浙江省高中英語 Unit3 Grammar課件 新人教版必修2

The Present Perfect Passive VoiceUnit 3 GrammarUnit 3 GrammarObjectiveTo learn and use the present perfect passive voice.語法講解建議采用歸納法，如盡語法講解建議采用歸納法，如盡可能多的呈現(xiàn)一些相關(guān)例句，或可能多的呈現(xiàn)一些相關(guān)例句，或可讓學(xué)生從已學(xué)課文中找相應(yīng)例可讓學(xué)生從已學(xué)課文中找相應(yīng)例句，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生試著從所觀察到的句，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生試著從所觀察到的語言現(xiàn)象中總結(jié)出語言規(guī)則和語語言現(xiàn)象中總結(jié)出語言規(guī)則和語法規(guī)律。法規(guī)律。Look at the following sentences, paying attention to the underlined part.Over time I have been changed quite a lot.First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told! Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去去, 到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在仍有影響。到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在仍有影響。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)Understanding the structure of the present perfect passive voiceThe structure of the present perfect passive voice is: have / has + been + ed1. 主動(dòng)語態(tài)即主語為動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被主動(dòng)語態(tài)即主語為動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語態(tài)即主語為動(dòng)作的承受者。現(xiàn)在完動(dòng)語態(tài)即主語為動(dòng)作的承受者?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)同它的主動(dòng)語態(tài)一樣，成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)同它的主動(dòng)語態(tài)一樣，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，但主語為動(dòng)作的承受者，表示果，但主語為動(dòng)作的承受者，表示“已經(jīng)被已經(jīng)被”。The new school has been set up. 新學(xué)校已經(jīng)建成了。新學(xué)校已經(jīng)建成了。2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的肯定式為：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的肯定式為：have / has + been + doneThe experiment has been done successfully. 這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)做得很成功。這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)做得很成功?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定式為：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定式為：have / has + not + been + doneToms novel has not been published. 湯姆的小說還沒有被出版。湯姆的小說還沒有被出版?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問句需將現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問句需將have / has提到主語的前面。提到主語的前面。Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行車修好了嗎？他的自行車修好了嗎？現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊疑問句為：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊疑問句為：疑問詞疑問詞 + have / has + been + doneWho has been invited? 誰受到了邀請(qǐng)？誰受到了邀請(qǐng)？現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表達(dá)以下兩個(gè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表達(dá)以下兩個(gè)概念：概念：1. 說話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。說話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。2. 主語是行為動(dòng)作的承受者。主語是行為動(dòng)作的承受者。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)由have/has been+ v-ed構(gòu)成，其中構(gòu)成，其中v-ed為過去分詞，為過去分詞，表示被動(dòng)。表示被動(dòng)。I have been told about it many times.The bridge has just been built.在使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要在使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要注意以下兩點(diǎn)：注意以下兩點(diǎn)：1. 過去分詞前有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞：過去分詞前有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞： have / has和和been。2. 必須表示被動(dòng)。必須表示被動(dòng)。 注意注意:1. 副詞的位置副詞的位置often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副詞置于等副詞置于have / has和和been中中間。如間。如:誤誤 Such a man has been hardly believed.正正 Such a man has hardly been believed.2. 并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語態(tài)并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語態(tài)(1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物動(dòng)詞或詞組無被等不及物動(dòng)詞或詞組無被 動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：動(dòng)語態(tài)。如： 誤誤 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. 正正 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.(2) open, break, drop等不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)出等不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)出 者時(shí)常用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。者時(shí)常用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。3. 短語動(dòng)詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞短語動(dòng)詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞 或副詞。如：或副詞。如： The patients have been taken good care of.(1) 把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。語。(2) 把謂語變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)把謂語變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) (be + 過去分詞過去分詞) (根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的數(shù)，以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定時(shí)態(tài)來決定be的形式的形式)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法(3) 把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之之 后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。 