年人教版八年級下冊英語短語語法總結(jié).doc

.可編輯修改，可打印別找了你想要的都有！ 精品教育資料全冊教案，試卷，教學(xué)課件，教學(xué)設(shè)計等一站式服務(wù)全力滿足教學(xué)需求，真實規(guī)劃教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)最新全面教學(xué)資源，打造完美教學(xué)模式Unit 1 What's the matter?短語lie down 躺下 see a dentist 看牙醫(yī)go to a doctor 看醫(yī)生get an X-ray 拍X片take one's temperature 量體溫all weekend 整個周末take breaks / take a break 休息without thinking twice 沒多想get off 下車take sb. to the hospital 帶某人去醫(yī)院wait for 等待to one's surprise 使.驚訝的；出乎.意料thanks to 多虧，由于in time 及時on time 按時think about 考慮have a heart problem 有心腦病right away 立即，馬上gen into 陷入；參與do the right thingfall down 摔倒，跌倒put . on sth. 把.放在某物上get hit 被打擊get sunburned 被曬傷be interested in 對.感興趣take risks/take a risk 冒險lose one's life 失去生命save one's life 挽救某人的生命beacause of 因為by oneself 獨(dú)自；單獨(dú)run out (of) 用盡；耗盡cut off 切除away from 離開，遠(yuǎn)離make a decision/make decisions 做決定be in cintrol of 掌管；管理out of control 失去控制go mountain climbing 去爬山give up 放棄give up doing 放棄做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事get into trouble 造成麻煩（煩惱）get out of 離開；從.出來have problems (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難be/get used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣于做某事use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事seem to do sth. 好像做某事keep on doing sth. 繼續(xù)或堅持做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事be in trouble 處于困境中g(shù)et into trouble 陷入困境；造成麻煩have troube (in ) doing sth. 做某事有困難詢問某人患了體積疾病或遇到了何種麻煩時What's the matter (with sb.) ?（某人）怎么了？ (必須有the) What's wrong (with sb.)?（某人）怎么了？What's the trouble (with sb.)/What's one's trouble (某人)出什么事了？What happened (to sb. )? (某人)發(fā)生什么事了？Are you OK? 你沒事吧？Is there anything wrong (with sb.)?(某人)有什么事嗎？have 的常見用法：（1） have 表示“有”時，它強(qiáng)調(diào)所屬關(guān)系，表示“某人擁有某物” He has a red bike (2) have 后面跟表示食品、飲料的名詞，意為“吃，喝”hanve an egg and some bread (3) have 后跟一日三餐，它表示“吃（早飯、午飯、晚飯）”，這個短語的中間不用冠詞 have lunch (4) have 后面跟表示動作的名詞，它沒有固定的意義，與表示動作的動詞同義 have a look 看一看 have a swim 游泳 have a rest 休息一下（5） have 后面跟表示活動的名詞，它表示“舉辦，舉行”have a sportsmeeting 舉辦運(yùn)動會 have an English class 上英語課 （6）have 還可以構(gòu)成其他的一些固定短語have a try 試一試 have a good time 玩得高興(7) have a +疾病名 患.病 其中a 不能用the 代替，也不能去掉，但翻譯時不用譯出 have a cold have a fever have a cough have a +身體部位-ache have a headache have a toothache have a stomachache have a sore +身體部位 指身體某處疼痛have a sore throat 咽喉痛have a sore back 背痛 lie lying（現(xiàn)在分詞） (vi) 躺，平躺;位于 lie - lay - lain lie down (vi) 撒謊 說謊 lie - lied - lied lie to sb. 對某人撒謊 n. 可數(shù)名詞 “謊言，假話” tell a lie/tell lies 說謊lay (vt) 平放，下蛋 laying (現(xiàn)在分詞) lay - laid-laid rest v. n. 休息have a rest =take a rest = rest thanks to 多虧，由于 （介詞短語） 通常接名詞thanks for 因.而感謝 接名詞或V-ing（1）be used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣于做某事 ，to 是介詞，后跟名詞、代詞或V-ingI am used to walking after dinner我習(xí)慣于晚飯后散步look forward to doing， pay attention to doing中 to 是介詞（2）be used to do sth. 