（江蘇專用）2019高考英語二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 四 推理判斷-細(xì)節(jié)推斷題課件.ppt

四、推理判斷細(xì)節(jié)推斷題,專題三第二節(jié)分類突破,感悟體會,名師點(diǎn)津,內(nèi)容索引,隨堂限時練,感悟體會,It was already midnight and I was walking quickly out of Recovery Room，knowing I had to be back early next morning.Though in a hurry，I noticed a lone woman with an anxious look on her face.As it turned out，her daughter-in-law had just been transferred to Intensive Care，so I decided to take her up there.Down the hall，she stated，“I bet youre trying to leave，arent you？” I confirmed her observation，adding that it was quite all right.We soon arrived，and upon talking with the patients nurse，I was able to let her in right away.She turned to me and said，“Thank you，you will be blessed.”,The next day，on my way home after my day shift，I noticed a voice mail from my sister in Rochester，which gave me an uneasy feeling.I had to pull off the road as I listened to her message：“Mom had a stroke；shes in the hospital and the Neurologist said it doesnt look good.” My mind darted back to the words I had heard the night before as I cried out with anger：“This is a blessing？”,The following day I flew up to Rochester.My brother picked me up from the airport and we soon arrived at the hospital.I walked into my moms room and she looked as if I had never seen her before.Her usual bright smile was replaced with a look of emptiness.All at once the cruel reality of the signs and symptoms of a fresh stroke were there，but I wasnt the instructor，I was just a family member. My mom seemed to recognize me，and I fought back tears as I told her how much I loved her.,Over the next five days，my mom made unexpected progress，as she began to speak a few words，slowly and almost painfully.With each milestone，it seemed the nurses and aides were almost as excited as we were.Everyone，without exception，treated my mom with kindness and passion.I think the event that will stay in my memory forever occurred on my moms fourth day.It was time to repeat the swallowing study to assess if my mom could start eating.All four of us siblings hung together in the waiting room，nervous，our eyes shifting constantly to the door of 2607，anticipating and desperately hoping for good news.,As her door opened，the therapist came out with a smile；we instantly knew she had good news，and we collectively breathed a sigh of relief.Five days after her stroke，my mom was ready for transfer to a rehabilitation facility，and I was headed back down South.With a very heavy heart，I said goodbye to my mom and the staff from the Stroke Unit. On the way back home，I had plenty of time to think about my own experiences as a Recovery Room nurse.I could envision the smiles on so many of the faces of our patients as they leave our unit.I was also reminded of the fact that we as health care givers have a certain power：we can add to the stress of a patients hospital experience，or we can be the one ray of sunshine that leaves a smile on their face.,Truly，there will always be the pain of knowing that my mom had a stroke，but my memories will always be tempered by the thoughtful care she received in the Stroke Unit.I have since reflected on the words of gratitude spoken to me a week earlier by the visitor I took to the ICU.Yes，I was blessed；it was the kind of blessing that will warm my heart forever.,語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文，作者的母親輕度中風(fēng)，作者表現(xiàn)出無助，在醫(yī)院里每個人和病人的共鳴產(chǎn)生與眾不同的效果，母親康復(fù)，作者永遠(yuǎn)記住這溫暖的祝福。,語篇解讀,1.What actually made the author uneasy? A.That she had to listen to a voice mail from her sister. B.That she didnt believe the blessing she had heard. C.That she sensed something wrong with her mom. D.That she must fly up to Rochester the next day.,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The next day，on my way home after my day shift，I noticed a voice mail from my sister in Rochester，which gave me an uneasy feeling.I had to pull off the road as I listened to her message：Mom had a stroke；shes in the hospital.”