2019版高考英語 句法 第4講 特殊句式課件.ppt

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第4講 特殊句式,1. （2013福建高考）Not until he went through real hardship _ the love we have for our families is important. A. had he realized B. did he realize C. he realized D. he had realized 【解析】選B?？疾榈寡b。句意：直到他經(jīng)歷了真正的艱難困苦，他才意識到我們對家庭的愛是重要的。not until屬于否定意義的詞，放在句首，主句要用部分倒裝，根據(jù)句意可知realize這一動作應發(fā)生在went through之后，故用一般過去時，因此選B。,2. （2013湖南高考）Not once _ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class. A. occurred it B. it did occur C. it occurred D. did it occur 【解析】選D?？疾榈寡b句。句意：邁克爾從來沒想過有一天他會成為班里的一名頂尖學生。not為否定詞，放在句首用部分倒裝，故選D。,3. （2013江蘇高考）“Never for a second, ”the boy says, “_ that my father would come to my rescue. ” A. I doubted B. do I doubt C. I have doubted D. did I doubt 【解析】選D?？疾榈寡b。句意：那個男孩說：“我從來沒有懷疑過我爸爸會來救我?！本渲衝ever為否定詞，置于句首時句子應該使用部分倒裝，因此排除A項和C項。從句中的would表示過去將來時，根據(jù)主從句時態(tài)一致性的原則，主句應該使用過去時。,4. （2013江西高考）Only when he apologizes for his rudeness _ to him again. A. I will speak B. will I speak C. do I speak D. I speak 【解析】 選B。考查倒裝句和動詞時態(tài)。句意：只有當他因為他的無禮道歉時，我才會再和他說話。“Only+狀語（從句）”放在句首，后面的句子倒裝。倒裝時，把助動詞放到主語之前。時間狀語從句中的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，主句要用一般將來時。故選B。,5. （2013遼寧高考）At no time _ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them. A. they actually broke B. do they actually break C. did they actually break D. they had actually broken 【解析】選C。考查倒裝。句意：他們絕對沒有違反比賽規(guī)則，懲罰他們是不公平的。at no time 放在句首，句子要倒裝。故排除A和D兩項。又根據(jù)句中的時態(tài)是一般過去時，所以選C。,6. （2013新課標全國卷）Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _ properly in this hospital. A. can be the patients treated B. can the patients be treated C. the patients can be treated D. treated can be the patients 【解析】選B?？疾榈寡b。句意：在這所醫(yī)院里，只有醫(yī)生的數(shù)量增加50%，病人才能得到妥善的治療?！皁nly+狀語”位于句首，句子用部分倒裝，即把助動詞放在主語之前。由此可知選B。,7. （2013浙江高考）There are some health problems that, when _ in time, can become bigger ones later on. A. not treated B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not having been treated,【解析】選A?？疾闋钫Z從句的省略。句意：有些健康問題，如果不及時治療，日后會變成大問題。that引導problems的定語從句；when引導定語從句中的時間狀語從句，補全為when they are not treated in time，定語從句的主語that代指problems，與when從句的主語相同，符合狀語從句省略的條件，所以省略了主語they與系動詞are。故選A。,8. （2013福建高考）Anyone, once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government. A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test 【解析】選C?？疾闋钫Z從句的省略。句意：任何一個人一旦被檢測到攜帶陽性H7N9流感病毒，將會接受來自我們政府的免費治療。若主句與狀語從句的主語一致，狀語從句中又含有系動詞be，則可省略狀語從句的主語和系動詞，該從句補充完整為once anyone is tested. . . ，故選C。,9. （2013新課標全國卷）The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _. A. not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not 【解析】選B。考查動詞不定式的省略。句意：司機想把車停在路邊，但是警察提醒他不可以。此處是ask sb. to do 的被動語態(tài)形式，所以首先排除C、D兩項。動詞不定式符號to指代前面的to park his car near the roadside，為了避免重復，直接用to。,10. （2013天津高考）It was not until near the end of the letter _ she mentioned her own plan. A. that B. where C. why D. when 【解析】選A?？疾閺娬{句。句意：快到信的末尾時她才提到自己的計劃。分析句子可推斷此處考查not until的強調句，形式是“it is/was not until. . . that. . . ”，故選A。,11. （2013新課標全國卷）It was only after he had read the papers _ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. A. when B. that C. which D. what 【解析】選B?？疾閺娬{句型。句意：格羅斯先生在讀了文件后才意識到他面前的這項任務很難完成。題干是強調句型，強調句型的結構是：It+be+被強調部分+that/who+其他。此處被強調部分是only after he had read the papers。