十年高考高考英語真題分項詳解 專題03 英語詞法 代詞（含解析）-人教高三全冊英語試題

十年（20102020）高考英語真題分項詳解03英語詞法代詞1.(2020全國卷I語法填空) Data about the moons composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.【答案】its【解析】考查代詞。句意同上。根據(jù)空后的名詞plans可知，此處應(yīng)使用形容詞性物主代詞its，故填its。2.(2019天津)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them【答案】B【解析】考查代詞。句意：一項研究表明，參加課外活動的學(xué)生比不參加課外活動的學(xué)生更開心。空格處代詞與the students是對應(yīng)關(guān)系，可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前邊提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，不能與the students形成對應(yīng)關(guān)系?！皌hese”一般不用定語從句修飾。故選B。3.(2015重慶)The meeting will be held in September, but_ knows the date for sure.A.everybodyB. nobody C. anybody D. somebody【答案】B 【解析】試題分析：句意：會議將在九月舉行，但沒有人知道確切的日期。根據(jù)but表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折可知沒有人知道，故選B項。4.(2015浙江) How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?A. them B. one C. those D. it【答案】D【解析】試題分析:句意:當(dāng)你正在看一個你喜歡的節(jié)目時，突然有個人進(jìn)來,一聲不吭地關(guān)掉電視，你會怎么想?It作形式賓語,指代If后面的句子。該句涉及到了一個疑問句，一個條件狀語從句(if)和兩個并列向(and)。這當(dāng)時應(yīng)該先把它轉(zhuǎn)化為陳述句you would like_。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)知道like之后缺少一個賓語，需要一個賓格代詞充當(dāng)，所以答案選it。5.(2015天津) The quality of education in this small school is better than _ in some larger schools.A. thatB. oneC. itD. this【答案】A【解析】試題分析：句意：這所小學(xué)校的教育質(zhì)量要好于一些大學(xué)校。句中代詞代指不可數(shù)名詞the quality of education，故用代詞that。代詞it和one都代指可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。故選A。6.(2015陜西)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against .A. another B. the other C. other D. either 【答案】B【解析】試題分析：句意：為了提醒自己，這個水手坐在火前面一只光腳摩擦另外一只腳。因為人有兩只腳，一只是one，另外一只是the other，所以選B。7.(2015福建)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, butcontained any useful suggestions.A. allB. noneC. eitherD. Neither【答案】D【解析】試題分析：考查副詞辨析。該句中A.all全部；B.none沒有一個；C.either兩個中任何一個；D.兩者都不。根據(jù)該句意思：那個研究團(tuán)隊在那個調(diào)查上得出了兩個報告，但是兩個報告里面都沒有任何有用的參考。故選D本題考查副詞辨析，要求學(xué)生掌握大綱內(nèi)每個副詞的意義及用法。8.(2014安徽)You can ask anyone for help. _ here is willing to lend you a hand.A.One B.No one C.Everyone D.Someone【答案】C【解析】你可以向任何一個人求助，這里的每一個人都愿意幫助你。故選C。9.(2014全國大綱卷)Who's that at the door?_ is the milkman.A. He B. It C. This D. That 【答案】B【解析】句意：“誰在門外？”“是送牛奶的?！币驗椴恢篱T外是什么人，故用it指代不清楚的人。故選B。10.(2014福建)In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in _， knives and forks.A.another B.others C.both D.all【答案】B【解析】句意：在一些國家，人們用筷子吃飯，而在其他的國家，(人們用)刀叉(吃飯)。another“另外一個”，后接單數(shù)名詞；others其他的人或物； both兩者；all意為“所有的”，指代可數(shù)名詞時表示“三者及以上”。根據(jù)句意可知選擇B項。11.(2014江蘇)Good families are much to all their members, but _ to none.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing【答案】C【解析】句意：好的家庭對于所有家庭成員來說意味著許多，但不是每個人的全部。everything意為“一切，全部”，符合語境。something某事； anything任何事； nothing什么都沒有。12.(2014江西)When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?_. I'll be in all day.A.Any B. None C. Neither D. Either 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“我什么時候打電話方便，早上還是下午？”“都可以，我將整天在家。”根據(jù)文中提到的in the morning or afternoon可知，此處指在兩者之間作出選擇，故排除A、B兩項；又根據(jù)“I'll be in all day.”