可知，是她感覺媽媽可能身體不舒服，這使她不安。故選C。,答案,解析,2.By “I wasnt the instructor，I was just a family member”，the author was trying to show . A.sympathy B.helplessness C.anger D.respect,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“All at once the cruel reality of the signs and symptoms of a fresh stroke were there，but I wasnt the instructor，I was just a family member.”可知，作者感到非常無助。故選B。,答案,解析,3.What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A.Stroke recovery usually takes five days. B.Empathy(共鳴) with patients makes a difference. C.The author has been mentally prepared. D.Her mothers case was beyond expectation.,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第三、四句“With each milestone，it seemed the nurses and aides were almost as excited as we were.Everyone，without exception，treated my mom with kindness and passion.I think the event that will stay in my memory forever occurred on my moms fourth day.”可知，和病人的共鳴會產(chǎn)生與眾不同的效果。故選B。,答案,解析,4.According to the passage，the author ended with a blessing. A.spiritual B.mixed C.disguised D.material,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Yes，I was blessed；it was the kind of blessing that will warm my heart forever.”可知，作者以一種精神上的祝福而結(jié)束。故選A。,答案,解析,名師點(diǎn)津,一、題型解讀 細(xì)節(jié)推理判斷題要求考生根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常識進(jìn)行推理判斷。考生只有正確把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，才可能作出準(zhǔn)確的推斷。題干主要包括六個動詞：infer(推斷)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出結(jié)論)和assume(假定，設(shè)想)。,該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)： 1.It can be inferred from the text that . 2.We can learn from the passage that . 3.It can be concluded from the passage that . 4.The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that .,二、解題技巧關(guān)鍵詞句細(xì)推敲 第一步：定位細(xì)節(jié)根據(jù)題干提供的信息，抓住某一段話的關(guān)鍵信息(關(guān)鍵詞語)。 第二步：揣摩細(xì)節(jié)對原文中的信息進(jìn)行分析，推理判斷，利用逆向思維和正向推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。 注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一個細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容作為推理的結(jié)論。 2.勿脫離原文而憑個人看法主觀臆斷。,例如： 感悟體會 中的3題：根據(jù)第四段第三、四句“With each milestone，it seemed the nurses and aides were almost as excited as we were.Everyone，without exception，treated my mom with kindness and passion.I think the event that will stay in my memory forever occurred on my moms fourth day.”可知，和病人的共鳴會產(chǎn)生與眾不同的效果。故選B。,隨堂限時練,A (2018山西一模) Five weeks ago I had a total hip replacement surgery(髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)).In Canada，we have great healthcare system.That means we get our new hips for free. My hip had been hurting me for years before I went to the doctor.Of course，it was free.She referred me to a surgeon，but the earliest appointment was in 10 months.That is what being free gets you.Ten months later，after some free X-rays，the surgeon told me I needed a surgery，which was about an 18-month wait，for some senior citizens had been on the operation list.Another 18 months! I dragged myself out of the surgeons office.,Walking through the hospital，I thought about the situation.As the 1breadwinner of a large family，I couldnt wait that long，so I had to get to the front line.I was fully aware of what a Canadian should be like (Canadians are usually considered gentle and caring)，but this time I really needed to fight for myself.At that very moment，in the shop window of the hospital，I saw a sign which read，“Volunteers Needed.” Suddenly，an idea occurred to meI would get the job.Fortunately，they 2signed me up immediately because the average age of the volunteers at the hospital was 75.They were desperate for some young blood.,Every Friday morning，I was at the shop.While seeing the hospital 5staff，Id 3casually ask，“What do you do？” Then Id tell them，“Well，Im getting my hip replacedin 18 months.Its going to be so great when the pain stops.” Soon，all the staff got to know me.Naturally，in my next appointment，the surgeon recognized me.Moments later，I had a surgery date just weeks away.,I had to say it was actually my volunteering that got me to the front of the line.And Im not ashamed of it，for I intend to stick with the volunteering.Also，even when I cheated the system，I did it in a way that benefits society.,語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。