2019電大建筑結(jié)構(gòu)期末復(fù)習(xí)參考資料必考重點(diǎn).doc

電大建筑結(jié)構(gòu)期末復(fù)習(xí)參考資料小抄一、 判斷題（）1.鋼筋混凝土構(gòu)件采用HRB335級(jí)鋼筋時(shí)，混凝土強(qiáng)度等級(jí)不宜低于C15。（）2.同截面、同材料、同縱向鋼筋的螺旋箍筋鋼筋混凝土柱的承載力比普通箍筋鋼筋混凝土柱的承載力低。（）3.在正常實(shí)用極限狀態(tài)實(shí)用設(shè)計(jì)表達(dá)式中，不需考慮結(jié)構(gòu)重要性系數(shù)。（）4.受彎構(gòu)件的斜截面承載力隨剪跨比的增大而減少。（）5.受彎構(gòu)件的配筋率是鋼筋截面面積與構(gòu)件的全截面面積之比。（） 6.計(jì)算剪跨比為集中荷載作用點(diǎn)至支座的距離a和梁有效高度h0的比值。（）7.配筋率是鋼筋截面面積與結(jié)構(gòu)的全截面面積之比。（）8.斜拉破壞多發(fā)生在剪跨比較大或腹筋配置過(guò)少時(shí)。（）9.剪壓破壞是塑性破壞，斜拉破壞和斜壓破壞是脆性破壞。（）10.小偏壓構(gòu)件中離軸力較遠(yuǎn)一側(cè)的鋼筋，破壞時(shí)，不論其受壓或受拉，其應(yīng)力一般都達(dá)不到屈服強(qiáng)度。（）11.結(jié)構(gòu)的極限狀態(tài)分成承載能力極限狀態(tài)和正常使用極限狀態(tài)。（）12.可以通過(guò)最小配筋率來(lái)防止剪壓破壞的發(fā)生。（）13.混凝土受壓區(qū)高度超過(guò)翼緣高度的為第二類T形截面。（）14.其他條件相同時(shí)，采用水泥砂漿與混合砂漿砌筑的砌體強(qiáng)度相等。（）15.在預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土構(gòu)件中，可采用高強(qiáng)度等級(jí)的鋼筋和混凝土。（）16.規(guī)范按照房屋的屋蓋和樓蓋類別和橫墻間距劃分砌體結(jié)構(gòu)的靜力計(jì)算方案。（）17.縱向框架承重有利于增加房屋橫向剛度，但主梁截面尺寸較大。（）18.彈性靜力計(jì)算方案的結(jié)構(gòu)，在水平荷載作用下，屋面結(jié)構(gòu)可看成外縱墻的不動(dòng)鉸支座。二、選擇題1.我國(guó)規(guī)范采用（A）強(qiáng)度作為混凝土各種力學(xué)指標(biāo)的代表值。 A.立方體抗壓強(qiáng)度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值 B.軸心抗壓強(qiáng)度C.軸心抗拉強(qiáng)度 D.劈拉強(qiáng)度2.對(duì)于有明顯流幅的鋼筋，其設(shè)計(jì)強(qiáng)度取值的依據(jù)一般是（C）。 A.最大應(yīng)變對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)力 B.極限抗拉強(qiáng)度C.屈服強(qiáng)度 D.比例極限3.混凝土的強(qiáng)度等級(jí)為C30，則下列說(shuō)法正確的是（A）。 A.其立方體抗壓強(qiáng)度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值達(dá)到了30N/mm2B.其軸心抗壓強(qiáng)度達(dá)到了30N/mm2C.其立方體抗壓強(qiáng)度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值達(dá)到了30N/m2D.其軸心搞拉強(qiáng)度達(dá)到了30N/m24.永久荷載效應(yīng)控制的內(nèi)力組合，其永久荷載和活荷載的分項(xiàng)系數(shù)取為（A）。 A.1.35T 1.4 B.1.2和1.4C.1.2和1.3 D.1.2和1.355.在一類環(huán)境類別下，梁的保護(hù)層的最小厚度規(guī)定為（B）。 A.不小于鋼筋直徑和20mm B. 不小于鋼筋直徑和25mm C. 不小于鋼筋直徑和30mm D. 不小于鋼筋直徑和40mm6.一類環(huán)境中，布置有單排縱向受力鋼筋的梁，其截面有效高度一般可?。˙）。 A.h-60 B.h-35 C.h-20 D.h7.受彎混凝土構(gòu)件，若其縱筋配筋率小于最小配筋率，我們一般稱之為（B）。 A.適筋梁 B.少筋梁 C.超筋梁 D.無(wú)腹筋梁8.一般受彎構(gòu)件當(dāng)V0.7bh0t時(shí)（C）。 A.可直接按最小配箍率配箍B.直接按規(guī)范構(gòu)造要求的最大箍筋間距和最小箍筋直徑配箍率C.按箍筋的最大間距和最小直徑配筋，并驗(yàn)算最小配箍率D.按計(jì)算配箍9.軸心受壓構(gòu)件的穩(wěn)定系數(shù)主要與（C）有關(guān)。 A.混凝土強(qiáng)度 B.配筋率 C.長(zhǎng)細(xì)比 D.荷載10.雙筋矩形截面梁，正截面承載力計(jì)算公式的第二個(gè)適用條件的物理意義是（C）。 A防止出現(xiàn)超筋破壞 B.防止出現(xiàn)少筋破壞C.保證受壓鋼筋達(dá)到規(guī)定的抗壓設(shè)計(jì)強(qiáng)度D.保證受拉鋼筋達(dá)到規(guī)定的抗拉設(shè)計(jì)強(qiáng)度11.混凝土規(guī)范規(guī)定，當(dāng)矩形截面偏心受壓構(gòu)件的長(zhǎng)細(xì)比l0/h(C)時(shí)，可以取=1。A.8 B.17.5 C.5 D612.對(duì)于對(duì)稱配筋的鋼筋混凝土受壓柱，大小偏壓構(gòu)件的判斷條件是（C）。 A.時(shí)，為大偏壓構(gòu)件 B.時(shí)，為大偏壓構(gòu)件C.時(shí)，為大偏壓構(gòu)件 D.時(shí)，為大偏壓構(gòu)件13.普通磚砌體結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)件截面面積A0.3時(shí)，其強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)值應(yīng)乘以調(diào)整系數(shù)（C）。 A.0.75 B.0.89 C.0.7+A D.0.914.影響磚砌體抗壓強(qiáng)度的因素有（C）。 A.砂漿的強(qiáng)度等級(jí)是影響砌體抗壓強(qiáng)度的主要因素B.砂漿的品種對(duì)砌體的抗壓強(qiáng)度沒(méi)有影響C.