All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all the people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory.(4) 雙賓語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)可將其中的一雙賓語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)可將其中的一 個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z， 另一個(gè)保留不動(dòng)。另一個(gè)保留不動(dòng)。主動(dòng)：主動(dòng)：I have given him the key.被動(dòng)：被動(dòng)：He has been given the key.被動(dòng)：被動(dòng)：The key has been given (to) him.(5) 帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只 能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，原來的賓補(bǔ)保留能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，原來的賓補(bǔ)保留 不動(dòng)，改稱主語補(bǔ)足語。不動(dòng)，改稱主語補(bǔ)足語。主動(dòng)：主動(dòng)：I have asked her to help you.被動(dòng)：被動(dòng)：She has been asked to help you.(1)誤誤Many new buildings been built since 1980. 正正Many new buildings have been built since 1980.分析分析: 謂語部分結(jié)構(gòu)不全謂語部分結(jié)構(gòu)不全, 時(shí)態(tài)部分不完整。時(shí)態(tài)部分不完整。試分析：試分析：(2)誤誤Something bad has been happened to him. 正正Something bad has happened to him.分析分析: 被動(dòng)語態(tài)誤用。被動(dòng)語態(tài)誤用。happen為不及物動(dòng)為不及物動(dòng)詞，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。詞，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。(3)誤誤I have introduced to Mr. Smith. 正正I have been introduced to Mr. Smith (by Mr. Wang).分析分析: introduce為及物動(dòng)詞，為及物動(dòng)詞，I是是introduce的承受者。的承受者。(4)誤誤The door has been opened of itself. 正正The door has opened of itself.分析分析: 有些動(dòng)詞如有些動(dòng)詞如open，break，drop等等既可以作及物動(dòng)詞，又可以作不及物動(dòng)既可以作及物動(dòng)詞，又可以作不及物動(dòng)詞，若不強(qiáng)調(diào)誰是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，我們?cè)~，若不強(qiáng)調(diào)誰是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，我們通常用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。通常用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。of itself意思是意思是“自動(dòng)自動(dòng)地地”，因此，此句不可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。，因此，此句不可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Review現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：have / has + been + done否定結(jié)構(gòu)：否定結(jié)構(gòu)：have / has + not + been + doneIndividual activity注注: : 另附另附 word word 文檔。文檔。點(diǎn)擊此處鏈接點(diǎn)擊此處鏈接 1. When and where to go for the on- salary holiday _ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decidedQuiz I: Multiple choice. 2. Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used 3. All the preparations for the task _ and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed 4. _ the sports meet might be put off. Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told5. I got caught in the rain and my suit _. (2007北京北京) A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined6. In recent years many football clubs _ as business to make a profit. (2008上海上海) A. have run B. have been run C. had been run D. will run7. I like these English songs and they _ many times on the radio. (2008安徽安徽) A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught8. - Why does the Lake smell terrible? - Because large quantities of water _. (2009福建福建) A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted 9. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns. (2010福建福建) A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised10. In the last few years thousands of films _ all over the word. (2011天津天津) A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced Quiz II: Turn the following into the passive voice.1. We have planted some trees around the lake.2. My father has locked the door.3. Someone has turned off the light. Some trees have been planted around the lake.The light has been turned off.The door has been locked.4. I have finished my homework.5. They have rebuilt the bridge.6. He has repaired the machine for two hours. The bridge has been rebuilt.The machine has been repaired for two hours. My homework has been finished.Quiz III: Put the Chinese into English to complete the sentences.1. You can see the house _ _ (未油漆未油漆) for years.2. How many workers _ (已派遣已派遣) to build the railway? 3. Why does Mary look so unhappy? She _ (被嘲笑被嘲笑) by her classmates. has not beenpaintedhave been senthas been laughed at4. It is said that the house _ _ (闖進(jìn)了闖進(jìn)了) by two thieves. 5. _ his views _ (受到批受到批 判判) by them? 6. The two pens _ (未被拿走未被拿走) by him. 7. This new type of computer _ _ (設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)) for teachers and students. Havebeen criticizedhave not been taken away has been designedbroken intohas been