被用來做某事Wood can be used to make paper.木材能夠被用來做紙（3）used to do sth. 過去常常做某事（暗示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不這樣了）（1）run out “用完，耗盡”指某種資源被用完或耗盡 相當(dāng)于不及物動詞，主語一般是時間、金錢、食物等無生命的東西All the money ran out (3) run out of “用完，耗盡”，相當(dāng)于不及物動詞，主語一是人，也可以是某種能消耗物品的機(jī)器等I am used to walking after dinner.(1) so that 為了，以便 =in order thatin order to do為了，以便,后接動詞原形(2) so .that. 如此.以至于. ,后跟形容詞或副詞主語+謂語+so + adj./adv. +that.(3) such.that. 如此.以至于.such(+a/an) +adj. n. +that.He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him importance n. 重要，重要性 -ance 名詞后綴important adj. unimportant adj. 不重要的 un 否定前綴die v. 死，去世 dead adj. 死的，列亡的death n. 死，死亡without 介詞with（介詞） 常見用法（1）“具有，帶有”，表示事物所具有的性質(zhì)、特征 hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的熱茶（2）“和.在一起”He is talking with a friend.(3) "使用"She cut the apple with a knife(4)"關(guān)于，對于"What's the matter with him ?(5) 表示行為方式 She likes to sleep with light on她喜歡開著燈睡覺 24-year - old “24歲的” 是一個復(fù)合形容詞，復(fù)合形容詞的特點(diǎn)：一是數(shù)詞、名詞、形容詞之間要用連字符連接，二是數(shù)詞后的名詞須用單數(shù)形式get on上車 get off 下車 后面跟較大的交通工具，如公共汽車、火車、輪船get into 上車get out of下車 后面跟小汽車、出租車taxi 、電梯happen "發(fā)生"，不能用于被動語態(tài)，且不與表示一段時間的狀語連用。(1)sth.+happened+地點(diǎn)/時間 某地/某時發(fā)生了某事An accident happened in that street.那條街上發(fā)生了一起事故The story happened in 2008.(2) sth.happened to sb. 某人出了某事（常指不好的事）A car accident happened to her this moring.(3) "碰巧"，sb. happened to do sth.It happened that She happened to meet her friend in the bookstore.It happened that I had no money with me wait (vi) for sb./sth. wait for sb/sth. to do sth. 等待某人/某物做某事（1）to one's surprise 使.驚訝的；出乎.意料，放在句首，其后用逗號隔開（2）in surprise "驚訝地；驚奇地",相當(dāng)于副詞性短語，用來修飾動詞，一般放在修飾的動詞后面He is looking at the strange animal in surprise.（3）be sruprised at “對.感到驚奇”，主語是人to one's +表示感情色彩的名詞 意為“令/使某人.的是”to one's joy令/使某人高興的是to one's disappointment令/使某人是失望的是to one's satisfaction 令/使某人滿意的是（1）in time “及時"，強(qiáng)調(diào)正好趕上事先約定的時間，沒有遲到；其后可接for 引起的介詞短語，表示”正趕上某事I am just in time for the plane.我正好趕上那個航班（2）on time ”準(zhǔn)時，按時”，指按計劃做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)不遲到不早不晚Passengers get onto the plane on time.乘客們準(zhǔn)時登機(jī)right away=at once ,right now " 立即，馬上"反身代詞短語enjoy oneselfteach oneself/learn sth. by oneself 自學(xué)help oneself to . 隨便吃（喝）hurt oneself 傷著自己by oneself 獨(dú)自；單獨(dú)cut oneself 割傷自己fall down "摔倒，跌倒"，是不及物動詞短語，其后跟賓語時須加介詞from ,此時fall down from 相當(dāng)于fall off 意為“從.上掉/摔下來”He fell down from his bike yesterday=He fell off his bike yesterday 昨天他從自行車上摔下來（1）sick 生病的，有病的feel sick 生病了be sick =be ill（2）sick “惡心的”I feel a little sick.我?guī)У接悬c(diǎn)惡心（3）sick "厭倦的" be sick of I am sick of going shopping.（1）take tisks =take a risk “冒險”the risk of .風(fēng)險（2）risk 用作動詞，“冒險”，其后可接名詞、代詞或V-ing 作賓語I'm willing to risk losing everything.我愿意冒失去一切的危險be ready to do sth. 準(zhǔn)備好做某事，愿意做某事be ready for 為.