可知應(yīng)該是兩個時間段均可以。 13.(2014山東T4) Susan made_ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.A.that B.this C.it D.her 【答案】C【解析】句意：蘇珊向我清楚地表明她希望為自己開創(chuàng)新的生活。that she wished to make a new life for herself是賓語從句，it為形式賓語，本句為“make itadj. to sbthat從句”結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C。14.(2014江西)I'd appreciate _ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.A. it B. you C. one D. this【答案】A【解析】I'd appreciate it if/when/that是固定句式，it作形式賓語，故選A。15.(2014四川)She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked _ and moved to Cambridge.A.bothB.neither C.none D.either【答案】B【解析】both兩者都；neither表示兩者的全部否定；none表示三者及以上的全部否定；either表示兩者中選擇其一。此處是表示兩者的全部否定，故用neither。句意：她曾在倫敦和曼徹斯特生活過，但這兩個地方她都不喜歡，并搬去了劍橋。16.(2014浙江)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year，making _ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.A.each B.it C.this D.one【答案】B【解析】句意：去年這里的平均降水量為18.75厘米，這使得去年成為加利福尼亞自1850年建州以來最干旱的一年。這里用it來指代上文提到的last year。each每個，每一個；this意為“這，這個”，常用來指代下文提到的事物；one泛指某一個。故選B項。17.(2014重慶)A smile costs _，but gives much.A. anythingB. something C. nothing D. everything【答案】C【解析】句意：微笑什么都不會花費(fèi)，但卻帶來很多。but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，nothing與much形成語義上的對比。故選C。18.(2013四川)The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones.A. one B. this C. that D. it【答案】C【解析】主大街上的綠色交通信號燈比次要的小街道上的時間長。空白處指代的是前面的the traffic，這是個抽象不可數(shù)名詞，而且是特指，故應(yīng)該用that；one不是特指，排除A項；this不能用于此種情況，排除B項；it 是指代前面提到的同一個東西，而此處并不是同一個，而是另外街道上的交通情況，排除項D項。19.(2013浙江)Half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.A. these B. some C. onesD. those【答案】D【解析】在16個國家中那些被調(diào)查的人中有一半說，他們都最先去找最親密的朋友分享最深的祝福以及道出最大的恐懼。橫線后有后置定語surveyed in 16 countries，根據(jù)句意，被調(diào)查的那些人中的一半，通常用 those 來指代那些人，相當(dāng)于the people，可知選D。其余選項均不合題意，故排除。20.(2013天津)At our factory there are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine.A. themB. theseC. thoseD. ones【答案】C【解析】在我們工廠有一些機(jī)器和這本雜志中所描述的那些機(jī)器很相似。在含有比較句型的句子中選擇代詞時，如果比較對象是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞名詞，用that；如果是復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞用those，本題中的比較對象是我們工廠的一些機(jī)器和雜志中描述的那些機(jī)器的對比，所以只能選擇C. those。其余選項均不合題意，故排除。21.(2013新課標(biāo)卷)It's an either-or situation - we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _.A. othersB. eitherC. anotherD. both【答案】D【解析】這是一種“二選一”的情況，就是說，我們今年可以買一個新車，或者可以去度假，但我們不能兩者兼得。句中的關(guān)鍵詞是either-or situation，既然是二選一的情況，那就不能兩者都留著，因此鎖定正確答案是D。其他三個選項的意思分別是“其他人或物”，“兩者中的一個”，“另一個，又一個”，均不合題意，排除。22.(2013山東)Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like _ of them very much.A. either B. any C. each D. another【答案】A【解析】我在紐約和芝加哥生活過，但是兩個城市我都不是很喜歡。短語noteither=neither（兩者都不），故答案選A。部分考生可能會誤選B，而any則指三者或三者以上中的任何一個，此句只提到了美國的紐約和芝加哥兩個城市，故排除B項。C. each每一個（用于兩者或兩者以上），故排除；D. another三者或三者以上中的另外一個，故排除。23.(2013陜西)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life.A. some B. neither C. none D. all【答案】C【解析】雖然Rosemary遭受嚴(yán)重的疾病之苦好多年了，但她一點也沒有失去對生活的熱情。這是一個主動復(fù)合句，根據(jù)連詞although可知，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。