2019-2020年高考英語 Unit15單元單詞短語句型知識梳理 大綱人教版第二冊 .doc

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2019-2020年高考英語 Unit15單元單詞短語句型知識梳理 大綱人教版第二冊單元考查重點及熱點Unit 15單詞upset airline fly downtown avenue altitude guarantee gather feast dip gymanalyse chat budget rate visa arrangement passport cheque currency短語look into every now and then get/be tired of cool off bring up句型1.there be(no) to do sth.2.虛擬條件句中if的省略Unit 16單詞entry mental physical suffering greedy trader unemployment unrest sacrifice reconstruction former funeral vain eventually dawn overe insist plain resist chief afterwards widespread rot wildlife supply chain willing短語in vain take a chance leave alone insist on as a result put out on sale in turn grow up take away in honour of keep in touch with cut off die out have an effect on give up make use of句型1.ever since.從那以后(一直)2.see表示“經(jīng)歷、發(fā)生、目睹”。 他提供房子作為擔保。 Money is no guarantee of happiness. 金錢并非幸福的保證。 This refrigerator is guaranteed for five years. 這個冰箱保用5年。 He guaranteed this machine to work for five years. 他保證此機器可運轉5年。短語look into every now and then get/be tired of cool off bring up句型1.there be(no) to do sth.2.虛擬條件句中if的省略Unit 16單詞entry mental physical suffering greedy trader unemployment unrest sacrifice reconstruction former funeral vain eventually dawn overe insist plain resist chief afterwards widespread rot wildlife supply chain willing短語in vain take a chance leave alone insist on as a result put out on sale in turn grow up take away in honour of keep in touch with cut off die out have an effect on give up make use of句型1.ever since.從那以后(一直)2.see表示“經(jīng)歷、發(fā)生、目睹”。鏈接提示 (1)guarantee sb.sth./guarantee sth.to sb.保證某人某物 (2)guarantee to do sth.保證做某事 (3)guarantee that.保證練:He_ to give me a higher pay,so I had to leave this pany.A.guaranteed B.askedC.provided D.applied提示:從“必須辭職”來看，給高工資已經(jīng)得到保證。故選A項。答案:A2.avoid講：vt.避免；防止；回避；避開；躲避 avoid后如需要接動詞時，只能用動名詞，不可用動詞不定式。例:They narrowly avoided defeat in the semi-final. 他們在半決賽中勉強躲過一劫。 They built a wall to avoid soil being washed away. 他們建了一堵墻防止水土流失。 A single woman should avoid walking on dark streets at night. 單身女子應該避免夜間在黑暗的街道上走路。鏈接提示 (1)fail to do sth.沒有(沒能)做成 Never fail to write to me.一定要給我寫信。 (2)miss doing錯過做；躲過 The child just missed being hit by the car. 這孩子差一會兒就被車撞了。 (3)escape doing逃離(災難) He escaped from being punished.練:With a little more care you_ this traffic accident.A.could avoid B.would avoidC.could have avoided D.must have avoided提示:本句話的意思為“如果你再小心些，你就能避免這次交通事故”。could have done表示“過去能夠做某事，實際上沒做成”。答案:C短語1.look into 調(diào)查；審查；檢查；朝里面看例:A working party has been set up to look into the problem. 已成立一個工作小組來調(diào)查這個問題。鏈接提示 (1)look out(for)注意；當心；提防 (2)look through 翻閱；看一遍 (3)look on.as 把看作；認為 (4)look forward to 盼望 (5)look down upon/on 看不起 (6)look as if 看起來(似乎) (7)look like 看起來像練:(1)The detective and his assistant have begun to_ the mysterious murder.A.look into B.see toC.make over De through提示:look into意為“調(diào)查”，see to“辦理，照管”，make over“轉讓，改造”，e through“傳來”。句意為:偵探和他的助手已經(jīng)開始調(diào)查這個神秘的謀殺案，故選A項。