作準(zhǔn)備blood 不可數(shù)名詞 a drop of blood 一滴血 bloody adj. 有血的；出血的(1) mean “意思是；意為”其后常接名詞、V-ing 或賓語從句(2) mean “打算；意欲”mean to do sth. 打算做某事I mean to talk with him about it.(3)mean "意味著"，其后常接名詞或V-ing 作賓語mean doing My new job means working all day all night.我的新工作意味著夜以繼日地工作get out of 離開；從.出來get into 進(jìn)入tell of 敘述；描述the importance of (doing) sth. (做)某事的重要性（1）be in control of 掌管；管理You should be in control of your own life and business.你應(yīng)該掌管自己的生活和事業(yè)（2）be in the control of “受.控制；受.管理”The company is in the conrtol of the young man.這家公司在這個年輕的的管理之下（3）be out of control "失去.的控制"（1）keep on doing sth. “繼續(xù)做某事”表示動作重復(fù)多次，中間有間隔，強(qiáng)調(diào)重復(fù)性She kept on working, althouth she was tired.盡管她加強(qiáng)累了，她還繼續(xù)工作（2）keep doing sth. “繼續(xù)不停地做某事”表示動作的持續(xù)不間斷、無停頓，強(qiáng)調(diào)連續(xù)性Keepwalking until you reach the end of the road.繼續(xù)走，直到你到達(dá)路的盡頭（3）keep sb. doing sth. “使某人一直做某事”Don't keep your mother waiting.（4）keep sb. from doing sth. "阻止某人做某事"You shouldn't keep him from watching cartoons.你不該阻止他看動畫片mind “介意；在乎”，后面接名詞、V-ing 或從句作賓語，但不能跟動詞不定式give up “放棄”，其后可接名詞、代詞或V-ing作賓語，give up 是“動詞+副詞”型短語，后接代詞作賓語時，代詞放在give和up 之間 give up doing Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks短語clean up 打掃（或清除）干凈cheer up （使）變得更高興；振奮起來give out 分發(fā)；散發(fā)used to 曾經(jīng).；過去.give away 贈送；捐贈set up 建起；設(shè)立make a difference 影響；有作用come up with 想出；提出put off 推遲put up 張貼；搭建；舉起call up 打電話給（某人）；征召help out 幫助.擺脫困境care for 照顧；非常喜歡try out 參加.選拔；試用come true 實現(xiàn)run out of 用盡；耗盡 take after（外貌或行為）像fix up 修理；裝飾be similar to 與.相似be strong in 擅長work out fine 奏效be excited about 對.感到興奮、激動用法need to do sth. 需要做某事make plans to do sth.制訂計劃做某事ask sb.(not )to do sth.要求某人（不要）做某事used to do sth.過去常常做某事give up +時間+to do sth.騰出時間做某事get a feeling of 產(chǎn)生.的感覺help sb. (to )do sth.幫助某人做某事make a difference to對.產(chǎn)生影響 make it possible for sb. to do 使得做某事對某人來說成為可能hope to do sth. 希望做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事refuse to do sth. 拒絕做某事remember to do sth.記得做某事clean up ,cheer up ,give out ,put off，fix up ,work out, give away是“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，后面可跟名詞，代詞，動詞-ing,作賓語，人稱代詞作賓語時，必須放在兩詞之間（1）volunteer（vi）for "自愿做，義務(wù)做"后常跟介詞in,forThey volunteer for the work in the club.他們自愿地俱樂部里參加這項工作拓展（2）volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事He volunteered to clean up the room after the party.（3）volunter n. 志愿者 I want to be a volunteer in the city.(1)notice 可數(shù)名詞“通知，通告，布告”make some notices 制作一些布告put up a notice 張貼一張通知拓展(2) notice v. "注意到，意識到"notice sb. do /doing sth. 注意到某人做了/正在做某事Did you notice Jack come in?你注意到杰克進(jìn)來了嗎？I did't notice you carrying a box when you came in.你進(jìn)來時我沒注意到你扛著一個箱子。notice +that 注意到I noticed that he left the room.（1）(P10) used to 在此表示過去一度存在但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)消失的某一特定的情形。