既然前面是遭受疾病之苦，那后面就應(yīng)該是反面的意思，排除選項A和D；neither指的是兩者都不，而生活的熱情是不能用兩個來形容的，排除選項B。24.(2013江西)_ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it.A. AnybodyB. EverybodyC. NobodyD. Somebody【答案】C【解析】如果不喜歡某件事，沒有人能40年如一日地做好它。抓住題意和關(guān)鍵詞，可知：沒有人能，故答案選C. Nobody沒有人。A. anybody任何人；B. everybody每個人，所有人；D. somebody某人，均不合題意，排除。25.(2013上海)Those who smoke heavily should remind _ of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people.A. theirsB. themC. themselvesD. oneself【答案】C【解析】那些煙癮很大的人應(yīng)該提醒自己注意健康，難聞的氣味以及他人的感受。句中的those和other people為關(guān)鍵詞，既然要顧及他人感受，自然要時刻提醒自己，而those的反身代詞為“他們自己”，即themselves，故選項C正確。A. theirs為名詞性物主代詞，相當(dāng)于their名詞，意為“他們的”，故排除；B. them是人稱代詞they的賓格，意為“他們”，故排除；D. oneself為反身代詞，意為“自己，自身”，故排除。 26.(2013安徽)This project requires close teamwork. _ Will be achieved unless we work well together.A. NothingB. AnythingC. SomethingD. Everything【答案】A【解析】這個項目需要緊密合作，沒有好的合作就不會取得任何結(jié)果。根據(jù)句意，既然需要緊密合作，那么沒有好的合作，當(dāng)然是不會有啥結(jié)果的，所以正確答案是A. nothing。其余選項均不合題意，故排除。27.(2013遼寧)To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then _of her colleagues.A.that B.one C.ones D.those【答案】A【解析】使黛拉高興的是，她首先贏得了學(xué)生的信任，接著又獲得了同事的信任。A. that特指，相當(dāng)于the單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或the不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)句意，這里指“贏得同事的信任”，即the trust of her colleagues，顯然是特指，故選A。 B. one相當(dāng)于a/an可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；C. ones指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表泛指；D. those=the ones，指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表特指。均不合題意，故排除。28.(2013重慶) Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is _.A. anotherB. the otherC. one another D. one【答案】A【解析】再循環(huán)是保護(hù)環(huán)境的一種方式，重復(fù)利用是另外一種。another的意思是“另一個，有一個”，非特指。本題的空白處不是特指，指的是很多種中的另一種，故應(yīng)該用A. another；the other 的意思是“兩者中的另一個”是特指； one another的意思是“互相”；one的意思是“一個”，非特指。均不合題意，故排除。29.(2012陜西) No matter where he is, he makes _a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.A. him B this C. that D. it 【答案】 D 【解析】所填詞做使役動詞make的形式賓語，真正賓語是to go for a walk，選D。30.(2012全國新課標(biāo)卷) Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but of them wants to, because they have work to do.A. either B. anyC. neither D. none【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，Bill和Peter兩個人，所以其否定形式用neither。句意：Larry請求Bill和Peter一起和他去野餐，但他們兩個都不想去，因為他們要工作。31.(2012山東)When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _.A. whoeverB. whereverC. whatever D. however【答案】A【解析】此處whoever是代詞，意為：任何人，無論誰。它作to的賓語。句意：你看完書后，把書給Lucy或Helen，或誰都行。32.(2012江西) My brother would like to buy a good watch but was available from that shop.A.nothingB.noneC.no oneD.neither【答案】B【解析】nothing指物，什么都不是；none既可指人也可指物，強(qiáng)調(diào)“每一個”；no one只能指人；neither表兩者都不，故此題選B。33.(2012重慶) -John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday? -_.Ill be off to London then A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)答語“Ill be off to London then.”可知，約定的星期三或者星期五對John來說，都不行。在選項中B選項是“兩者都不”之意，符合語境。因此，正確答案為B選項。34.