will fall into the well.狀元筆記全記牢(1)“祈使句and/or/otherwise陳述句”為常見句型。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的祈使句相當(dāng)于一個if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，and/or/otherwise之后的句子相當(dāng)于主句，所以用一般將來時。(2)在該句型中，祈使句有時也可用名詞短語表示。.課文語法填空When the writer called up her mother in the countryside 1.on the phone，she learned that snakes came near their house and that the snakes 2.seemed (seem) to have made their home there.The writer felt proud and considered 3.it a chance for her to distinguish herself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.She set about 4.researching (research) the habits of snakes.She decided to cool them so that they could be easily caught.5.However，her first two plans were not successful.As 6.a result，she had to attempt a 7.third (three) time，which helped her fulfill her aim 8.successfully (success).9.Pressed (press) by her friends and relations，she decided to send her 10.invention (invent) to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea.課文概要寫作細讀本單元Reading部分，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的概要。【參考范文】The girls mother was upset by some snakes in their courtyard.(要點1)To trap the snakes at home，the girl attempted three different ways.(要點2)Her first and second attempt failed，but she succeeded in trapping the snakes at her third attempt.(要點3)After her success，she decided to send her invention to the patent office for recognition.(要點4).課文話題寫作一、用本單元所學(xué)知識補全短文I was doing an experiment when Li Hua called_me_up (給我打電話)，telling me he wouldnt e on time because of the traffic jam.After ringing_off (掛斷電話)，I set about working.Abruptly (abrupt)，the experiment was out_of_order (次序顛倒)Then my teacher came in，and encouraged me to face challenges bravely.Meanwhile (however/meanwhile)，he suggested that I should associate_the experiment with_what_I_had_learned_in_class (把課堂上所學(xué)知識與實驗聯(lián)系起來)His words encouraged me to dive_into_the_experiment (潛心做實驗)Besides，his suggestion was practical (practice)I did it carefully.Finally，I got_through (完成) with it successfully.I was grateful to my teacher.Im determined to study hard to live_up_to_his_expectations (達到他的期望)二、按要求升級短文1用本單元的高級詞匯升級短文中的加黑詞匯(1)set about workingset_out_to_work(2)carefullycautiously/with_caution 2用高級表達升級短文中的句子(1)用強調(diào)句型改寫句It_was_his_words_that encouraged me to dive into the experiment.(2)用so.that.結(jié)構(gòu)連接句、句I was so_grateful_to_my_teacher_that Im determined to study hard to live up to his expectations.閱讀理解A(xx金麗衢十二校聯(lián)考)Mike Godwin is an American lawyer and author who invented “Godwins Law” in 1990 when he made the following statement：As an online discussion grows longer，a parison involving Nazis or Hitler is very likely to be made.Godwins Law is applicable to online discussions in forums，chat rooms and on blogs.The term has earned a place in the Oxford English Dictionary：Godwins Law，noun.A facetious aphorism (有趣的格言) maintaining that as an online debate increases in length，it bees certain that someone will eventually pare someone or something to Adolf Hitler or the Nazis.Although coined to describe an Internet phenomenon，the term is being applied to the use of “the Nazi card” in other contexts.A plaint by many forum users is that the socalled law is ending the discussion.One makes a Nazi parison and another cries，“You said Hitler，so I win！”At that point，the discussion ends.The term has created a verb “to Godwin”as in “You Godwined this discussion！”The mention of Godwins Law has e to be seen as a way to end an online discussion.Here is a plaint voiced by a forum user：It seems like Godwins Law is being a real problem for any sort of discussion on the internet.Whenever Hitler，or Nazis，is brought up in a discussion，the discussion is then over and the poster who mentioned the subject is laughed at.This would be a problem if people mention Godwins Law when the Hitler/Nazi mention is relevant to the topic at hand.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是說明文，介紹了高德溫法則的來歷及意義，并舉例對其進行了說明。1What will certainly happen according to“Godwins Law”if the online discussion is lengthened?AThe debaters will maintain their justice.BThe debaters will mention Hitler or Nazis.CThe debaters will earn a place in the forum.DThe debaters will bee very sick and tired.答案B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“as an online.it bees certain that someone will eventually pare someone or something to Adolf Hitler or the Nazis”可知，如果在線討論的時間變長，那么參加討論的人肯定會提到希特勒或者納粹分子，故選B。2What does the underlined word“coined”in the third paragraph mean probably?ABuilt.BAdapted.CClassified.DInvented.答案D詞義猜測題。畫線詞所在句的主語為the term，指Godwins Law，雖然創(chuàng)造這個術(shù)語的目的是描述一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)現(xiàn)象，但是現(xiàn)在它正在被用在其他地方。故畫線詞表示“創(chuàng)造(新詞語)”，選D。3What is the mention of “Godwins Law” viewed as in a discussion?AA way of objection.BA way of plaint.CA way of ending it.DA way of creating words.答案C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段中的“The mention of Godwins Law has e to be seen as a way to end an online discussion”可知選C。BThe Coolest InventionsAn Oceans VacuumTheres a collection of plastic trash in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.Its bigger than Texasand growing.The way to clean it up now is to catch it with nets.That is both costly and slow.Instead，the Ocean Cleanup Project proposes a 62milelong floating barrier that would use natural currents to trap trash.If next years trials succeed，a full cleanup operation would aim to start in xx.It could reduce the trash by 42% over 10 years.EasyOn ShoesIn xx，Matthew Walzer，a high school student with a disability，sent a note to Nike.