作這一用法講時，used to 常與be,have ,live ,stay,like,love連用，表示“曾，曾經(jīng)”We used to be very good friends when we were at school.我們上學(xué)的時候曾是十分要好的朋友拓展（2） used to 還表示“過去常?！弊瞿呈?，但現(xiàn)在不那樣做了，后接動詞原形She used to come her every week.她過去每周都到這兒來(1)care for "照顧，照料"=look after=take care of 拓展(2) care for 還可意為“非常喜歡”，通常用于否定句或疑問句中I don't care for basketball.(3)care about “關(guān)心；在意”Your father truly cares about you.(P11) how to care for animals 是“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作賓語。疑問代詞what,who ,which 和疑問副詞where,when,why,how 后面接動詞不定式構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語、表語I didn't decide where to live.The difficulty is how to do more work with less money.困難在于如何用更少的錢辦更多的事P11（1）get (vt.) "產(chǎn)生；形成"，常與feeling ,ieda搭配使用get better （2）get 系動詞 “變得，變?yōu)椤焙蠼有稳菰~such形容詞such+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞so副詞so+形容詞/副詞so +形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)so+many/much/few/little+名詞joy 不可數(shù)名詞“高興，愉快”He jumped up with joy.他高興得跳了起來owner 主人 the owner of .的主人拓展（1）own adj. “自己的”一般用于形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格之后，以加強(qiáng)語氣。I saw it with my own eyes.（2）own (vt.) "有，擁有"，相當(dāng)于haveHe owns a big house.（3）of one's own “屬于某人自己的”；（4）on one's own "單獨(dú)地，獨(dú)自地"，相當(dāng)于aloneAt last I've got a big house of my own.最終我有了一座屬于自己的大房子He wants to finish the work on his own.try out “參加.選拔；試用”，當(dāng)意為“參加.選拔”時常與介詞for連用I'm trying out a new computer.我正在試用一臺新電腦go on a +名詞 “進(jìn)行 .，舉行”a dream come true 夢想成真at the same time 同時（一定有the)raise money for “為.籌錢”拓展 raise "舉起，抬起；提高；養(yǎng)育"homeless adj. “無家可歸的”是由“名詞home+less”構(gòu)成。后綴-less表示否定意義，意為“沒在；無”“某些名詞+-less”構(gòu)成形容詞hope -hopeless 無望的use -useless 無用的stop doning sth.停止做某事指停止正在做的事情Stop to do sth.停下來去做某事指停止原來做的事情去做另外一件事They were very tired,but they didn't stop working.盡管他們很累，但他們沒有停止工作He felt very tired,so he stopped to have a cup of coffee.他感到很累，于是停下來丟喝了一杯咖啡alone adv. “單獨(dú)，獨(dú)自”拓展（1）alone adv.，還可用在名詞或代詞之后，"只有；僅僅"He alone understands me.唯有他理解我（3）alone adj. “獨(dú)自的，單獨(dú)的”在句中作表語She was alone in the dark room.（4）lonely adj. 孤獨(dú)的；寂寞的run out of 主語通常是“人”的名詞，也可用于某種能消耗物品的機(jī)器，意為“用完.”相當(dāng)use up 拓展（1）run out of 也可表示“從.跑出來"The dog ran out of the room.（2）run out 意為“用盡，耗盡”，其主語通常是被使用的事物，其后不接賓語。His water soon ran out.take after =be similar to 拓展look like “看上去像.”多指外貌you look like my brother.be like “像.”指外貌，性格What is your sister like?你妹妹的性格怎么樣？give away “贈送；捐贈”拓展fix up 還可意為“安排（會議、活動等）”I fixed up an interview with him.我安排了一次對他的采訪be similar to “與.相像、類似”拓展be similar in sth. “在某方面相似”break-broke-brokenbroken adj. “破損的；殘缺的”拓展break n. “間歇；休息時間”She's worked for 27 hors without a break.她已經(jīng)不間斷地工作了27小時。write the letter to sb.拓展(1)write a letter to sb.=writ sb. a letter "給某人寫信"I am writing a lette to my friend.=I'm writing my friend a letter=I'm writing to my friend.