人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修一 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

福州八中三江口學(xué)習(xí)部人教版必修一各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)Unit One Friendship一、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.go through 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受 get through 通過(guò)；完成；接通電話2. set down 記下，放下 3. a series of 一系列4. on purpose 有目的的5. in order to 為了6. at dusk 傍晚，黃昏時(shí)刻7. face to face 面對(duì)面8. fall in love 愛上9. join in 參加（某個(gè)活動(dòng)）；take part in 參加（活動(dòng)） join 加入（組織，團(tuán)隊(duì)，并成為其中一員）10. calm down 冷靜下來(lái)11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of對(duì)感到厭倦13. be concerned about 關(guān)心14. get on/along well with 與相處融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅長(zhǎng)于16. find it + adj. to do sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事是17. no longer / not any longer 不再18. too much 太多（后接不可數(shù)n.） much too 太(后接adj.)19. notuntil 直到 才20. its no pleasure doing sth 做 并不開心21. make sb. sth. 使某人成為make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事二、語(yǔ)法-直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)概念：直接引語(yǔ)：直接引述別人的原話。一般前后要加引號(hào)。間接引語(yǔ)：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下可構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句且不要加引號(hào)。例： Mr. Black said, “ Im busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy.變化規(guī)則（一）陳述句的變化規(guī)則直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，用連詞that（可省略）引導(dǎo)，從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)都要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。人稱的變化人稱的變化主要是要理解句子的意思例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.” He said that he liked it very much.2. He said to me, “Iv left my book in your room.” He told me that he had left his book in my room.時(shí)態(tài)的變化直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)例：“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.The boy said, “Im using a knife.” The boy said that he was using a knife. 注意：如果直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變，如：He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound.指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)thisthat these thosenowthenagobefore/earliertodaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowthe next/following daythe day after tomorrowIn two days timecomegohere therethe day before yesterdaytwo days before/earlier(二) 祈使句的變化規(guī)則如果直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并根據(jù)句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等動(dòng)詞，如果祈使句是否定句，在不定式前面還要加上not。例：The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.” The hostess asked us to sit down.He said, “Dont make so much noise, boys.” He told the boys not to make so much noise.（三）疑問(wèn)句的變化規(guī)則如果直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要把疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序，句末用句號(hào)。一般疑問(wèn)句：如果直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是say或said時(shí)，要改為 ask 或asked,原問(wèn)句變?yōu)橛蒳f/whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。例:“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says. The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.2) 特殊疑問(wèn)句：如果間接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，仍用原來(lái)的引導(dǎo)詞，但疑問(wèn)句要變?yōu)殛愂鼍?。例?“What do you want?” he asked me. He asked me what I wantedUnit two English around the world一、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. be different from 與不同 be the same as 與一樣2. one another 相互，彼此（=each other）3. official language 官方語(yǔ)言4. at the end of 在結(jié)束時(shí)5. because of 因?yàn)椋ê蠼用~或名詞性短語(yǔ)） because 因?yàn)椋ê蠼泳渥樱?. native speakers 說(shuō)母語(yǔ)的人7. be based on 根據(jù)，依據(jù)8. at present 目前；當(dāng)今9. especially 特別，尤其 specially 專門地10. make use of 利用 make the best of 充分利用11. a large number of 大量的，很多（作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)）the number of 的數(shù)量（作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)）12. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上13. believe it or not 信不信由你14. there is no such thing as 沒有這樣的事15. be expected to 被期待做某事16. play a part/role in 在起作用17. make lists of列清單18. included 包括（前面接包括的對(duì)象）Including包括（后接包括的對(duì)象）19. command sb. to do sth. 命令某人去做某事command + that 從句（從句用should+V原）20. request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事request + that 從句(從句用should+V原)二、語(yǔ)法-英語(yǔ)中的命令（command）語(yǔ)氣和請(qǐng)求(request)語(yǔ)氣命令語(yǔ)氣：表示直接命令某人做某事，語(yǔ)氣比較重，不怎么禮貌，一般用于上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)例：1. “ Look at the example”, the teacher said to us.2. Open the window!請(qǐng)求語(yǔ)氣：表示請(qǐng)求某人做某事，語(yǔ)氣比較緩和，非常禮貌例：1. “ Would you like to see my flat?” She asked. 2. Would you please open the window?Unit 3 Travel journal一、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. travel-泛指旅行journey-指長(zhǎng)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)距離的陸上旅行voyage-指長(zhǎng)距離的水上旅行，也可以指乘飛機(jī)旅行trip-常指短時(shí)間短距離的旅行tour-指周游，巡回旅游，2. prefer to 更加喜歡，寧愿 prefer A to B 比起B(yǎng)，更喜歡A prefer doing to doing 比起做，寧愿做 prefer to do rather than do 與其做, 不如3. flow through 流過(guò)，流經(jīng)4. ever since 自從5. persuade sb. to do sth. 說(shuō)服某人做某事6. be fond of 喜歡7. insist on doing 堅(jiān)持做某事 insist + that 從句（用should+ V原）8. care about 關(guān)心9. change ones mind 改變想法10. altitude 高度attitude 態(tài)度，看法11. make up ones mind to do下定決心做某事 = decide to do = make a decision to do 12. give in 讓步，屈服 give up 放棄13. be surprised to 對(duì)感到驚奇to ones surprise 令某人驚訝的是14. at last = finally = in the end 最終15. stop to do 停下來(lái)去做某事stop doing 停止做某事16. as usual 像往常一樣17. sothat 如此 以至于 So + adj + a/an + n. + that Such + a/an +adj. + n. + that 18. be familiar with 對(duì)熟悉（人作主語(yǔ)）be familiar to 為所熟悉（物作主語(yǔ)）二、語(yǔ)法:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)，表示最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常見的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)的動(dòng)詞有：come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do等.例：1. Im coming. 我就來(lái) 2. what are you doing next Sunday ? 你下個(gè)星期天做什么？ 3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River. 我聽說(shuō)你將沿湄公河旅行 4. Where are you staying at night? 你們晚上待在哪里/Unit four Earthquakes一、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. right away 立刻，馬上（= at once = in no time）2. asleep 睡著的；熟睡地（fall asleep 入睡） sleep 睡；睡眠 sleepy 犯困的3. it seems that/ as if 看來(lái)好像 ；似乎4. in ruins 成為廢墟5. the number of 的數(shù)量（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)） a number of 大量（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)）6. rescue workers 營(yíng)救人員 Come to ones rescue 營(yíng)救某人7. be trapped 被困8. how long 多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 how often 多久，指平率 how soon 還要多久（用于將來(lái)時(shí)當(dāng)中，用in+時(shí)間段回答）9. hundreds of thousands of 成千上萬(wàn)的10. dig out 挖出11. shake-泛指“動(dòng)搖，震動(dòng)”,常指左右、上下動(dòng)搖，也可以指人“震驚，顫抖” 例：1. She felt the earth shaking under him. 2. She was shaken with anger. quake- 指較強(qiáng)烈的震動(dòng)，如地震 例: The building quaked on its foundation Tremble- 指人由于寒冷、恐懼、不安等引起的身體的抖動(dòng)或聲音的顫抖 例：Suddenly I saw her lips begin to tremble and tears begin to flow down her cheeks. Shiver- 多指寒冷引起的顫抖、哆嗦 例：A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.12. rise (roserisen)- vi, 上升；升起， 無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；give rise to 引起 Raise（raisedraised）- vt, 舉起；籌集；養(yǎng)育 Arise ( arosearisen)-vt, 出現(xiàn)（常指問(wèn)題或現(xiàn)象）13. injure- 常指因意外事故造成的損傷，也可以指感情上名譽(yù)上的傷害 例：He was injured in a car accident. harm- 泛指“傷害，損害”，既可以指有生命的，也可以指無(wú)生命的 例：1. He was afraid that his fury would harm the child. 