非謂語 to do課件.ppt

不 定 式 由 “ to+動 詞 原 形 ” 構(gòu) 成 ,其 否 定 形 式 是“ not/never to do” ,不 定 式 可 以 帶 賓 語 或 狀 語構(gòu) 成 不 定 式 短 語 ,沒 有 人 稱 和 數(shù) 的 變 化 ,但 有 時態(tài) 和 語 態(tài) 的 變 化 。 不 定 式 可 以 作 主 語 、 賓 語 、狀 語 、 表 語 和 定 語 ， 但 不 能 單 獨 作 謂 語 。不 定 式 1結(jié)構(gòu) : to do (否定) not to do 二. 時態(tài)與語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing - 1 解 釋(1)不 定 式 的 一 般 形 式 所 表 示 的 動 作 ， 通 常 與 謂 語 的 動作 （ 狀 態(tài) ） 同 時 （ 或 幾 乎 同 時 ） 發(fā) 生 ， 或 是 在 它 之后 發(fā) 生 。(2)如 果 謂 語 表 示 的 動 作 （ 情 況 ） 發(fā) 生 時 ， 不 定 式 表示 的 動 作 正 在 進(jìn) 行 ， 這 時 不 定 式 就 要 用 進(jìn) 行 式 。(3)如 果 不 定 式 的 動 作 發(fā) 生 在 謂 語 動 詞 之 前 ， 就 要用 完 成 式 。They pretended to be studying when the teacher came in.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.I want to have a holiday as soon as possible . 1. 作主語2. 作賓語3. 作賓語補足語4. 作定語5. 作狀語6. 作表語7. 作獨立成分8. 與疑問詞等連用 三. 用法/ 功能To see is to believe.Its important to learn .(1). 主語不定式作主語時,往往放在謂語之后,用it作形式主語.My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.is is(2). 表語 不定式做真正主語的兩個特殊句型* It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do eg: It is brave of him to save the girl in the water.注意：在此句型中，adj. 只能用可以修飾行為、動作及人物的形容詞。例如：kind, nice, good, brave, clever, wise, stupid, foolish, honest, careless, cruel, generous etc.*It is +adj.+for sb.(用賓格) +to do eg.1: It is not difficult for us to learn English well. eg.2: It is right for him to work here.注意：這里的adj. 不能表示人的性質(zhì)，只能表示某事或某物的性 質(zhì)。例如：difficult, wonderful, meaningful, painful,useful I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.(3) 賓語think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：hope, refuse, learn, set outchoose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan. The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(4). 賓補五看 watch see look at observe notice三使 let make have 二聽 listen to hear一感覺: feelwarn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等 I made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).不定式用在but, except, besides后時,如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶to.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep. I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about.(5). 定語(如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞,則不定式中要有介詞.)請給我一支寫字的筆.Please give me a pen to write with. 不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語之后。1. 不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種關(guān)系：(1)動賓關(guān)系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。 (2)主謂關(guān)系 He is always the first to come.他總是第一個來。 (3)同位關(guān)系 We all have a chance to go to college. 我們都有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會。 2. 作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。 He is looking for a room to live in. 他在找一個房間住。3. 不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place或way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live. 他沒錢沒地方住。 4. something, anything, nothing, everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。注意比較：1. Have you anything to send?你有什么東西要寄嗎？（不定式to send的動作執(zhí)行者是you）2. Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？ （不定式to be sent的動作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someone else） I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6) 狀語in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too.to., (7).獨立結(jié)構(gòu)to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truthTo tell the truth, I dont agree with you. 關(guān)于小品詞to (1).不定式中的動詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要 省略該動詞. eg: Would you like to go with me ? Id like to .(2). 不定式是to be 結(jié)構(gòu), be 不可省. eg: Would you like to be a teacher? Id like to be. 不 定 式 與 疑 問 詞 who,which, when, how, what 等 連 用 ， 在 句 中 起 名 詞 作 用 ， 可 充 當(dāng) 主 語 、 表語 、 賓 語 等 。He didnt know what to say.他 不 知 道 說 什 么 。(賓 語 ) How to solve the problem is very important.如 何 解 決 這 個 問 題 很 重 要 。 (主 語 ) My question is when to start.我 的 問 題 是 什 么 時候 開 始 。 (表 語 )注 意 ：在 與 why連 用 時 ， 只 用 于 why或 why not開 頭 的 簡短 疑 問 句 中 ， 后 面 緊 跟 的 動 詞 不 定 式 不 帶 to。 Why not have a rest? 1. had better/had best + (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事2. Why (not) do sth.?3. prefer to do/prefer doing4. prefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing B5. prefer + to do A rather than (to) do B6. would rather (not) do sth.7. would rather do A than (do) B8. would rather + 句子（過去式） （虛擬語氣） 要做 (1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.(一 般 式 表 示 與 謂 語 的 動 作 同 時 /幾 乎 /發(fā) 生 在它 之 后 .)(在 謂 語 動 詞 發(fā) 生 的 同 時 ,不 定 式 的 動 作 也 正 在 進(jìn) 行 )(完 成 式 表 示 動 作 發(fā) 生 在 謂 語 動 作 之 前 )(4).Were happy to have been working with you. (完 成 進(jìn) 行 式 表 示 謂 語 動 作 發(fā) 生 之 前 ,不 定 式 的動 作 一 直 在 進(jìn) 行 而 且 可 能 之 后 也 繼 續(xù) ) 1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.B.explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.C.having been B. to have beenC. to be D. being 4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language hard _.B.learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off 7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _.B.school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study 9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.A.expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.B.to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change?C.to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go 12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made13. I would rather starve to death than _ for food.B.beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.C.reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read 1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 13. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep15. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 1. He was overheard to say that he hoped John would resign.2. Peter was made to wait outside.3. He was heard to unlock the door and go out.4. The man was seen to shoot the woman on the street.5. The old lady was noticed to wipe her face with a handkerchief. 1. I forgot to ask you to go to the bank.2. It is very important to turn off the electricity before you check the machine.3. I know how to make a mouse out of my handkerchief.4. Luckily, we dont have much more work to do.5. She was very pleased to have the opportunity to travel while she was young.6. She has been very successful in her work, and now her greatest wish is to get married and have a child. 1. started pushing/ to push2. promised to go3. advise you to eat4. began shouting/to shout5. avoid falling 6. forget to call7. felt like throwing8. let them stay1. a. to tell b. spending2. a. putting b. to check3. a. talking b. to make c. to drink4. a. to get b. thinking