“My dream is to go to college，”he wrote，“without having to worry about someone ing to tie my shoes every day.”Nike assigned a design team to the challenge.This year，they came out with their solution: the FlyEase.The basketball shoe can be fastened with one hand.A pair of Nike FlyEase shoes sells for $130.An Airport for Drones (無人機)As Amazon，Google，and others get ready for drone delivery service，there is one big question: What kinds of home bases will their drones have? Rwanda，in Africa，may have the answer.There，workers will soon start work on three “drone ports.” The goal is to make it easier to transport food，medical supplies，electronics，and other goods through the hilly countryside.Construction is set to be pleted in xx.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾項最新的發(fā)明。4Whats the advantage of the Oceans Vacuum?AIt can be a moneysaver.BIt can grow year by year.CIt can tear plastic into pieces.DIt can be put into wide use soon.答案A細節(jié)理解題。第一段中說到傳統(tǒng)用網(wǎng)打撈塑料的方法既費錢又慢，由此可知，借助自然的力量打撈塑料的方法要快捷省錢。5What do we know about Nike?AIt offers free shoes to the disabled.BIt is designing new shoes frequently.CIt provides customerfriendly services.DIt responded to Matthews request passively.答案C推理判斷題。Matthew Walzer身患殘疾，系鞋帶不方便，給耐克公司寄去信件后，耐克公司積極回應(yīng)并設(shè)計出了一款可以單手系的鞋帶，由此可以推斷耐克公司以客戶需求為中心。6Why is Rwanda setting up “drone ports”？ABecause road travel there is rough.BBecause there are too many drones.CBecause theyre easier to construct than roads.DBecause they are receptive to new technology.答案A細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段倒數(shù)第二句可知，因為陸路運輸不便，盧旺達決定建無人機機場。.閱讀七選五(xx嘉興市高三第二次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)We know that choosing a college major can be extremely hard._1_ However，it is a challenge to pick one when it feels as if the rest of your adult life is riding on that choice.It is a big mitment，but its not a life sentence.Many graduates pursue careers that arent directly related to their college majors，or change careers after several years.You may choose to base your decision on any of these factors：Dream job _2_ Maybe you already know that you want to be a nurse，a day trader，a physician，or a web developer.Before you declare，take a class or two in the relevant discipline，talk to students in the department of your choice.Great ambitionAccording to PayScale，the majors that lead to the highest salaries include just about any type of engineering，actuarial mathematics，puter science，physics，statistics，government and economics.Keep your quality of life in mind，too._3_ _4_ Some students choose a major simply because they love the subject matter.If you love what youre studying，youre more likely to fully engage with your classes and college experience._5_ If your calling is philosophy，dont write it off just because youre not sure about graduate school，or what the job market holds for philosophers.ALove project.BThe academy of the School.CMany schools offer hundreds of choices.DScience is a specific subject that college students specialize in.EThat can mean better grades and great relationships with others in your field.FThat seven figure salary may not be worth it if youre not happy at the office.GSome students choose a major because it will prepare them for a specific career path or advanced study.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是議論文。短文主要論述了影響選擇大學(xué)主修科目的因素并給出了一些合理化的建議。1C由上一句的內(nèi)容及下文中“to pick one”這一關(guān)鍵詞可以推斷C項符合語境。2G本段小標(biāo)題是Dream job，接下來列舉了nurse，day trader，physician和web developer等職業(yè)，這與G項中的special career相吻合。故答案選G。3F前文提到工程學(xué)、應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)和計算機科學(xué)等高收入專業(yè)，the highest salaries與選項F中的seven figure salary相呼應(yīng)。因此答案為F。4A聯(lián)系前面的兩個小標(biāo)題，可將答案鎖定在A、B之間。由于下文的論述中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)love一詞。故可知A項正確。5E前文的意思是說，有些學(xué)生憑熱愛選擇自己的主修學(xué)科，這樣就極有可能會全身心地投入其中。這也就意味著他們會在這一領(lǐng)域取得更好的成績。E項內(nèi)容恰好與此相符。.語法填空World Hello Day，which falls on November 21st，may sound extremely 1._ (base)，as it encourages us to take the chance to greet people，and to recognize 2._ important clear，honest munication is in our daily lives.The story of how it began，however，is a long and meaningful one.In the 1970s，the conflict 3._Egypt and Israel was quite severe，4._ (make) many people fear another huge war would break out.In 1973，World Hello Day was first created to show people，especially the people of the Middle East，that conflicts could and should be settled through munication，but not，5._ (violent)Since its creation，World Hello Day 6._ (celebrate) in 180 countries.7._ (citizen) of each of these countries take advantage of this time 8._ (express) their concerns for world peace.Anyone can participate in World Hello Day.You 9._ (simple)have to say hello to at least 10 people during that one day.You are supposed to send a message of openness and goodwill to others，10._the creators of the holiday hoped this small gesture alone could help settle disputes (爭論)and prevent conflicts.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文介紹了世界問候日的由來和意義。1basic空格中所填單詞作系動詞sound的表語，需用base的形容詞形式。2howhow引導(dǎo)賓語從句，意為“多么”。3betweenconflict between A and B的意思是“A和B之間的沖突”。4makingmake與邏輯主語the conflict之間是主動關(guān)系，故此處用現(xiàn)在分詞。5violence空格中所填單詞在句中作介詞through的賓語，需用violent的名詞形式。6has been celebrated主語是謂語動詞celebrate的承受者，需用被動語態(tài)，再根據(jù)since可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動形式。7Citizens謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，作主語的名詞也應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，句首單詞首字母應(yīng)大寫。8to expressto express their concerns for world peace是不定式短語作目的狀語。9simply空格中所填單詞在句中修飾謂語動詞，故用simple的副詞形式。10and空格前后兩句之間意義上是順承關(guān)系，故用and連接。