答案:A(2)(xx湖南高考)_ for the glass! Its OK.Im wearing shoes.A.Look out B.Walk outC.Go out D.Set out提示:從句意看，應該選A項。look out有“小心”之意。答案:A(3)You shouldnt_ your disabled sister.You should help and look after her.A.play with B.look downC.study with D.look down upon提示:本題考查在語境中使用動詞短語的能力。第二句表明應該對她關心、幫助，而A、C兩項在語意上恰恰與其相反，故排除。look down upon意為“歧視;看不起”,其中down或upon都不可省略。答案:D2.get/be tired of sth./doing sth. 對某事感到厭煩/厭倦；對做某事感到厭煩/厭倦例:She was tired of hearing about their trip to India. 她聽膩了他們的印度之行。 Im sick and tired of all the arguments. 我對這些爭論厭煩透了。鏈接提示 (1)never tire of doing sth.不厭其煩地做 He went to Harvardas he never tires of reminding us. 他上過哈佛他就這樣不厭其煩地一再提醒我們。 (2)tire of sth./sb.對感到厭倦；對感到膩煩 They soon tired of the beach and went for a walk. 他們很快對海灘感到膩煩了，便去散步。 (3)tire sb./oneself out使感到筋疲力盡；感到疲憊 She was tired out by her journey. 這次旅行把她累壞了。練:(1)Wont you stop talking?I_ listening to your nonsense.A.am interested in B.am tired withC.am considering D.am tired of提示:依據(jù)上文表達的意思，排除A、C兩項，B項結構錯誤。故選D項。答案:D(2)Im tired,Dad. Tired?_?A.For which B.For whatC.From which D.Of what提示:選項為省略句，補全為“ are you tired of?”。從句意看，應該使用疑問詞what。故選D項。答案:D句型1.there be(no)need to do sth.講:注意觀察下面教材原句: But there is no need to worry if you have never skied before. 如果你從前沒滑過雪，不必擔心。 need用作名詞，作“需要；必須”講時，可以用于need for sth.或need for sb./sth.to do sth.結構中，構成“There is(no)need(for sb.)to do sth.(沒)有必要做某事”或“sb.have(no)need to do sth.某人(沒)有必要做某事”。例:There is an urgent need for qualified teachers. 迫切需要合格教師。 There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow. 你每天不必早起。鏈接提示 (1)在there is no need(for sb.)to do sth.中，動詞不定式短語(for sb.)to do sth.用作后置定語，不可用動名詞。 (2)在Its no need/no use/no good doing sth.中，動名詞短語用作主語，不可用動詞不定式。 (3)be in need of需要 The house is in need of a thorough clean. 這房子需要來個大掃除。練:(1)They say is no need to worry if you have never sung before.A.it B.there C.that D.what提示:考查句型there is no need to do sth.。答案:B(2)When the Chinese international rescuers arrived in Pakistan,they found the people suffering from the earthquake food and water supplies.A.in desperate need of B.in place ofC.in honor of D.in want提示:句意為:當中國國際救援人員到達巴基斯坦時，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)地震災區(qū)的人們急需食物和飲用水供應。in place of代替；頂替；in honour of向表示敬意；in want of=in need of。故選A項。答案:A2.虛擬條件句中if的省略講:注意觀察下面教材原句: Should you have enough energy left after a day on the slopes,you can take a dip in the pool,. 經(jīng)過一天的滑雪，如果你還有足夠的精力的話，那么你可以去水池里游一游， Should you feel the urge to pack your bags and explore what the world has to offer,you might want to consider one of the destinations below. 如果你感到有迫切的愿望去打點行李，探索世界之精彩，你可能考慮下列目的地中的一個。 以上句子中should開頭的句子是省略if的虛擬條件從句。例:Should it rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off. =If it should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨，會議就延期。 Patience is bitter,but its fruit is sweet.忍耐是痛苦的，但它的果實是甜蜜的。鏈接提示 虛擬條件句中if的省略: (1)當虛擬條件句中含有were,had,should等詞時，可以將if省略，同時把were,had,should等詞置于句首。此句型一般用于書面語。 Were it not for the sun(=If it were not for the sun),nothing could exist on the earth. 如果沒有太陽，世界上將什么也不存在。 