作者需要做髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)，在加拿大這種手術(shù)是免費(fèi)的，但是需要等待很長時間，作者不能等待那么長的時間。于是她開始做志愿者接觸醫(yī)院的人，最終外科的員工也認(rèn)識了作者，提前為她做了手術(shù)。作者認(rèn)為盡管她欺騙了制度，但是她是以一種有益于社會的方式來做的這件事，是一筆公平的交易。,語篇解讀,1.What can we infer from the second paragraph? A.She felt rather disappointed. B.She couldnt walk because of the pain. C.She was too scared to have the surgery. D.She didnt believe what the surgeon said.,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“She referred me to a surgeon，but the earliest appointment was in 10 months.”和最后兩句“Another 18 months! I dragged myself out of the surgeons office.”可知，作者要免費(fèi)做髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)需要等待很長時間，作者慢吞吞地走出外科門診。因此推斷她感到非常失望。故選A。,答案,解析,2.Why did the writer decide to be a volunteer? A.To donate blood to the hospital. B.To get her new hip free of charge. C.To receive some tiny gifts from others. D.To approach the doctor for an early surgery.,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，作者做志愿活動時，看到醫(yī)院里的職員就和他們閑談，告訴他們自己非常希望做髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)，很快，所有的員工都認(rèn)識了她，自然外科的員工也認(rèn)識了她，數(shù)周之后，她就進(jìn)行了手術(shù)。因此推斷作者做志愿者是為了接近醫(yī)生早做手術(shù)。故選D。,答案,解析,3.What did the author think of her cheating? A.It was a shame. B.It was a pride. C.It was beneficial. D.It was a fair 7deal.,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“And Im not ashamed of it，for I intend to stick with the volunteering.Also，even when I cheated the system，I did it in a way that benefits society.”可知，作者并不感到羞愧，因?yàn)榧词顾垓_了系統(tǒng)，她也是以一種有益于社會的方式來做的這件事。因此推斷作者認(rèn)為她的欺騙是一筆公平的交易。故選D。,答案,解析,4.Which can be the best title for the text? A.How I Got My New Hip B.The Doctor Who Saved My Life C.How to Be a Volunteer in Hospital D.The Problem of Canada Healthcare System,解析標(biāo)題歸納題。縱觀全文可知，作者需要做髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)，在加拿大這種手術(shù)是免費(fèi)的，但是需要等待很長時間，作者不能等待那么長的時間。于是她開始做志愿者接觸醫(yī)院的人，最終外科的員工也認(rèn)識了作者，提前為她做了手術(shù)。作者認(rèn)為盡管她欺騙了制度，但是她是以一種有益于社會的方式來做的這件事，是一筆公平的交易。因此推斷A項“我如何得到我的新髖關(guān)節(jié)的”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。,答案,解析,B (2018山東淄博一模) Recycling is essential in todays world.The most important reason for this is that human progress and industry have made it possible for people to have lots of things，and when people have many material possessions，they are bound to throw some of them away.This creates a lot of garbage which in turn destroys the environment. Recycling is a way for us to keep the world clean as 8items are broken down and used again，preventing the littering of the environment.Instead of throwing all your garbage into the trash can，,you should separate paper，metal，glass，and plastic into different containers.Compost should also be recycled as this is excellent food for farm animals and also makes for great fertilizer(肥料). You should try to buy products that have been recycled.You can see if an item has been made from recycled materials by its label; if its been recycled，it will say so.Also，instead of always buying new clothes，you can arrange to have a clothing 6swap with your friends.You bring clothes you dont want and pick items you want from what other people have brought.Not only does this save the environment，,but it also saves your pocketbook.Remember，what is one persons junk can be someone elses treasure! The saying can be applied to all sorts of things：books，CDs，furniture，etc.Also，try shopping at second-hand stores，because they often have lots of items still in good shape for you to choose. Many countries have made it easy for people to recycle，as alongside the normal garbage trucks，special garbage trucks e and pick up recyclables.However，in many countries around the world the responsibility is left up to the 4individual to recycle.Therefore，it must be made a priority(優(yōu)先考慮的事) in society so we can continue to make our environment livable.,語篇解讀,語篇解讀在當(dāng)今世界，回收是必不可少的。