我正在給我的朋友寫信(2)hear from sb. “收到某人的來信”I hope to hear from you soon.thank you for (doing)sth. =thanks for (doing)sth. “因(做)某事而感謝你thanks=thank youset up “建起，設(shè)立”，其后常接表示組織、機(jī)構(gòu)、團(tuán)體等名詞如school,hospital,government,companythe disabled "殘疾人"，表示一類人，為復(fù)數(shù)概念拓展 able adj. 有能力的- disablev. 使失去能；使殘疾- disabledadj. 喪失能力的，有殘疾的make it possible for sb. to sth. "使某人做某事成為可能”make it +形容詞（for sb.）+to do sth. "使某人做某事成為.",it為形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式（短語），形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語The spaceship makes it possible to travel to the moon.宇宙飛船使去月球旅行旅行成為可能 拓展it 作形式賓語的其他常見句型還有think/find it +形容詞+to do sth. “認(rèn)為/發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事是.的”I find it diffcult to talk to you.我發(fā)現(xiàn)跟你談話很難make a difference to . （to 為介詞）拓展make no difference to “對.沒有影響” （to 為介詞）It makes no difference to me.這對我沒什么影響the blind “盲人”表示一類人deaf 聾的，表示哪只耳朵失聰要用介詞in.He is deaf in one ear.他的一只耳朵失聰了拓展 deaf前加the,表示耳朵失聰?shù)囊活惾薡ou shouldn't laugh at the deaf.你不應(yīng)該嘲笑聾人imagine vt. “想象，設(shè)想”，其后可接名詞、代詞、動詞-ing形式或賓語從句I can't imagine being a millionaire.我無法想象成為百萬富翁是什么樣子carry拿，提，扛表示攜帶、搬運(yùn)、運(yùn)載，具有負(fù)重的含義，沒有方向性Please carry this bag for me.請為我提一下這個袋子bring拿來，帶來指反人或物從別處帶到說話者所在的地方Bring the book to me .把書拿過來給我take拿走，帶走指把人或物從說話者所在的地方帶到別處Take my box to the room.把我的箱子拿到房間去get去取來，去拿來指到某地去把某人或某物帶來或拿來She has gone to get water.她去打水了a friend of mine “我的一位朋友”，是雙重所有格，相當(dāng)于one of my friends . 如果表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞，常用雙重所有格，即“of+'s所有格/名詞性物主代詞”的形式，來表示所屬關(guān)系Jhon os a friend of my father's=John is one of my father's friends.help sb. out “幫助某人擺脫困境；幫助某人解決難題”They helped us out with the clean-up.a special trained dog “一只經(jīng)過特殊訓(xùn)練的狗”，此處trained是過去分詞作定語。過去分詞作定語，在語態(tài)上，表被動；在時間上，表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，它所修飾的名詞與過去分詞存在被動關(guān)系、She is a trained nurse.她是一名受過訓(xùn)練的護(hù)士trian sb./sth. to do sth. 訓(xùn)練某人/某物做某事trian sb. in sth. 在革方面訓(xùn)練/培養(yǎng)某人We can train a horse to do farm work.我們可以訓(xùn)練馬做農(nóng)活The father trains his daughter in medicine.這位培養(yǎng)他的女兒學(xué)醫(yī)拓展（1）train （vi）“鍛煉；接受訓(xùn)練”相當(dāng)于exerciseThe boy is training for the school sports meeting.這個男孩正在為參加學(xué)校的運(yùn)動會而訓(xùn)練(2)train 可數(shù)名詞 “火車”(3)training 不可數(shù)名詞 "訓(xùn)練；培訓(xùn)”O(jiān)n the couse we received training.在課上我們接受了培訓(xùn)be excited about “對.感到興奮”拓展be excited to do sth. 對做某事感到興奮Jack was excited to travel there by plane.拓展good-goodness 善良 ill-illenss 疾病 happy-happiness幸福 sad -sadness 悲傷change one's life 改變某人的生活拓展change 可數(shù)名詞 "變化" 不可數(shù)名詞“零錢”Great changers have taken place here since 2005.自2005年以來，這兒已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大的變化Don't forget your change.不要忘記找給你的錢take an interest in 對.感興趣=be interested in ，其后可接名詞、你們，動詞-ing 作賓語be strong in 擅長.