故選B。,12. （2013重慶高考）It was with the help of the local guide _ the mountain climber was rescued. A. who B. that C. when D. how 【解析】選B。考查強調句。句意：在當?shù)貙в蔚膸椭履俏坏巧秸攉@救了。將it was和that去掉后句子重新排序依然完整可以斷定為強調句，故選that；A項只有在強調人時才會使用；C、D兩項在強調句中不適用。,13. （2013新課標全國卷）I was glad to meet Jenny again, _ I didnt want to spend all day with her. A. but B. and C. so D. or 【解析】選A?？疾檫B詞。句意：再次見到珍妮我很高興，但是我不想一整天都和她待在一起。but但是；and并且，和；so因此；or或者，否則。根據(jù)句意可知前后之間是轉折關系，所以選A。,14. （2013四川高考）Read this story, _ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. A. or B. and C. but D. so 【解析】 選B?？疾楣潭ň涫剑浩硎咕?and+陳述句。句意：讀了這個故事，你就會知道錢并不能買到一切。結合句意可知前后兩個分句之間為順承關系，故選擇并列連詞and。A項表示兩分句之間為轉折關系；B項表示兩分句之間為順承關系；C項表示兩分句之間為轉折關系；D項表示兩分句之間為因果關系。故選B項。,15. （2013北京高考）Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs, _ you could have problems. A. or B. and C. but D. so 【解析】選A。考查連詞。句意：在關閉所有的程序前不要關閉電腦，否則你可能會有麻煩。or“否則，要不然”符合句意。,熱點考向 1 倒裝 （一）完全倒裝。 1. here, there, now, then等副詞放在句首時，句子要完全倒裝，謂語動詞常用come, go, be, lie, run等。 Now comes your turn. 現(xiàn)在輪到你了。 注意：上述完全倒裝句子中主語若為人稱代詞，應放在動詞前：Here he comes. 他來了。,2. 表示方位的副詞in, out, back, up, down, off, away 等置于句首時，句子要全部倒裝，句子的謂語動詞常是come, go等表示運動的詞。例如： The door opened and in came the headmaster. 門開了，校長進來了。 3. 表語提到句首，采用完全倒裝：“表語 + 系動詞 + 主語”。（進行時態(tài)也可這樣）。 Present at the meeting are some famous scientists. 出席會議的是一些著名的科學家。,4. 有時當句子沒有賓語而主語又比較長，或者為了使上下文緊密銜接，常把作表語的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語或作地點狀語的介詞短語提至句首，主語、謂語采用完全倒裝形式。例如： At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake and near the lake are some farmhouses hidden in trees. 山腳下有一個美麗的湖，湖邊有些農(nóng)舍掩映在樹林中。 5. 用于there be結構之中。例如： There lived a rich man near the river many years ago. 許多年以前在河邊住著一個有錢人。,（二）部分倒裝 1. 否定詞：not（不），seldom（很少），never（從不），hardly（幾乎不），barely（幾乎不），scarcely（幾乎不），little（完全不），never before（以前從不），not. . . until(直到才)，no sooner. . . than（剛就）hardly. . . when，by no means（決不），under no circumstances (決不)，in no case（決不），nowhere（沒有地方）, neither, nor, rarely, no longer, not until, at no time, on no account等放在句首，需用部分倒裝。not only. . . but also（不僅而且）連接并列句時, 前一分句用部分倒裝。,Little did he realize the danger he was in then. 他當時一點也沒有意識到自己處于危險之中。 Not only must we come to school on time every day, but also we must work hard. 我們不僅每天要按時到校，而且還要努力學習。,2. “only +副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句作狀語放在句首, 主句要采用部分倒裝。 3. “so +助動詞be動詞情態(tài)動詞 +主語”，表示前面所說的肯定情況也適用于其他人或物；“neither/nor +助動詞be動詞情態(tài)動詞+主語”, 表示前面所說的否定情況也適用于其他人或物。 4. 用于so/such. . . that句型，so/such置于句首時，采用部分倒裝： So easy is the sport that even an old man can do it. 這項運動很容易，連老人都能做。,5. 用于省略了if的虛擬條件句：含有should，had或were的虛擬條件句，省略if時必須將should, had或were提到主語前。 6. 以as/though引導的讓步狀語從句通常倒裝，其結構為： 形容詞/副詞/名詞+ as/though +主語+謂語 動詞+ as/though +主語+情態(tài)動詞,【真題變式】把下列句子改為倒裝句。 (2012江西高考)She has never seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert before. _ _ (2012遼寧高考)He didnt consider having a holiday abroad until he retired from teaching three years ago. _ _,Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well,as Robert.,Not until he retired from teaching three years ago did he,consider having a holiday abroad.,熱點考向 2 省略 (一)動詞不定式的省略 1. 一些表示心理活動、情感態(tài)度的動詞或短語, 如expect/want/hope/wish/love/hate/decide/plan/mean/try/would like/be ready/be afraid/be glad等, 后面的動詞不定式省略to后面的動詞部分, 但保留to。 