【紅對勾 講與練】（新課標(biāo)）2021年高三英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí) 專題十一 定語從句（含解析）

專題十一定語從句高考精萃1(2014·北京卷)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me.2(2014·天津卷)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it differently.3(2014·山東卷)A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.4(2014·重慶卷)We'll reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year.5(2014·江蘇卷)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _ a good impression is a must.6(2014·浙江卷)I don't become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.7(2014·福建卷)Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.8(2014·安徽卷)The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.9(2014·湖南卷)I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.10(2014·陜西卷)Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.11(2014·四川卷)Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected.12(2014·江西卷)Among the many dangers _ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.13(2013·遼寧卷)He may win the competition, in_case he is likely to get into the national team.14(2013·新課標(biāo)全國卷)When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying.15(2013·北京卷)Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected.16(2013·天津卷)We have launched another man­made satellite, _ is announced in today's newspaper.17(2013·重慶卷)John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _ are family members.18(2013·山東卷)There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science.19(2013·山東卷)Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world.20(2013·浙江卷)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.21(2013·福建卷)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.22(2013·江蘇卷)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, _ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.23(2013·安徽卷)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _ made one of the Chinese people's long­held dreams come true.24(2013·湖南卷)Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.25(2013·四川卷)Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.26(2013·江西卷)He wrote a letter _ he explains what had happened in the accident.27(2012·課標(biāo)全國卷)That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.28(2012·安徽卷)A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.29(2012·湖南卷)Care of the soul is a gradual process in _ even the small details of life should be considered.30(2012·浙江卷)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _， for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.答案與解析1which句意：我上周從圖書館借了夏洛克·福爾摩斯這本書，這是我的同學(xué)推薦給我的。先行詞為the book Sherlock Holmes，從句中recommended后缺少賓語成分，故填關(guān)系代詞which。2which句意：英語是一種被好幾種不同的文化都使用的語言，而且每一種文化使用它的方式也不同。設(shè)空處前后兩部分之間既沒有并列連詞也沒有從屬連詞，故后面部分應(yīng)為定語從句，又因?yàn)橄刃性~是cultures且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作介詞of的賓語，所以填which。3whose句意：從國內(nèi)市場得到的利潤正在下降的公司可以去國外尋找機(jī)會(huì)。先行詞為company，將先行詞代入定語從句后為：The company's profits from home markets are declining.由此可見關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作定語，故填whose。4which/that句意：一個(gè)月以后我們將會(huì)達(dá)到年初所定的銷售目標(biāo)。在本句中，先行詞是the sales targets，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作set的賓語，所以填關(guān)系代詞which/that。設(shè)空處也可以不填，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略。5where句意：這本書對我的日常交流很有幫助，尤其是在那些必須給人留下良好印象的工作中。根據(jù)句意填關(guān)系副詞where。where 引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。6when句意：我直到五年級才真正成為一個(gè)攀登者，那時(shí)，我爬到樹上去拿一個(gè)被掛在樹枝上的風(fēng)箏。在本句中，先行詞為the fifth grade，設(shè)空處在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，故填when。