提高磚的厚度可以提高砌體的抗壓強(qiáng)度D.砌筑質(zhì)量好壞對(duì)砌體強(qiáng)度沒(méi)有影響15.適筋梁的破壞特征是（D）。 A.破壞前無(wú)明顯的預(yù)兆 B.受壓鋼筋先屈服，后壓區(qū)混凝土被壓碎C.是脆性破壞 D.受拉鋼筋先屈服，后壓區(qū)混凝土被壓碎16.在鋼筋混凝土雙筋梁和大偏壓構(gòu)件的正截面承載力計(jì)算中，要求受壓區(qū)高度，目的是為了（A）。 A.保證受壓鋼筋在破壞時(shí)能達(dá)到其抗壓強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)值 B.防止受壓鋼筋壓屈C.避免保護(hù)層剝落 D.保證受壓鋼筋在破壞時(shí)候能達(dá)到其極限抗壓強(qiáng)度17.條件滿足的無(wú)腹筋梁，發(fā)生斜壓、剪壓、斜拉破壞形態(tài)時(shí)，梁的斜截面抗剪承載力的大致關(guān)系是（A）。 A.斜壓破壞的承載力剪壓破壞的承載力斜拉破壞的承載力B.剪壓破壞的承載力斜壓破壞的承載力斜拉破壞的承載力C.斜拉破壞的承載力斜壓破壞的承載力剪壓破壞的承載力D.剪壓破壞的承載力斜拉破壞的承載力斜壓破壞的承載力18.在排架結(jié)構(gòu)中，上柱柱間支撐和下柱柱間支撐的設(shè)置位置合理的是（B）。 A.上柱柱間支撐設(shè)在伸縮縫區(qū)段中部的柱間B.上柱柱間支撐設(shè)在伸縮縫區(qū)段中部和兩端的柱間C.下柱柱間支撐設(shè)在伸縮縫區(qū)段兩端的柱間D.下柱柱間支撐設(shè)在伸縮縫區(qū)段中部和兩端的柱間19.（A）房屋的靜力計(jì)算時(shí)，墻、柱可作為以屋蓋（樓蓋）為不動(dòng)鉸支座的豎向構(gòu)件計(jì)算。 A.剛性方案 B.彈性方案C.剛彈性方案 D.剛性和剛彈性方案三、簡(jiǎn)答題1.試述隨著配筋率的變化，梁的正截面破壞形式的變化。答：隨著配筋率的增大，出現(xiàn)少筋適筋、超筋三種破壞形式，少筋梁的破壞特征為一旦出現(xiàn)裂縫，裂縫迅速開(kāi)展，構(gòu)件即宣告破壞；適筋梁的破壞特征為受拉鋼筋先屈服，后壓區(qū)混凝土被壓碎，為塑性破壞，破壞前有預(yù)兆；超筋梁的破壞特征為受壓區(qū)混凝土被壓碎，此時(shí)受拉鋼筋尚未達(dá)到屈服強(qiáng)度，少筋和超筋破壞均為脆性破壞。2.適筋梁從加荷開(kāi)始到構(gòu)件破壞經(jīng)歷的三個(gè)階段分別是什么？每一個(gè)階段末的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)可以作為什么驗(yàn)算的依據(jù)？答：1）第一階段一彈性階段，此階段截面的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)是抗裂驗(yàn)算的依據(jù)。2）第二階段一帶裂縫工作階段，此階段截面的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)可以作為裂縫寬度和變形驗(yàn)算的依據(jù)。3）第三階段一破壞階段，這時(shí)的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)可作為構(gòu)件承載力計(jì)算的依據(jù)。3.簡(jiǎn)述大小偏壓的破壞特征。答：大偏心受壓構(gòu)件的破壞特征為受拉鋼筋先屈服，后受壓區(qū)混凝土被壓碎和受壓鋼筋屈服，為塑性破壞，破壞前有明顯預(yù)兆，鋼筋強(qiáng)度得以充分利用；小偏壓構(gòu)件破壞特征為受壓區(qū)混凝土被壓碎，受壓鋼筋屈服，而受拉鋼筋不論受壓或受拉，均未達(dá)到屈服強(qiáng)度，為脆性破壞，受拉鋼筋強(qiáng)度得不到充分利用。4.簡(jiǎn)述梁的斜截面的三種破壞形態(tài)及其破壞條件。答：梁斜截面的三種破壞形態(tài)及其破壞條件：1)剪跨比較小時(shí)或剪跨比適中但配箍率過(guò)大時(shí)，發(fā)生斜壓破壞；2）剪跨比較大或配箍率較小時(shí)，發(fā)生斜拉破壞；3）剪跨比適中，配箍率合適時(shí)，發(fā)生剪壓破壞。5.在受彎構(gòu)件的設(shè)計(jì)中，為什么不允許出現(xiàn)少筋梁和超筋梁？答：少筋梁的破壞特征為一旦出現(xiàn)裂縫，裂縫迅速開(kāi)展，構(gòu)件即宣告破壞；超筋梁的破壞特征為受壓區(qū)混凝土被壓碎，此時(shí)受拉鋼筋尚未達(dá)到屈服強(qiáng)度；少筋和超筋破壞均為脆性破壞，破壞前沒(méi)有預(yù)兆，因此在受彎構(gòu)件的設(shè)計(jì)中不允許出現(xiàn)少筋梁和超筋梁。6.砌體房屋的靜力計(jì)算方案可劃分為哪三種？規(guī)范是如何劃分靜力計(jì)算方案的？答：按照房屋空間剛度的大小房屋的靜力計(jì)算方案可劃分為彈性方案、剛性方案和剛彈性方案。為便于應(yīng)用，規(guī)范按照屋蓋（樓蓋）的類別和橫墻的間距來(lái)劃分靜力計(jì)算方案。四計(jì)算題1.單筋矩形截面簡(jiǎn)支梁，截面尺寸bh=250500mm，采用C30砼，HRB335級(jí)縱向受力鋼筋，承受彎距設(shè)計(jì)值M=250kNm的作用，已在受拉區(qū)配置有4根直徑25mm的鋼筋（As=1964mm2），試驗(yàn)算截面安全與否。已知，min=0.2%，b=0.550，h0=465mm，。解： 1.驗(yàn)算梁是否會(huì)超筋 2.驗(yàn)算梁是否會(huì)少筋不會(huì)少筋梁3.計(jì)算梁的承載力=225.42KN-mM=250KN-m梁截面不安全。2.某軸心受壓柱，截面尺寸bh=400mm500mm,此柱承受的軸力設(shè)計(jì)值N=4000KN,計(jì)算長(zhǎng)度0=4m,采用C35砼，HRB400級(jí)縱向受力鋼筋，試校核此柱是否安全。 已知：810121.00.980.95提示：。解： 1.計(jì)算柱的長(zhǎng)細(xì)比 2.查表得柱的穩(wěn)定性系數(shù) =0.98 計(jì)算NU NU=0.90.98（16.7400500+3601964） =35.69KNN=4000KN 此柱不安全。3.某單層食堂，橫墻間距S=25m，為剛性方案，H0H，外縱墻承重且每3.3m開(kāi)間有一個(gè)2.1m的窗洞，墻高H=4.2m，墻厚370mm，砂漿采用M5。試驗(yàn)算外縱墻的高厚比是否滿足要求。=24答案：外縱墻的高厚比滿足要求。