2. 省略時，不定式to be省略時還得保留 be。 This company is not what it used to be. 這個公司與以前不一樣了。 3. 不定式的完成式的省略則為to have。,(二)狀語從句的省略 在一些狀語從句中，如果謂語動詞是be，且主語和主句的主語一致，或者主語是it，常?？梢园褟木渲械闹髡Z和be省略掉。,【真題變式】把If so句子補充完整。 （2011江蘇高考）It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. If so, wed better take it to the garage immediately. _,If something is wrong with the cars engine,熱點考向 3 強調 1. 強調句的特殊句式。,2. 用助動詞do, does或did來強調謂語動詞，用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的肯定的陳述句中，do還可以用于祈使句。,【真題變式】改為強調句。 (2012湖南高考)I didnt realize this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather until I came here. _ _,It was not until I came here that I realized this place was,famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.,【命題小試】 請根據(jù)以下內容命制一道考查強調句型的題目。 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic, Zheng He had sailed to East Africa. 【參考答案】 It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic _ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa. A. when B. that C. after D. since,【解析】選B。考查強調句。句意: 在克里斯托弗哥倫布橫跨大西洋80年前, 鄭和就航行到了東非。強調句基本結構為: It is/was. . . that. . . 。本句被強調部分是時間狀語從句80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic。故選B。,熱點考向 4 反意疑問句 1. 主從復合句的反意疑問句, 與主句的主謂語保持一致。但當陳述部分是I （We）think /believe/expect / suppose加從句時，疑問句應和從句的人稱時態(tài)保持一致。 2. must表示猜測時的反意疑問句。 (1)“must be”對現(xiàn)在情況進行推測作一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在進行時的附加疑問句進行處理。 (2)“must+完成時”用來推測過去的動作強調對現(xiàn)在的影響，句中沒有表示過去時間的狀語時按現(xiàn)在完成時的附加疑問句來處理。 如有明確的表過去的時間狀語，按一般過去時處理。,3. 陳述部分是祈使句，疑問尾句用will you；但如果陳述部分是lets開頭的祈使句，疑問尾句用shall we。 4. 陳述部分帶有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定詞或半否定詞時，附加疑問部分的動詞用肯定形式。,【真題變式】完成下列反意疑問句。 (2012江蘇高考)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _? （2011重慶高考）I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, _?,is there,didnt I,熱點考向 5 固定句式及其他 1. 祈使句的固定句式。 (1)祈使句+and+簡單句, 表示“如果就”。 (2)祈使句+or+簡單句, 表示“否則”。 (3)名詞詞組+and+簡單句，表示“如果就”。,2. 感嘆句的固定句式。 (1)What a(n)+單數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語！ (2)What+形容詞+復數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語！ (3)How+形容詞+a(n)+單數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語！ (4)How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語！,【真題變式】改為主從復合句。 （2011山東高考） Find ways to praise your children often, and youll find they will open their hearts to you. _ _ （2011遼寧高考）Bring the flowers into a warm room and theyll soon open. _,If you find ways to praise your children often, youll find they,will open their hearts to you.,If you bring the flowers into a warm room, theyll soon open.,易錯點 1 1誤判倒裝語序和正常語序 （母題）Only when you realize the importance of English _ it well. A. you can learn B. can you learn C. you learned D. did you learn 【解析】選B。only接狀語從句放在句首時，主句使用部分倒裝。,（變式）When you realize the importance of English _ it well. A. you can learn B. can you learn C. you learned D. did you learn 【解析】選A。前面為when引導時間狀語從句，后面的主句使用正常語序。,【誤區(qū)點撥】 解答此類題目的關鍵是明白倒裝的概念并熟練掌握構成倒裝的條件。 解題時要認真分析題干，找到標志詞或相關信息以選出正確答案。 only置于句首的倒裝須具備的條件：only限制狀語（副詞、介詞短語、從句）。,易錯點 2 誤判強調句型與其他句式 （母題）Was it in the room _ he once lived _ the meeting was held? A. where; that B. where; where C. that; where D. that; that 【解析】選A。此題為強調句式，強調地點狀語in the room, where引導的是定語從句，修飾the room。