(2012湖北) If youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get for me?A. one B. such C. this D. that【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)句意：如果你去報攤上買今天的報紙，給我捎回一份好嗎？one作“一個”，“一本”，“一件”等解，用來代替上文提到過的paper。相當(dāng)于a copy of paper.35.(2011全國卷II)I got this bicycle for ; My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing【答案】D【解析】句意為“我沒花錢就得了這輛自行車；我的朋友買了一輛新車，就把這輛給了我?！备鶕?jù)后面“gave it to me”可判斷沒花錢，nothing表否定，for表示交換。因此選D。36.(2011北京)The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase .A. them B. those C. it D. that【答案】C【解析】句意為“由于當(dāng)?shù)卣呐Γ蟪鞘欣锏木蜆I(yè)率持續(xù)升高。”it代指前面交代過的“the employment rate”，是單數(shù)，而them和those是復(fù)數(shù)。因此選C。37.(2011天津)We feel our duty to make our country a better place.A. it B. this C. that D. one【答案】A【解析】句意為“我們覺得將我們的國家變得更好是我們的職責(zé)。”it在此句中充當(dāng)形式賓語，代指“to make our country a better place”。 因此選A。38.(2011上海春招)They produced two reports, _ of which contained any useful suggestions.A. either B. all C. none D. neither【答案】D【解析】句意為“他們提供了兩份報告，沒有一份報告含有任何有用的建議?！眓either兩個都不；either兩者之一，但后半句里的“any useful suggestions”與否定連用；all與none指三個或三個以上，與前面的“two reports”不相一致。因此選D。39.(2011山東) The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other.A. it B. them C. her D. that【答案】A【解析】句意為“這兩個女孩長得很相像，不熟悉的人很難將她倆區(qū)分開來。”it在此句中充當(dāng)形式賓語，代指“to tell one from the other”。 因此選A。40.(2011福建) We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose _ based on your own interests. A. either B. each C. one D. it【答案】C【解析】句意為“在你們的假期里，我們這兒有各種暑期夏令營，你們可以根據(jù)自己的興趣任選一個?！眔ne代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表泛指，相當(dāng)于“a/an + 單數(shù)名詞”。這里泛指某個summer camp夏令營。因此選C。41.(2011安徽) Surprisingly, Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_ almost an overcoat for her.A. them B. her C. itself D. herself【答案】C【解析】句意為“令人驚嘆的是，Susan美麗的長發(fā)垂到她的膝蓋下面，就像一件外套似的。”反身代詞itself指的是前面提到的beautiful hair。而them,her和herself指的都是人。因此選C。42.(2011浙江) Since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as _ else. A. anything B. something C. anywhere D. somewhere【答案】C【解析】句意為“人們喜愛幽默，所以，在談話中或者別的什么地方的幽默都受人歡迎?！币蓡柛痹~anywhere與else連用，表示（除了in conversation的）其他任何地方，表示場合的。而anything和something是表示超越場合的事物。因此選C。43.(2011四川) There is in his words. We should have a try.A. something B. anything C.nothing D.everything【答案】A【解析】句意為“他的話有些道理，我們應(yīng)該試一試?！眘omething 指不簡單的事、可觀的成績、有些地位的人。因此選A。44.(2011重慶)Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.What do you think of over there?A. the one B. this C.it D.that【答案】D【解析】句意為“我真傻！想不起來自己的行李是什么樣子的。你看看那邊的是不是你的？”指示代詞that指時間與空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物，over there交代了空間上的遠(yuǎn)距離。this指時間與空間上較近的事物，the one和it都特指前面曾經(jīng)交代過的事物。結(jié)合語境，選D。45.(2011陜西)Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear? one? A.Other B.Every C.Another D.More【答案】C【解析】句意為“親愛的，可不可以到廚房里給我拿一塊巧克力來？還要吃一塊？”another 與數(shù)詞連用時，數(shù)詞放在another的后面，如another three chairs; other和more與數(shù)詞連用時，數(shù)詞放在它們的前面，如one more apple, two other boys；every指每一個，含義與all接近。因此選C。46.(2011湖南) I knew that _ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. A. something B. anything C. everything D.nothing【答案】D【解析】句意為“我知道沒有什么能夠阻止他；他決不會放棄做一名導(dǎo)演的念頭?！