，其后可接名詞、代詞或動名-ing 形式作賓語，相當(dāng)于be good at 或do well in ,此處strong 為形容詞，意為“（能力）強(qiáng)的；擅長的”拓展（1）strong 的其他含義強(qiáng)壯的；強(qiáng)健的He exercises every day,so he is strong.（2）（東西）堅固的；結(jié)實的The runner needs a strong pair of shoes（3）強(qiáng)烈的；厲害的a strong wind 強(qiáng)風(fēng)work out fine "湊效"=work out well表示“算出”拓展(1)I believe you can work out this problem by yourself.(2)表示“制訂，擬出”The outline must be carefully worked out. 這個提綱一定要仔細(xì)擬訂(3)表示“解決（問題）”Don't worry.Things will work out 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是“was/were+過去分詞”一般現(xiàn)在時am/is /are +done一般過去時was /were+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are being+done一般將來時will be +doneam/is/are going to be+done現(xiàn)在完成時have/has been+done被動語態(tài)必有be done,時態(tài)都在be 上轉(zhuǎn)換 unit 3 Could you please clean your room?短語do the dishes 洗餐具take out the rubbish倒垃圾fold the clothes 疊衣服sweep the floor 掃地make the bed 鋪床work on 從事；創(chuàng)作 clean the living room 打掃起居室go out 出去stay out 待在外面；不在家help out 幫助做完某事in front of 在.前面come over 過來；順便來訪hang out 閑逛do chores 做家務(wù)at least 至少throw down 扔下all the time 頻繁；反復(fù)in surprise 吃驚地；驚訝地as soon as 一.就a waste of time 浪費(fèi)時間spend.on. 在.上花費(fèi)（時間或金錢）in order to 為了，目的是depend on 依靠；信賴keep it clean and tidy 保持它干凈、整潔get into 進(jìn)入take care of 照顧；處理as a result 結(jié)果fall ill 生病【用法】finish doing sth. 做完某事neither+連系動詞be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語. .也不 as. as. 與.一樣hate to do sth. 厭惡做某事let sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事spend.doing sth. 花費(fèi).做某事provide sth. for sb. 向某人提供某物learn to do sth. 學(xué)會做某事learn how to do sth. 學(xué)會怎樣做某事do one's part in (doing) 盡自己的職責(zé)做某事Could you please+動詞原形？表示請求的句子，意為“請你.好嗎”，其否定形式是Could you please+not+動詞原形？句中could 表示請求，不表示過去，只表示委婉的語氣take out the rubbish 意為“倒垃圾”，其中take out 表示“取出；拿出”out 是副詞，如果賓語是代詞，該代詞賓語只能位于take和out 之間finish “完成；做完”，其后跟名詞、代詞、動詞-ing形式作賓語any minute now “隨時；馬上；在任何時刻”，表示事情有可能在極短的時間內(nèi)發(fā)生或眼下就要發(fā)生。在為一結(jié)構(gòu)中，minute還可用second,moment,time替換make a mess 弄得一團(tuán)糟 in a mess 亂七八糟The children made a mess in the living room.孩子們反起居室弄得很亂The room was in a terrible mess.房間里臟亂不堪拓展 throw at 向.扔去（惡意，帶攻擊性）throw to 扔給.(不含惡意)throw away 扔掉；丟棄the minute (that) “一.就.”=the moment =as soon as in front of “在.前面”，是彿在一定范圍外Mary is in front of the carin the front of “在.前部”，是指在一定范圍內(nèi)Cathy is in the front of the carcome over "過來；順便來訪；拜訪"多指朋友、親戚或熟人之間的非正式的探望活動。后面加介詞to ,然后跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作賓語When did you first come over to China?all the time “一直；總是”多放于句末 拓展always 也有“一直，總是”，但它常位于系動詞be、情態(tài)動詞和助動詞之后，實義動詞之前I don't think you should always talk about your past=I don't think you should talk about yur past all the time.我覺得你不應(yīng)該是談?wù)撃銈兊倪^去as.as. 與.一樣not as/so.as. 不如.neither+連系動詞be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語 表示“.也不”。這是一個倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示前面否定的情況也同樣適合后者。