7where句意：學(xué)生應(yīng)該參加社區(qū)活動(dòng)，他們從中能獲得成長經(jīng)驗(yàn)。將先行詞community activities代入定語從句后為：They can gain experience for growth from the community activities.由此可知關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。故填where。8which/that句意：安杰拉和她的家人一起在中國度過的確切年份是2008年。在本句中，先行詞是the exact year，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作spent的賓語，故填which/that。9when句意：我正期待著那一天的到來，那時(shí)我的女兒可以讀這本書并且了解我對她的感情。在本句中，先行詞為the day，關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語，故填when。10that句意：請把你擁有的關(guān)于競聘這個(gè)職位的那個(gè)候選人的所有信息發(fā)給我們。在本句中，先行詞the information被all修飾，所以只能填關(guān)系代詞that，而不填which。11which句意：到目前為止，我們已經(jīng)為那些貧窮的孩子們籌款50,000英鎊，這非常出乎我們的意料。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，所以填which。12which/that句意：在海員們不得不面對的許多危險(xiǎn)中，最大的危險(xiǎn)很可能是霧。在本句中，先行詞為dangers，將先行詞代入定語從句后為：Sailors have to face the dangers.由此可見，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作face的賓語，且指“物”，故填which/that。13which句意：他有可能贏得這次比賽，假使那樣的話，他有希望進(jìn)入國家隊(duì)。句子可改為：He may win the competition，and in that case he is likely to get into the national team.去掉并列連詞and，用which替換that后變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)非限制性定語從句。14where/in which句意：在我到達(dá)后，Bryan帶我去看了我將要住的房子。先行詞the house表示地點(diǎn)，還原到定語從句中為：I would be staying in the house.故應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞where或in which引導(dǎo)定語從句。15where/in which句意：很多國家現(xiàn)在都在建立國家公園，在那里動(dòng)植物能夠受到保護(hù)。先行詞為national parks，代入定語從句后為：In the national parks animals and plants can be protected.故使用表示地點(diǎn)的關(guān)系副詞where或in which引導(dǎo)定語從句。16which/as句意：我們又發(fā)射了一顆人造衛(wèi)星，這件事是在今天的報(bào)紙上宣布的。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為前面一句話，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，故用which/as引導(dǎo)。17whom句意：約翰邀請了大約40人參加他的婚禮，他們當(dāng)中絕大部分都是自家人。在定語從句中如果介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前，且先行詞指人時(shí)，從句中關(guān)系代詞只能使用whom。18as句意：科學(xué)往往就是這樣，它沒有一個(gè)簡單的答案?？崭裉幍囊龑?dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，并引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。19which/that句意：他最后到了一座完全與外面世界隔絕的孤島上。定語從句修飾的先行詞是island，將先行詞代入定語從句后為：The island was completely cut off from the outside world.由此可見先行詞在定語從句中作主語，且先行詞表示“物”，可以用which或that引導(dǎo)。20where/on which句意：博物館將在春天開放，屆時(shí)將有一個(gè)展覽和一個(gè)觀景平臺。參觀者可以在那個(gè)觀景臺上觀看正在建設(shè)的大溫室(玻璃暖房)。先行詞為a viewing platform，將其代入定語從句后為：Visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built on the viewing platform.由此可見關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where/on which。21whose句意：這本書從生活遭受地震影響的人們的視角講述地震的故事。將先行詞those代入定語從句后為：The lives of those were affected.由此可知先行詞在從句中和lives是所屬關(guān)系，從句中缺少定語，故填whose。22which句意：世界銀行主席說他對中國有一種情結(jié)，他記得這種情結(jié)始于他的兒童時(shí)代。先行詞是a passion for China，且在定語從句中作starting 的賓語，要用關(guān)系代詞，在非限制性定語從句中用which。23which句意：莫言被授予2012年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，這使得中國人長久以來擁有的夢想之一變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面整個(gè)主句。24who句意：幸福和成功經(jīng)常青睞那些善于發(fā)現(xiàn)自身長處的人。先行詞為those，將先行詞代入非限制性定語從句后為：Those are good at recognizing their own strengths.由此可見，先行詞在定語從句中作主語，且表示“人”，故用who。本題易誤填that。當(dāng)先行詞是指人的不定代詞，如：one，ones，anyone，those，all，nobody等時(shí)，用who不用that。25where/in which句意：現(xiàn)在人們更加關(guān)心他們居住的環(huán)境。先行詞是environment，將先行詞代入定語從句后為：They live in the environment.由此可見關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where/in which 引導(dǎo)。26where/in which句意：他寫了一封信，信中他解釋了事故中發(fā)生了什么。將先行詞letter代入定語從句后為：He explained what had happened in the accident in the letter.由此可知從句中缺少狀語，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系副詞where或in which。