Module 6《The Internet and Telecommunications》grammar 學(xué)案（外研版必修1）

111必修1 Module6 grammar學(xué)案-冠詞（一）考綱要求考綱規(guī)定，冠詞考查基本用法，包括定冠詞與不定冠詞，不定冠詞a與an的區(qū)別；不用冠詞的情況；習(xí)語中的冠詞；特指與泛指等。（二）命題導(dǎo)向冠詞規(guī)則的靈活運用是高考命題的一個熱點，幾乎每年高考題的單項選擇或完形填空都有涉及冠詞的題目，不定冠詞和定冠詞的一些特殊用法，習(xí)慣用法及不用冠詞的情況是高考重點考查的知識點。一、冠詞的分類： 冠詞是一種虛詞,用在名詞或名詞詞組的前面,表示名詞是特指還是泛指。冠詞可分為不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種形式。不定冠詞有 a/an定冠詞有 the其中, a 用在發(fā)音以輔音開頭的名詞之前, 而 an 則 用在發(fā)音以元音開頭的名詞之前。二、不定冠詞的用法:   1.表示某一類人或某事物中的任何一個,經(jīng)常用在第一次提到某人或某物時,用不定冠詞起介紹作用，表示一個。      1）I gave him a book yesterday.  我昨天給了他一本書。      2）I am reading an interesting story .  我在讀一本有趣的故事書。   2.表示人或事物的某一種類, 強調(diào)整體, 即以其中的一個代表一類。  1）A horse is useful to mankind.  馬對人類有用。  2）A bird can fly.  鳥會飛。  3）A steel worker makes steel.  煉鋼工人煉鋼。  3.不定冠詞用在事物的"單位"前,如時間, 速度, 價格等意義的名詞之前,表示 "每一"。  1）We often go to school two times a day.我們常常一天兩次去學(xué)校。  2） The potato is sold at about 30 fen a jin.  土豆賣三毛錢一斤。  4.不定冠詞用來指某人某物,但不具體說明任何人或任何物。  1）A boy came to see you a moment ago.  剛才有一個小孩來找你。  2）I got this tool in a shop.  我在商店買的這件工具。    5.不定冠詞用于某些詞組。  如：a few 幾個 a little 有點  1）She has a few friends in this city. 她在這個城市中有幾個朋友。  2）There is a little milk in the bottle.  瓶子里有點牛奶。  3）Only a few students are in the classroom.只有幾個學(xué)生在教室。  三、定冠詞的用法。  1.定冠詞特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以區(qū)別于同類中其他的人或事物。  The bag in the desk is mine.  桌子里的書包是我的。  It is not the car we are looking for. 這不是我們要找的車。    2.定冠詞用來指上文中已提到過的人或事物。  I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs 15 yuan.  我從新華書店買了一本書. 這本書值十五元。  3. 定冠詞用于表示世界上獨一無二的事物或用于自然界現(xiàn)象或方位名詞之前。 如：the sun，the moon，the earth， the sky，the world，the winter night  The sun is bigger than the moon.  太陽比月亮大。  I can see a bird in the sky.  我能看到天空中有一只小鳥。  4. 定冠詞與單數(shù)名詞連用,表示這一類人或物。  The dog is not too danger.  狗不太危險。  The cat is an animal.貓是一種動物。111 5. 用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或兩者之間比較及only, very, same 等形容詞前。如： the second floor, the biggest room, He is the taller of the two.他們兩個人中，他更高。This is the very book that I am looking for. 6. 與形容詞或分詞連用表示一類人或一種抽象概念。如：the poor窮人; the young 年輕人； the false 謬論；the true真理 7. 用于表示樂器的名詞前面。 如： He plays the piano. 他會彈鋼琴。 8. 用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前， 表示一家人。如：the Greens格林一家人 9. 用于逢十的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個年代。如： in the 1970s 在20世紀(jì)70年代 10. 用于有些國家和民族的形容詞之前，泛指這個國家和民族的全體人員。如： the Japanese日本人，the French法國人， the English英國人四、 不使用冠詞的情況 1. 國名，人名前通常不用定冠詞：England，Mary；2. 泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示一類人或事物時，可不用定冠詞；They are teachers. 他們是教師。3. 抽象名詞表示一般概念時，通常不加冠詞；Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母。4. 物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時，通常不加冠詞，當(dāng)表示特定的意思時，需要加定冠詞；Man cannot live without water.人離開水就無法生存。5. 在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、 假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前，不加冠詞； We go to school from Monday to Friday.我們從星期一到星期五都上課。6. 在稱呼或表示官銜，職位的名詞前不加冠詞； The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵們把這個美國人送到李將軍那里。7. 在三餐、球類運動和娛樂運動的名稱前，不加冠詞 如：have breakfast，play chess 8. 當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上名詞并用時，常省去冠詞；I can't write without pen or pencil.沒有鋼筆和鉛筆，我就寫不了字。9. 當(dāng)by 與火車等交通工具連用，表示一種方式時，中間無冠詞；by bus，by train； 10. 有些個體名詞不用冠詞；如： school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等個體名詞，直接置于介詞后，表示該名詞的深層含義； go to hospital去醫(yī)院看病 go to the hospital 去醫(yī)院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)11. 不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞； a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞 b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞 He came first in the race. c. 在固定詞組中 at (the) first,first of all,from first to last記憶口訣：一、不定冠詞口訣挑帽子-a/an用法口訣冠詞a, an兩種帽,許多名詞常需要.單詞開頭讀元音,an帽兒你可挑.輔音起首戴a帽,記住規(guī)律莫亂套.二、定冠詞用法小結(jié)口訣：1.有水無湖：海、洋、海灣、河等，都用the;單個湖不用the,(但多個湖用the);             the Red Sea,the Pacific Ocean, the Persian Gulf, the Yangtze River             The Great Lakes(五大湖）；Lake Erie(伊利湖） 2.有球無星：地球，月亮用the;行星不用the: Mars,Venus; 3.有山無峰：The Huangshan Mountains(黃山）；Mount Everest(珠穆朗瑪峰）；              Mount(or Mt.) Tai(泰山）.  4.