本文作者主要就回收提供了幾點(diǎn)建議并呼吁每個人都應(yīng)該對回收負(fù)起責(zé)任。,5.Why is more waste being made in todays world? A.People dislike the updated items. B.People own abundant belongings. C.People intend to live a simple life. D.People have made great progress in industry.,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，現(xiàn)在人們擁有豐富的物品。故選B。,答案,解析,6.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.Exchanging clothes with friends. B.Shopping at second-hand stores. C.Throwing away old clothes. D.Picking up new items.,解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“Also，instead of always buying new clothes，you can arrange to have a clothing swap with your friends.”可知，this指的是“和朋友交換衣服”。故選A。,答案,解析,7.To make the environment enjoyable，we should . A.always buy new clothes B.choose recyclable products C.go shopping at chain stores D.arrange more garbage trucks,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“You should try to buy products that have been recycled.”可知，你應(yīng)該試著去買那些已經(jīng)被回收的產(chǎn)品。故選B。,答案,解析,8.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.Governments do nothing in recycling. B.Normal vehicles can pick up recyclables. C.The individual seldom cares about recycling. D.Everyone should feel socially responsible for recycling.,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句可知，作者呼吁每個人都應(yīng)該對回收負(fù)起責(zé)任。故選D。,答案,解析,素材提煉再拓展,做完以上兩篇閱讀后，巧妙運(yùn)用語境，解決障礙詞和長難句,.障礙詞匯突破 (一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測畫線部分的意思 1.Will you expect to live along traditional lines：woman as homemaker and man as breadwinner？ _ 2.He signed up as a flight attendant with Korean Air. _ 3.Nobody can casually succeed；it es from the thorough self-control and the will. _,養(yǎng)家糊口的人,簽約,隨意地；隨便地,4.At best they only care about their lives as individual cells，but they fail to assume responsibility for the health of the larger body. _ (二)同義詞語替換 5.If you drop something into the track，please contact the station staff. _ 6.I know a sculptor who swaps her pieces for drawings by a well-known artist. _,個人的，個體的,workers,exchanges,(三)一詞多義 7.deal n.交易，買賣；協(xié)議；v.處理；對待；做生意 (1)They made a deal to sell the land to a property developer. _ (2)You should deal with him more politely. _ (3)So how do we deal with these new challenges? _ (4)The cost was simply too high，so the deal fell through. _,協(xié)議,對待,處理,交易，買賣,8.item項目，條款；物品；一則消息 (1)He opened the cardboard box and took out each item. _ (2)We went on to the next item on the agenda. _ (3)There was an item in the paper about him. _,物品,項目，條款,一則消息,.長難句理解 1.Ten months later，after some free X-rays，the surgeon told me I needed a surgery，which was about an 18-month wait，for some senior citizens had been on the operation list. 句式分析本句話的主干部分為the surgeon told me I needed a surgery。I needed a surgery為省略了that的 從句；which was about.為which引導(dǎo)的 從句；for表原因，前后構(gòu)成并列句。 精美譯文_ _,賓語,非限制性定語,十個月以后，做了免費(fèi)的X光片后，醫(yī)生告訴我我需要手術(shù)需要等18個月，因?yàn)槭中g(shù)單子已列有很多老年人。,2.The most important reason for this is that human progress and industry have made it possible for people to have lots of things，and when people have many material possessions，they are bound to throw some of them away. 句式分析本句話為并列句結(jié)構(gòu)，第一個句子是 結(jié)構(gòu)，表語為表語從句，從句中的it是，真正的賓語是 ；第二個句子也是復(fù)合句，其中when people have many material possessions為_ 從句。 精美譯文_ _,形式賓語,主系表,to have lots of things,時間,狀語,這其中最重要的原因是人類的進(jìn)步和工業(yè)使人們擁有很多東西成為可能，并且當(dāng)人們擁有很多物質(zhì)財富時，他們一定會扔掉一些。,