27which句意：那晚我工作到很晚，稍后我會(huì)告訴你更多關(guān)于那晚的事。先行詞為that evening，將先行詞代入非限制性定語從句后為：I will tell you more about that evening later. 由此可見關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作about 的賓語，且表示“物”，故用which引導(dǎo)。本題易誤填when，考生只看到先行詞為表示時(shí)間的名詞，但沒有注意到先行詞在定語從句中的功能。28as句意：正如人們所發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣，許多語言學(xué)習(xí)是在人出生后的第一年發(fā)生的，所以在那段時(shí)期父母應(yīng)該跟孩子多說話。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處所填詞為非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞為A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，且定語從句作為插入語放在了句子中，故答案為as，意為：正如。29which句意：對心靈的關(guān)愛是一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的過程，在這個(gè)過程中即使最細(xì)微的生活細(xì)節(jié)都應(yīng)該被考慮在內(nèi)?？疾椤敖樵~which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。先行詞為a gradual process，將先行詞代入定語從句后為：Even the small details of life should be considered in the gradual process.由此可見關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作介詞in的賓語，所以填which。30who句意：埃倫是一個(gè)專畫鳥類和自然風(fēng)景的畫家。由于某種原因，她遠(yuǎn)離了人類社會(huì)。此題考查非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Ellen。因?yàn)殛P(guān)系詞指人并且在從句中作主語，所以只能用who。模擬精選1(2014·沈陽質(zhì)監(jiān)一)When did you first read Mo Yan's stories?In 2005 _ I was attending high school.2(2014·山東濰坊一模)Life is like an onion, _ sometimes makes you weep when you try opening it.3(2014·江蘇蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市調(diào)研一)In the fast­moving information age，teenagers should keep pace with the media environment _ they communicate with the outside world.4(2014·陜西寶雞質(zhì)檢二)Officials of our city are considering a law _ would require pet owners to put microchips in their animals.5(2014·山東濰坊聯(lián)考)Mo Yan，most of _ novels have been adapted for films，is now a world­famous writer.6(2014·山東青島質(zhì)檢)The result was not the same as they had expected, _ was rather disappointing.7(2014·北京東城統(tǒng)一檢測)Most of my friends shop at the stores _ the goods are very cheap.8(2014·成都二診)The school library is a resource _ you can take advantage to make progress.9(2014·北京海淀期末練習(xí))This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere _ many others are short of.10(2014·福州質(zhì)量檢測)Whether you like it or not，we live in a community _ online chatting is an important part of communication.11(2014·福州畢業(yè)班質(zhì)檢)The Voice of China has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for music, _ some have stood out among them.12(2014·陜西質(zhì)量檢測一)The living standard of the people in China, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past decades.13(2014·杭州高考科目教學(xué)質(zhì)檢)Each graduate standing on the playground, _ was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.14(2014·合肥第一次質(zhì)檢)The mother thanked the young man again and again, without _ help her son would have been killed by the passing car.15(2014·浙江名校聯(lián)盟第一次聯(lián)考)My grandmother lived in a generation _ women were looked down upon.16(2014·南京一模)How do you understand life?It is a constant match _ the greatest opponent is yourself.17(2014·成都第一次診斷)American students take part in a wide variety of after­school activities _ they develop their social skills.18(2014·江西贛州十二縣重點(diǎn)中學(xué)期中)He is such a lazy man _ nobody wants to work with.19(2014·濟(jì)南高考模擬)Salina wants to find a job _ she can use what she has learned at school.20(2014·遼寧錦州期末)Drive­ins have large parking lots _ customers are served in their cars by waitresses.答案與解析1when分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，2005年是先行詞，在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖菚r(shí)間狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞when 引導(dǎo)。