2. His business was harmed for some reason. hurt- 既可以指肉體上的傷害，也可以指精神上的傷害 例：1. She hurt her leg when she fell. 2. He felt hurt at your word. wound- 一般指槍傷、刀傷等在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受的傷 例：The bullet wounded him in the arm.14. be prepared for = make preparations for 為做準(zhǔn)備15. in ones honor 向表示敬意；為紀(jì)念 Be/ feel honored to do 做感到很榮幸16. make /give/ deliver a speech 發(fā)言 opening speech 開幕詞17. give/ provide shelter to 向提供庇護(hù)所 seek shelter from躲避18. happen to + n./ pron. 遭遇，發(fā)生happen to do sth. 偶然；碰巧happen -指偶然發(fā)生take place-指事先計(jì)劃好的事情發(fā)生二、語(yǔ)法-定語(yǔ)從句概念：在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。成分：先行詞，即被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞；關(guān)系代詞：that，which，who(賓格為whom,所有格為whose)；或者關(guān)系副詞where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞處在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間，起著連接主從句的作用。1. 關(guān)系代詞that的用法關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中既能指人，也能指物；既能做主語(yǔ)，也能做賓語(yǔ)例：1）A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物，作主語(yǔ))2）The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (指物，作賓語(yǔ))3）Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (指人，作主語(yǔ))4）The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jims sister,(指人，作賓語(yǔ))2. 關(guān)系代詞which的用法 關(guān)系代詞which在定語(yǔ)從句中只能指物，但既可以做賓語(yǔ)也能作主語(yǔ) 例：1）They planted some trees which didnt need much water. (作主語(yǔ)) 2）The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (作賓語(yǔ)) 3. 關(guān)系代詞who，whom的用法關(guān)系代詞who,whom 只能指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中分別作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ) 例：1）The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.(作主語(yǔ)) 2）The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作賓語(yǔ))、 4. 關(guān)系代詞whose在的用法 關(guān)系代詞whose為關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式，其先行詞既可以是人也可以是物，whose和它所修飾的名詞在定語(yǔ)從句中既可以做主語(yǔ)也可以做賓語(yǔ)。 例：1）This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人，作主語(yǔ)) 2） The room whose window faces south is mine. (指物，作主語(yǔ)) 3）He has written a book whose name Ive forgotten. (指物，作賓語(yǔ)) 5. 關(guān)系副詞when的用法 關(guān)系副詞when在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 例：1）Ill never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm. 2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago?6. 關(guān)系副詞where在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法 關(guān)系副詞where在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) 例：1）This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met. 2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasnt very clean.7. 關(guān)系副詞why在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法 關(guān)系副詞why在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ) 例: 1). I didnt get a pay rise, but this wasnt the reason why(= for which) I left. 2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train.Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero一、重點(diǎn)詞匯1. selfish 自私的 selfless 無(wú)私的2. devote oneself to 致力于；獻(xiàn)身于3. fight against 對(duì)抗，反對(duì) fight for 為 而戰(zhàn)4. principle 原則 principal 校長(zhǎng)；主要的5. offer guidance to 給提供指導(dǎo)6. out of work 失業(yè)7. join 加入（組織，俱樂部，成為其中一員） join in 參加（活動(dòng)） take part in 參加（活動(dòng)）8. as + adj +as one can 盡可能 = as + adj. +as possible9. as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上（=in fact）10. blow up 爆炸，炸掉11. set up 建立 ; set about 著手，開始做（ set about doing sth.） set off 出發(fā)，動(dòng)身 ; set out 開始，出發(fā)（set out to do sth.）12. be sentenced to 被判13. be equal to 與相等；勝任14. be proud of 為感到自豪15. give out 分發(fā) （give off 散發(fā)出（氣味）16. die for 為而死 die of 死于（自身原因，如疾?。?die from 死于（外在原因，如車禍）17. realize ones dream of 實(shí)現(xiàn).的夢(mèng)想18. only 位于句首時(shí)，要主謂倒裝 例：Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. Only in this way, can we protect the environment better. 二語(yǔ)法-定語(yǔ)從句 詳見第四單元11