有獨無歐（偶）：獨一無二的，the earth,the moon,the sun用the; 歐洲等七大洲不用the, 如，Europe,Africa,Asia,NorthAmerica,South America, Antarctica,Oceania5.有（足）族無球（運動）：種族用the:the Indians(印第安人)；球類運動baseball,basketball 6.有文無章：歷史性的文件用the;小說等的章節(jié)不用the 。如：The Constitution(憲法）; chapter one 7.學(xué)而不專：學(xué)校放在詞組的前面時用the;專有名詞放在詞組的前面時不用the;如：The University of Fudan; Fudan University三、 零冠詞口訣月、季、星期、節(jié)假、洲，呼語、頭銜、職務(wù)前，三餐、球類、慣用語，學(xué)科、棋類、名詞前。111典型考題：（必做題）1. My mother asked me to repeat _ telephone number _ second time so that she could write it down.A. the; a B. an; the C. an; a D. the; the2. Hey, Mr. Smith, you are wanted on _ phone.Who is calling?_ Mr. Green. I dont know who he is.A. /; AB. the; / C. the; AD. /; /3. Did you happen to see _ black and _ white cats?Are they missing? I told you to take care of them.A. the; theB. the; / C. a; /D. a; the4. Susan, _ university student from Europe, teaches me _ art in her spare time.A. an; /B. a; the C. a; / D. an; the5. He wrote _ song, which turned out to be rather popular with _ young.A. the; theB. a; / C. a; theD. the; /6. Where are you going, Mr. Johnson?I am on my way to _ hospital to see my wife, for she is seriously ill in _ hospital now.A. the; / B. /; the C. the; the D. a; /7. _ singer and _ dancer is to attend my birthday party, which will add to our pleasure.A. The; the B. The; / C. The; a D. A; a 8. _ New York Times carried an article on how to protect the mother river of China_ Yellow River.A. The; the B. The; / C. /; the D. /; /9. What did you have for _ lunch?I had _ delicious lunch at my friends house and it is really unforgettable.A. a; / B. /; a C. /; / D. /; the10. _ shortest as he is, he runs fastest in our school.A. The B. A C. / D. An11. The apple pies are so tasty. I would like to have _ third one because _ second one is rather too small.A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a12. She was caught in _ heavy rain on her way to the lonely island, which was quite _ experience.A. a; / B. /; an C. a; an D. a; a13. Last summer vacation, my parents took me to visit _ Tian An Men Square and _ Tsinghua University, and I really enjoyed myself very much.A. /; the B. /; / C. the; the D. the; /14. George W. Bush, _ President of the United States, visited China _ third time.A. a; a B. the; a C. /; a D. /; the15. People all know that it will take years of practice to gain _ skills of _ expert.A. the; an B. the; the C. the; a D. /; the16. -Did you have _ wonderful time yesterday? -Yes. I was on _ top of _ world. A. /, the, a B. a, /, the C. a, a, the D. a, the, the17. I don' t usually have _ breakfast, but I always eat _ good lunch. A. /, / B. /, a C. the, / D. /, the18. -What does "on _one handon _other" means? -What_great fun! You're asking me such a simple question. A. the, the, / B. the, the, a C. /, the, aD. /, the, /高考鏈接：（選做題）1. Alexander Gramha Bell invented _telephone in 1876. (MET1991) A./;B. aC. theD. one2.After watching _TV, she played _violin for an hour. （ MET1991 11） A./;/B. the ; theC. the; /D./;the 3. -Where's jack ?（ MET1992 36）-I think he's still in _ bed, but he might just be in _bathroom. A./; /B. the; theC. the; /D./; the 4. She is _newcomer to _chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. （NMET1994 20）A. the; theB. the ; /C. a; /D. a ; the5. Wouldn't it be _wonderful world if all nations lived in _peace with one another? （NMET1994 23） A. a; / B. the; / C. a; the D. the; the 6. .Many people agree that _knowledge of English is a must in _international trade today. （NMET 1996 13） A. a; /B. the; anC. the; theD./;the 7. Paper money was in _use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _thirteenth century. （NMET 1999 8） A. the ; /B. the; theC./; theD./; /8. It is not true in _that people in _fifties are going to university for further education . （1999.上海 6）A.90s; theirB. the 90s; /C.90s; /D. the 90s; their9. Most animals have little connection with _animals of _different kind unless they kill them for food. (NMET2000 10) A. the; aB./; aC. the ; theD./; the 10.-Have you seen _pen ? I left it here this morning. -Is it _black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7) A. a; theB. the; theC. the ; aD. a; a 參考答案： 1-5 ACACC 6-10 ABABC 11-15 CCBCA111