高中數(shù)學(xué) 第四章 函數(shù)應(yīng)用 41_1 函數(shù)與方程(一)課時(shí)作業(yè) 北師大版必修1
1函數(shù)與方程(一)時(shí)間:45分鐘滿分:80分班級(jí)_姓名_分?jǐn)?shù)_一、選擇題:(每小題5分,共5630分)1函數(shù)f(x)x34x的零點(diǎn)為()A(0,0),(2,0)B(2,0),(0,0),(2,0)C2,0,2D0,2答案:C解析:令f(x)0,得x(x2)(x2)0,解得x0或x2,故選C.2下列說法中正確的個(gè)數(shù)是()f(x)x1,x2,0的零點(diǎn)為(1,0);f(x)x1,x2,0的零點(diǎn)為1;yf(x)的零點(diǎn),即yf(x)的圖象與x軸的交點(diǎn);yf(x)的零點(diǎn),即yf(x)的圖象與x軸交點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)A1 B2C3 D4答案:B解析:根據(jù)函數(shù)零點(diǎn)的定義,f(x)x1,x2,0的零點(diǎn)為1.函數(shù)yf(x)的零點(diǎn),即yf(x)的圖象與x軸交點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)因此,只有說法正確,故選B.3若f(x),則函數(shù)yf(4x)x的零點(diǎn)是()A. BC2 D2答案:A解析:根據(jù)函數(shù)零點(diǎn)的概念,函數(shù)yf(4x)x的零點(diǎn)就是方程f(4x)x0的根,解方程f(4x)x0,即x0,得x,故選A.4若函數(shù)f(x)x2axb的兩個(gè)零點(diǎn)是2和3,則函數(shù)g(x)bx2ax1的零點(diǎn)是()A1和 B1和C.和 D和答案:B解析:函數(shù)f(x)x2axb的兩個(gè)零點(diǎn)是2和3,即,g(x)6x25x1,g(x)的零點(diǎn)為1和,故選B.5對(duì)于定義在R上的函數(shù)yf(x),若f(m)f(n)>0(m,nR,且m<n),則函數(shù)yf(x)在(m,n)內(nèi)()A只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn)B至少有一個(gè)零點(diǎn)C無零點(diǎn)D無法確定有無零點(diǎn)答案:D解析:對(duì)于條件f(m)f(n)>0(m,nR,且m<n),根據(jù)下列三種函數(shù)圖象可知D正確6函數(shù)f(x)2x2ex1的零點(diǎn)所在區(qū)間為()A(1,0) B(0,1)C(1,2) D(2,3)答案:B解析:由題意,知f(1)4<0,f(0)2<0,f(1)1>0,f(2)2e>0,f(3)4e2>0,因?yàn)閒(0)f(1)<0,所以f(x)的零點(diǎn)所在區(qū)間為(0,1),故選B.二、填空題:(每小題5分,共5315分)7函數(shù)f(x)ln x3x2的零點(diǎn)的個(gè)數(shù)是_答案:1解析:由f(x)ln x3x20,得ln x23x,設(shè)g(x)ln x,h(x)23x,圖象如圖所示,兩個(gè)函數(shù)的圖象有1個(gè)交點(diǎn),故函數(shù)f(x)ln x3x2有1個(gè)零點(diǎn)8用二分法研究函數(shù)f(x)x33x1的零點(diǎn)時(shí),第一次經(jīng)計(jì)算f(0)0,f(0.5)0,可得其中一個(gè)零點(diǎn)x0_,第二次應(yīng)計(jì)算_答案:(0,0.5)f(0.25)解析:函數(shù)f(x)x33x1連續(xù),且f(0)f(0.5)0,則在(0,0.5)上有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),第二次應(yīng)計(jì)算f()f(0.25)9三次方程x3x22x10在下列連續(xù)整數(shù)_之間有根2與11與0 0與1 1與22與3答案:解析:令f(x)x3x22x1,x210123f(x)1111729f(2)f(1)0,f(1)f(0)0,f(1)f(2)0.f(x)0在(2,1),(1,0),(1,2)內(nèi)均有根三、解答題:(共35分,111212)10求下列函數(shù)的零點(diǎn)(1)f(x)x1;(2)f(x)x2x2;(3)f(x)x3x.解:(1)由f(x)0,得x10,x1,函數(shù)f(x)x1的零點(diǎn)是x1.(2)由f(x)x2x20,得x12,x21,函數(shù)f(x)x2x2的零點(diǎn)是2,1.(3)由f(x)x3x0x(x1)(x1)x10,x21,x31.函數(shù)f(x)x3x的零點(diǎn)是0,1,1.11已知函數(shù)f(x)2ax4在2,1上存在零點(diǎn),求實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍解:f(2)4a4,f(1)2a4,f(x)在2,1上存在零點(diǎn),f(2)f(1)0,(4a4)(2a4)0,即(a1)(a2)0,a2或a1.12已知定義在R上的偶函數(shù)yf(x)在0,)上遞減,函數(shù)f(x)的一個(gè)零點(diǎn)為,求滿足f(logx)0的x的取值集合解:由題意,得f()0,f(logx)0,由單調(diào)性知logx,或logx,解得0x,或x2,x的取值集合為(0,)(2,)