2which句意：生活就像一個(gè)洋蔥，當(dāng)你嘗試著剝開它時(shí)，它有時(shí)候會(huì)讓你流淚。which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾前面的先行詞an onion，在從句中做主語。3where/in which此處為定語從句，先行詞為the media environment，在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語。4that/which此處為定語從句，修飾先行詞a law; 因先行詞指物，且關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語，所以用that 或 which 引導(dǎo)該定語從句。5whose分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語從句。先行詞指人，且關(guān)系詞在從句中做novels 的定語，因此用whose 引導(dǎo)該定語從句。6which句意：結(jié)果與他們當(dāng)初預(yù)料的不一樣，這讓人覺得很失望。這里用which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系代詞which 指代空前的整句內(nèi)容并在從句中做主語。7where/in which根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為the stores, 且空處在從句中做狀語，表示地點(diǎn)，所以要用where/in which。8of which此處為“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，take advantage of 表示“利用”，根據(jù)該搭配可知，應(yīng)填of which。9that/which句意：這家餐館有一種誘人的、如家一般的氛圍，這是很多其他餐館所沒有的。這里需要用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，且指物并在從句中做賓語，因此填that 或which。10where/in which句意：不管你是否喜歡，在我們生活的這個(gè)社會(huì)，網(wǎng)上聊天是人際交流的一個(gè)重要部分?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞a community，并在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，因此用where/in which 引導(dǎo)。11where/on which句意：中國好聲音為有音樂天賦的年輕人建立了一個(gè)大舞臺。在這個(gè)舞臺上，一些人從中脫穎而出。分析句子成分可知，“_ some have stood out among them”是定語從句，修飾先行詞stage，從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where 引導(dǎo)，相當(dāng)于on which。12as句意：正如報(bào)告所顯示的，中國人民的生活水平在過去的幾十年里得到了改善。這里用as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系代詞as 指代主句的內(nèi)容并在從句中做主語。13who句意：每個(gè)畢業(yè)生都由父親或母親陪伴著站在操場上，等待校長給他們頒發(fā)文憑。這里需要用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中做主語，指人，故用who 引導(dǎo)。14whose句意：這位母親一次又一次地感謝這個(gè)年輕人，如果沒有他的幫助，她的兒子就被過往的汽車撞死了。分析句子成分可知，此處應(yīng)用whose 修飾名詞help，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。15when/in which句意：我的祖母生活在一個(gè)婦女被看不起的時(shí)代。此處用when 引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞generation, 在從句中做時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于in which。16where/in which句意：你如何理解生活？它是一場沒有盡頭的比賽，在這個(gè)比賽中最大的對手是你自己。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞是a constant match, 空處在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where 引導(dǎo)，相當(dāng)于in which。17where/in which空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞activities，且空處在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，所以用where 引導(dǎo)，相當(dāng)于in which。18as句意：他是個(gè)如此懶惰的人，以至于沒有人想和他一起工作。such.that. 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，that 只起連接作用，從句中不缺少成分。such.as. 中as 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，as 為關(guān)系代詞，在從句中做主語、賓語等。19where/in which句意：Salina 想找一份能用上她在學(xué)校學(xué)的知識的工作。空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞a job 并在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，因此該空可填in which 或 where。20where句意：“免下車”餐廳有很大的停車場，顧客可以在自己的汽車?yán)锝邮芘陶叩姆?wù)。large parking lots 是地點(diǎn)，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，所以填where。