Had they not helped us(=If they had not helped us),we wouldnt have succeeded. 如果沒有他的幫助，我們就不會成功。 Should it rain tomorrow(=If it should tomorrow),what would you do? 如果明天下雨，你們怎么辦？ (2)虛擬條件從句沒有were,had 或should等助動詞時，不能通過添加did的方式構成倒裝。 正確:If he smoked less,he wouldnt cough so much. 如果他少抽點煙，就不會咳嗽得這樣厲害。 錯誤:Did he smoke less,he wouldnt cough so much.練:(1) the chance arise,Id love to go to Beijing.A.Would B.Should C.Shall D.Can提示:本題考查虛擬條件句中省略if的用法。句意為:假如有機會，我就去北京。答案:B(2) for the timely investment from the general public,our pany would not be so thriving(興旺的)as it is.A.Had it not been B.Were it notC.Be it not D.Should it not be提示:從句意來看，條件句表示的是與過去相反的假設，主句表示與現(xiàn)在相反的事實。這種虛擬句叫做“錯綜時間條件句”。故選A項。條件句補上if，就成為if it had not been for the timely investment from general public。答案:A辨析1.be known as,be known for,be known by,be known to(1)be known as意為:作為知名；被稱作是；大家公認為；叫作。as后接表示“身份”的名詞。(2)be know for意為:因而出名；因而眾所周知。for后接表示“原因”的詞。(3)be known by意為:憑而知。by表示手段或標準，作“通過、按照”講。(4)be known to意為:為所周知；為所熟知。介詞to后的名詞或代詞為“知情者”，不可以用by。即時練習: 用as，for，by或to填空 (1)Copacabana,also known_ the “Princess of the Sea”,has just celebrated its one hundredth birthday and is more beautiful than ever. (2)The festival,known_ Carnival,is one of the worlds most famous and attracts visitors from all over the world. (3)There are plenty of easier slopes and Kitzbuhel is well known_ its many ski school. (4)Today,the South is known_ its friendly atmosphere. (5)One can be known_ his words and deeds. (6)He is known _ everyone_ a good doctor. (7)It is known_ us that China is a developing country. (8)The man is known_ the persons he makes friends with.答案:(1)as (2)as (3)for (4)for (5)by(6)to;as (7)to (8)by2.know,know of know sth.與know of sth.的區(qū)別在于:know sth.表示直接“認識”或“知道”某事物；而know of sth.表示“得知，了解，聽說過”。即時練習: (1)While they are my neighbours,I do not_ them well. (2)I dont know him but I_ him. (3)A teacher,above all,should_ how to deal with the problems taking place in class correctly. (4)Do you_ anyone here who is able to speak several foreign languages? (5)I_ her,but I do not _ her personally.答案:(1)know (2)know of (3)know (4)know of (5)know of;know誘思：實例點撥 第十五和第十六單元的語法是非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞是每年高考中必考的知識點，據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計，xx年全國高考題及各省市高考題和xx年春季上海高考題中考查非謂語動詞的單項選擇題共有30多道，由此可見非謂語動詞在高考中的重要性。因此，同學們在平時的學習和復習中要對非謂語動詞的結構和用法，特別是它們的不同點，要認真、細致地比較、牢記、掌握。【例1】(xx上海春季高考)The parents suggested_ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.A.sleep B.to sleep C.sleeping D.having slept提示:suggest后接動名詞作賓語，從時間關系看，應該用動名詞的一般式。故選C項。答案:C【例2】(xx上海春季高考)There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.A.waited B.to waitC.waiting D.wait提示:根據(jù)句型there be sb.doing.確定C項正確。答案:C【例3】(xx上海春季高考)_the employees working efficiency,the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.A.Improving B.To improveC.Having improved D.Improved提示:動詞不定式表示目的。答案:B【例4】(xx上海春季高考)In the dream Peter saw himself_ by a fierce wolf,and he woke suddenly with a start.A.chased B.to be chased C.be chased D.having been chased提示:賓語himself與chase之間有被動關系，故用過去分詞。答案:A