备鶕?jù)后面“never give up”可知前面相應(yīng)地也要用否定性的不定代詞nothing。因此選D。47.(2011遼寧)Would you like tea or coffee? , thank you. I've just had some water.A. Either B. Both C. Any D. Neither【答案】D【解析】句意為“你是想喝茶還是咖啡？謝謝你，都不想喝。我剛才已經(jīng)喝了水了。”通過后面“I've just had some water”可以判定是拒絕tea 和coffee。neither“兩者中哪個都不”，其所指范圍是兩個人或物；either表示“兩者中的任何一個”；both“兩個都”，修飾可數(shù)名詞，統(tǒng)指兩者；any用于肯定句，作“任何的”解。因此選D。48.(2011江西) Why dont you bring _ to his attention that youre too ill to work on?A. that B.it C.his D.him【答案】B【解析】句意為“為什么你不讓他注意到你病得太嚴(yán)重了以至于不能工作下去？”it作形式賓語，指代句子后面that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。因此選B。49.(2010福建)When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say for me?A. everythingB. anything C. somethingD. nothing【答案】C【解析】句子的意思是當(dāng)你向Mr. John介紹我的時候, 你可以為我說一些好話嗎? A. everything 所有的；B. anything 任何事；D nothing 什么也沒有 C. something表示一些, 某些50.(2010上海)If our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on .A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves【答案】D【解析】主語為we, 因此應(yīng)為ourselves. depend on oneself:自力更生。根據(jù)句意, 選D。51.(2010安徽)You are a team star! Working with_ is really your cup of tea. A. both B. either C. others D. the other【答案】C【解析】句意為 “你是球隊明星！與他人合作必須是你喜歡做的事?！绷?xí)語 “ones cup of tea”意為 “the type of thing or person that you like”。52.(2010山東)Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age. A. it B. that C. what D. one【答案】D【解析】句意應(yīng)為”幫助別人是一種習(xí)慣, 一個你在很小時就能學(xué)會的習(xí)慣?！笨崭裉幣c前句中的habit構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系, 所以選擇D項。句中you can learn even at an early age是省略了關(guān)系代詞that 的定語從句, that在定語從句中作learn的賓語使用。53.(2010天津) in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum. A. Anything B. Nothing C. Everything D. Something【答案】B【解析】nothing用于句中表示否定意義, 而其他三個詞則表示肯定意義。句意：我一生中什么都沒有我第一次參觀故宮給我的印象更深刻。54.(2010陜西)The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city. A. that B. this C. it D. one 【答案】A【解析】所填詞用于比較狀語從句中, 指代句子的主語cost, 即指代不可數(shù)名詞, 用that。This指代下文即將提到的事物；it指代 “同一物”；one指代 “同類中的一個”之意。55.(2010四川)On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby. A. him B. his C. me D. mine【答案】C【解析】take a photo of sb. 意為給某人照相, 此處應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格。正確答案為C。56.(2010全國卷II)Neither side is prepared to talk to _unless we can smooth things over between them. A. others B. the other C. another D. one other【答案】B【解析】Neither含有 “兩者都不”之意, 一方對應(yīng)另一方, 故用the other指 “兩者中的另一個”。57.(2010重慶)He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found of them again. A. neitherB. eitherC. eachD. all【答案】B【解析】由 “his temper and health”可以排除C項和D項, 由后面的never表否定, 選either, never either是全部否定, 相當(dāng)于neither。58.(2010重慶)To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products. A. whoeverB. whoC. whicheverD. which【答案】A【解析】這兒_ used the products。是個賓語從句, 從句中缺少主語, 并且指人, 所以用whoever.59.(2010浙江) thats important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. A.OneB.AllC.Everything D.Anything【答案】B【解析】分析四個選項的意思, 根據(jù)語境：重要的是你正在努力并且朝著正確的方向前行。從而判斷此處選擇all意思最合適。