創(chuàng)新預(yù)測1With the fast development of agriculture, the people, in _ village she taught 10 years ago, have lived a happy life.2He didn't keep his word, _ made me upset.3Mr. Luke, in _ supermarket we bought an iPad last week, will give us a report on how to choose a career this evening.4Tango is a passionate dance, _ brings the dancers together in a way that words can't express.5The real­name policy for train tickets has been applied to all trains since January 1,2012 in China, _ will make it easy for people to get tickets.6Where did you see the movie Life of Pi directed by Ang Lee?It was in the cinema _ I regularly go.7What do you think of the reason _ he gave at the meeting yesterday?8London successfully held the Olympic Games opening ceremony in 2012, _ is really impressive and beyond people's imagination.9_ is shown in the report, teenager problems are often connected with family life education.10Eleven people got killed in the accident, _ the identities haven't been available.11His younger sister may already be in high school now, in _ case this picture book is too childish for her.12My daughter, _ job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home a lot.13Amanda hopes to live a simple life _ she can just enjoy her activities rather than rushing to meet the dealine.14There are a couple of art galleries in the city _ exhibitions are worth visiting.15_ is often the case, he comes to life when it comes to playing football.16Living in the mountain area has its problems, of _ obtaining water is a big one.17Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have led to changes in the law.18Few people would take an active part in a society _ culture is so different from their own.19China's population is expected to increase to about 1.5 billion in 2040, after _ it will start to decline slowly.20I have been looking forward to the day, _ I am admitted to a key university.答案與解析1whose句意：隨著農(nóng)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，在她10年前教書的村子里，人們一直過著幸福的生活。in whose villagein people's village, 關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語，所以填whose。2whichwhich 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語。3whose句意：上周我們在他的超市里購買iPad 的那個(gè)Luke 先生今天晚上要給我們作關(guān)于擇業(yè)的講座。關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語修飾supermarket，用whose。4which句意：探戈是一種熱情奔放的舞蹈，它以一種難以用語言表達(dá)的方式把跳舞者聚在一起。先行詞是dance，從句為非限制性定語從句，且關(guān)系詞作主語，用which。5which句意：從2012年1月1日以來，在中國實(shí)名制購買火車票制度已應(yīng)用到了所有的火車上，這將會(huì)讓人們買票變得容易。根據(jù)語境可知此處為非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語且指代前面整個(gè)主句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，故應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞which。6where/to which句意：你是在哪兒看的李安導(dǎo)演的電影少年派的奇幻漂流的？就是在我常去的那家電影院。定語從句中不缺主語也不缺賓語，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，要用關(guān)系副詞where 或 to which。7that/which句意：你認(rèn)為他在昨天的會(huì)上給出的那個(gè)理由怎么樣？定語從句修飾的先行詞是the reason，關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞that/which。8which句意：倫敦成功舉辦了2012年奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的開幕式，給人們留下了深刻的印象，超出了人們的想象。考查which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，which 在從句中作主語。9As句意：正如報(bào)告中所表明的那樣，青少年問題經(jīng)常和家庭生活教育有關(guān)。as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，位置比較靈活，而且可以意為“正如”。10of whom句意：在這次事故中，11人死亡，他們的身份還沒有被確定。of whom the identitieswhose identities 指“死者的身份”。11which句意：他妹妹現(xiàn)在可能已經(jīng)上高中了，這樣的話，這本圖畫書對她來說就太幼稚了。in which case.and in this/that case.。12whose句意：我的女兒總不在家，因?yàn)樗墓ぷ餍枰?jīng)常出差。關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語，所以填whose。13where句意；Amanda 希望過簡單的生活，在這樣的生活里她可以只做自己喜歡的事情不是忙著趕工期。關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故填where。14whose句意：在這座城市里有幾個(gè)美術(shù)館，其中的展品值得觀看。因?yàn)殛P(guān)系詞在從句中作定語，所以填whose。15Asas is often the case 意為“情況常常如此”，為定語從句的特殊句式，需牢記。16which先行詞為物，定語從句用介詞which 引導(dǎo)。17where先行詞為 cases，定語從句中缺狀語，故用 where 引導(dǎo)。18whosewhose 引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作定語。19which先行詞為物，定語從句用介詞which 引導(dǎo)。20when先行詞為時(shí)間名詞，定語從句中缺狀語，故用 when 引導(dǎo)。7