請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(_)O謝謝！2015年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過(guò)小抄Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(_)O謝謝！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that youllwait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan Hailar Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round - the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the countrys largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as its time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If itrains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulangs misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters Festival. In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentines Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their home-grown day for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the Chinese Valentines Day. More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valentines Day! in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. A large-scale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday. The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 14 other regions. It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years. AsAPECis going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history. The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent. It connected the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when he came here. We became colleagues. And there was nothing special happening during that year. He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me. But we did not know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me. There was only a glass between us. So actually we could see each other when we both look up. But it is not the main reason that really draws us close. How we become close to each other was something seems quite natural. We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while. He is a man of few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous. Then one day, to my great surprise, I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk. It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the other day, and I thought it was her who put the flower there. But the truth is not. It was the humble guy sitting in front of me. He just simply said ,”well, I caught sight of this flower and thought that its beautiful and you may like it”. I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present. Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me. I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance happened there. Then later on, there were some little surprises once in a while. Once, there was something wrong with my drawer and I had complained about it unconsciously. And he fixed it for me. Then the other day, he placed several pink diamond roses beside the flower with a piece of paper saying” I love you more than I can say! Diamond stands for marriage, rose stand for love. I hope you are mine, become my wife. You are the only girl who I really want to spend the rest of my life to stand by.” Although there were some grammar errors but I got what he meant. He meant so clear and so direct. And actually, I accepted him some days earlier. I was just waiting for him to break the ice. So finally, the common interests and the common understanding brought us together. Some people say the relationship and the feeling will change after getting hitched. You will find that love is no longer strong and there is always lack of passion and whats worse you may find out many bad habits of your partner, which never appear when you are first in love before the marriage. It seems that many faults turn up after you truly living together and see each others face the moment you open your eyes in the early morning. But after almost 4 years from now, I do not feel any negative change in our relationship. During all these years, we know each other better and we become more tolerant about each other and I realize that if you really love a person you will accept his imperfect. And what is the qualification of a good husband? Once I was chatting with my colleague about this issue. And one of the qualifications I thought was that he must be a good cook. But to my surprise, my colleague said that a good husband must be someone who makes big money. What made her think so was quite beyond me. Maybe I am not sophisticated enough and what I want is just simple life style. The most enjoyable thing is that we go to the market to buy vegetables and other daily stuffs if we both have time. Maybe he is a housebound husband and I love housebound man. And there is another reason why We love going to the market. That is because we sometimes will get some surprises. The surprise is saving little fish which are disserted by the fish mongers. Because these fish are swellfish. Then we will collect them and set them free into the river. Swellfish are lovely creature. When they look like a little submarine when they are swimming in the water and look like a meat ball when you hold them in your hand. And if they are scared, they will swell and look like a little ball. Every time we see them swim away and we feel their happiness of returning home and this also make us cherish life. Maybe some will consider these behavior as something childish. Well, that is fine with us. We love doing these together and feel happy that is what it is all about. My dear hubby is a kind hearted man and he love animals just as I do. I am lucky to have someone who can be both my intimated soul mate and my forever friend. 整理范文，僅供參考?xì)g迎您下載我們的文檔資料可以編輯修改使用致力于合同簡(jiǎn)歷、論文寫(xiě)作、PPT設(shè)計(jì)、計(jì)劃書(shū)、策劃案、學(xué)習(xí)課件、各類模板等方方面面，打造全網(wǎng)一站式需求覺(jué)得好可以點(diǎn)個(gè)贊哦如果沒(méi)有找到合適的文檔資料，可以留言告知我們哦