neither此處用作副詞，也可用nor來替換，意為“也不”He doesn't like swimming and neithe does Tom.You can't speak Japanese and neither can I拓展（1） so+連系動詞be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語 表示“.也是”（2）neither 還可用作代詞，意為“兩者都不”，其反義詞為both,意為"兩者都不"Neither of his parents knows/hnow English.（3）neither 還可用作限定啟，意為“兩者都不（的）”，其后直接跟可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Neithesr answer is right.兩個答案都 不對。as soon as “一.就.”遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb.遞給某人某物拓展pass 還意為“走過；通過”I saw a stranger pass the shop.borrow sth. from sb. “向某人借某物” hate sb./sth. 討厭某人/某物hate to do sth./doing sth. 厭惡做某事I enjoy cooking but I hat doing the dishes.我喜歡做飯，但我不喜歡洗餐具buy sb.sth.=buy sth. for sb. "給某人買某物invite sb. to +地點(diǎn)名詞 “邀請某人到某地”拓展invite sb. to do sth. “邀請某人做某事”make sb. do sth. 讓/使某人做某事help with sth. =help (to) do sth.幫忙做某事a waste of time 浪費(fèi)時間拓展(1)waste 作為名詞，還可意為“廢物；垃圾”The waste in the sea caused the whale's death.海洋里的福分發(fā)給成本這頭鯨的死亡(2)waste 作形容詞，意為“無用的；廢棄的；丟棄的”A factory is pouring waste water into the river.(3)wast （vt.) “浪費(fèi)；濫用”waste time/money on sb./sth. 在某人/某物上浪費(fèi)時間/金錢His wife wasted much money on clothes.waste time/money (in) doing sth.浪費(fèi)時間/金錢做某事 Jack wastes a lot of time watching TV every day.There is no need for sb. to do sth.“對于某人來說，沒有必要做某事”其中need用作不可數(shù)名詞It is/was+名詞+to do sth.做某事是.句中it作形式主語，真正的主語是to do sth.provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth. 為某人提供某物a developed country 一個發(fā)達(dá)國家a developing country 一個發(fā)展中國家a life of independence 獨(dú)立的生活an independent country 一個獨(dú)立自主的國家have no idea “不知道”=don't knowtake care of “照顧；處理”=look after=care for 拓展take good care of “好好照顧.”=look after.wellas a result 結(jié)果；因此拓展as a result of 由于.;作為.結(jié)果He was late as a result of the heavy snow.fall in “生病” 此處fall用作連系動詞，其后接形容詞作表語 ill“有?。徊皇娣?，用作表語，不能作定語sick“生病的；有病的”，既可作表語又可作定語。the sick 意為“病人” 一言辨異 The man is ill/sick ,but he has to look after his sick father. depend on “依靠；信賴”，depend為不及物動詞，不能直接接賓語，需帶介詞on再接賓語拓展depend on 也有“取決于，由.決定”It depends on you.由你來決定Whether the game will be played depends on the weather.比賽是否舉行取決于天氣 unit 4 why don't you talk to you parents短語get into a fight 爭吵go to sleep 去睡覺call sb.(up) 給某人打電話talk about 談?wù)搊n the phone 在電話中have a fight 吵架look through 快速查看；瀏覽give back 歸還 be angry with sb. 生某人的氣big deal 重要的事no problem 沒問題work out 成功地發(fā)展；解決 get on with 和睦相處；關(guān)系良好feel lonely 感到孤獨(dú)communicate with sb. 與某人交流next time 下次make friends 交朋友be worried about 擔(dān)心study for a test 為考試而學(xué)習(xí) be afraid of 害怕not .anymore 不再.play sports 做體育運(yùn)動watch movies 看電影so much/many 那么多have lessons 上課do chores 做家務(wù)cut out 刪除；刪去all kinds of 各種各樣的compare.with. 把.與.比較join after-school activities 參加課外活動in one's opininon 依某人看【用法】allow sb.to do sth. 允許某人做某事why don't you do sth.你為什么不做某事呢？offer to do sth主動提出做某事mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事not .