,（變式）My key is gone. Have you seen it anywhere? Oh，it is in the room _ we had a talk last night. Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dwhat 【解析】選C。此題易誤選A項，把整個句子看成是一個強調句型，從語法角度分析是一個正確句子，還原則為In the room we had a talk last night；但是，聯(lián)系語境，上面問的是地點，中心詞是地點，所以此題選C，where引導定語從句，答語補充完整則為Oh，it is in the room where we had a talk last night that I saw your key. (強調地點狀語in the room),【誤區(qū)點撥】 解答此類問題的關鍵是明確強調句型的各種句式。 強調句型的顯著特點就是去掉“It is/was. . . that/who. . . ”，可以還原為一個完整的句子。,1. （2013西安模擬）Only if we keep in touch with others more often _ our concern, love and friendliness to them Awe can show Bhave we shown Ccan we show Dwe have shown 【解析】選C?？疾榈寡b。此處only+狀語從句置于句首，主句使用部分倒裝語序；從時態(tài)角度分析，此處主句使用一般現(xiàn)在時，故選C。,2. (2013臺州模擬) The fire alarm went off last night and _ in pants. A. out rushed many residents B. did many residents rush out C. many residents had rushed out D. many residents would rush out 【解析】選A。考查倒裝。句意：昨晚防火警報器響了，很多居民穿著短褲跑了出來。表方位的副詞out放在句首，句子用完全倒裝。C、D兩項時態(tài)不對。,3. (2013福州模擬)It is comforting to see that _, we are doing our part for the environment. A. as small may be we B. as we may be small C. small as may be we D. small as we may be 【解析】選D?？疾榈寡b。as引導的讓步狀語從句中，常把作表語的形容詞和名詞、作狀語的副詞或情態(tài)動詞后的動詞原形提到句首，此處small作表語提至句首，故選D。,4. So popular _ that it attracts more than 100, 000 kite fans to this city. A. became kite flying B. kite flying became C. has kite flying become D. kite flying has become 【解析】選C?？疾榈寡b。在so+形容詞/副詞+that結構中，當把so +形容詞/副詞提至句首時使用倒裝語序，故選C。,5. (2013杭州模擬)Shes been on a diet for three months; _, she is heavier than before. A. if ever B. if any C. if anything D. if possible 【解析】選C。考查省略。句意：她已經(jīng)節(jié)食三個月了；要說有什么變化的話，倒是她比以前更重了。if ever 如果發(fā)生過的話；if any如果有的話；if anything要說有什么變化的話，倒是；if possible 如果可能的話。,6. （2013重慶模擬）He has to finish the experiment today. He must be in the lab, _? A. mustnt he B. wont he C. doesnt he D. isnt he 【解析】選D?？疾榉匆庖蓡柧?。此處must表示推測，疑問部分不能用must，而應根據(jù)must后的動詞結構采用相應的動詞形式，此處為be動詞，故選D。,7. Its on the festival occasions _ the family get together _ he misses his late father Awhere; that Bwhich; when Cwhen; that Dthat； when 【解析】選C。考查強調句型和定語從句。第一空使用when引導定語從句，when在從句中作時間狀語；第二空使用that，為強調句型的結構詞。,8. Was it because of the terrible weather _ his flight was delayed? Not reallyAn old lady suffered a heart attack and they had to fly back Awhen Bwhy Chow Dthat 【解析】選D?？疾閺娬{句型。此處為強調句型的一般疑問句形式Is/Was it +被強調成分+that/who+句子的其他部分，此處被強調成分為原因狀語。,9. He should have been warned of the danger _, but he wouldnt listen to me ASo he had BSo had he CSo was he DSo he was 【解析】選D?？疾閺娬{形式。句意：他本該被提醒有危險。他的確是，但是他不愿意聽我的話。should have done 表示“過去本該做某事（但是實際未做）”。此處So +主語+be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞，表示“（主語）的確是”，表示對前面所說的情況做進一步的肯定，so意為“的確；確實”。,10._ a piece of cheese cake my mum preparedYou wont be disappointed! A. Trying B. Tried C. To try D. Try 【解析】選D。考查特殊句式。分析句子成分可知，此處為祈使句，故選D。,11. (2013貴陽模擬)Since your English is poor, why not _ an English club to improve it? A. to consider joining B. consider to join C. considering to join D. consider joining 【解析】選D?？疾楣潭ň涫健！癢hy not +動詞原形”表示提出建議，consider doing sth. 表示“考慮/打算做某事”，故選D。,12. （2013重慶模擬）_ what the six blind men said sounded! A. How foolishly B. How foolish C. What foolishly D. What foolish 【解析】選B?？疾楦袊@句。此處原句應為What the six blind men said sounded foolish. ，把此句改為感嘆句，故選B。,