備戰(zhàn)2020年高考英語 考點(diǎn)一遍過 考點(diǎn)11 完成時(shí)（含解析）

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1、考點(diǎn)11 完成時(shí) 高考頻度：★★★★★ 考向一、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語 + 助動詞have(has) + 動詞過去分詞 否定句：have/has后加not, haven’t/hasn’t 一般疑問句：have/has提前 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法： （1）表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這個(gè)結(jié)果或影響，常與yet，already，just，before，lately等時(shí)間狀語連用。 —Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃過午飯了嗎？ —Yes, I have. I have just had i

2、t. 是的，我剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了。） I have already posted the photos. 我已經(jīng)寄過這些照片了。（這些照片已不在我這里了。） have(has) gone to，have(has) been to和have(has) been in的區(qū)別 1. have (has) gone to表示＂已經(jīng)去某地了＂，不能與for+一段時(shí)間連用。 She has gone to Shanghai.（她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，總之現(xiàn)在不在這里。） 2. have (has) been to表示＂曾經(jīng)去過某地＂，不能與for+一段時(shí)間連用。 She has

3、 been to Shanghai three times.（她已經(jīng)不在上海，只說明她曾經(jīng)去過。） 3. have (has) been in/at表示＂一直待在某地＂，常與時(shí)間段搭配，指待了很久。 （2）過去發(fā)生的事情，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（其謂語動詞多是延續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞）。 I haven’t seen her these days. 近來我一直沒見過他。 I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我認(rèn)識李雷已經(jīng)三年了。 They have lived here since 1996. 他們自從1996年就住在這兒。 She has taught

4、us since I came to this school. 自從我來這所學(xué)校，她就教我。 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)多與下列時(shí)間狀語連用： （1）用于＂過去發(fā)生的事，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果＂的時(shí)間狀語有： already 用于肯定句，可放在助動詞之后、過去分詞之前，也可放在句末。 yet 用在疑問句中意為＂已經(jīng)＂，用在否定句中表示＂還＂，常放在句末。 ever 意為＂曾經(jīng)＂，用于疑問句或否定句中，放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。 never 意為＂從來都沒有＂，常和before連用，多放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。 before 意為＂以前＂，指過去不確定的某個(gè)時(shí)間，總是放在句末，不受

5、句型的限制。 （2）用于＂過去發(fā)生的事，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在＂的時(shí)間狀語有： for + 時(shí)間段 for two years since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) since 2008 since then since he came here so far 目前；迄今為止 up to now=till now=by now 到現(xiàn)在為止；直到現(xiàn)在 all the time 總是；一直 recently/lately 最近 these days 近幾天 by the end of...到……末/結(jié)束 by the end of this month/year 到本月/年末 d

6、uring /over the last (past) few years 在過去的幾年中 in the last /past days/ months/ years 在過去的幾個(gè)天/月/年中 （3）在條件、時(shí)間、讓步狀語從句中，表示將來某時(shí)以前已完成的動作。 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. （4）非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。

7、 I haven’t received his letter for almost a month. （5）since與for用法比較 用法 例句 since 用來說明動作起始時(shí)間 I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這里。 My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. 我姑姑從1949年開始一直在一個(gè)小診所工作。 for 用來說明動作延續(xù)時(shí)間長度 I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我在這里住了二十多年了。 3. 現(xiàn)在

8、完成時(shí)的常用固定句型 （1）That/This/It is the first (second, third ... ) time... (that) ...句型中，從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次參觀這座城市。 It is the third time that the boy has been late. 這是這個(gè)男生第三次遲到了。 （2）＂That/This/It is the + 形容詞最高級 + 名詞 + （that）從句＂中，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 T

9、his is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好看的電影。 （3）在＂It is/has been + 一段時(shí)間 + since ... ＂句型中，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。 It has been/ It’s 5 years since we last met. 自從上一次我們見面到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是五年了。 It’s / It has been 3 months since the man died. 那人死去3個(gè)月了。 （4）一段時(shí)間+ 完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)+ since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 Two

10、years has passed since I came here. 我來這兒已經(jīng)兩年了。 誤區(qū)提醒 （1）并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 I worked here for more than twenty years. （我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作） I have worked here for many years. （現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作） （2）短暫性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別： 延續(xù)性動詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷； 短暫性動詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。 He has completed the work. （表結(jié)果）

11、 I’’ve known him since then.（表經(jīng)歷） （3）短暫性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞用于till / until從句的差異 延續(xù)性動詞用于肯定句，表示＂做……直到……＂；短暫性動詞用于否定句，表示＂到……才……＂ He didn’’t come back until ten o’’clock. 直到十點(diǎn)鐘他才回來。 He slept until ten o’’clock. 他睡到十點(diǎn)鐘。 【疑難辨析】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：yes

12、terday, last night, three weeks ago, in 2004 等。 而一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在沒有任何關(guān)系，它可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。 I have seen the film. 我看過這部電影。（我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容。） I saw the film last week.我上星期看了這部電影.（只說明上星期看了這部電影，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況） 1.（2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空）I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming h

13、ere and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years 【答案】have made 【解析】考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該定語從句中的時(shí)間狀語“over the years”可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，句意：我喜歡到這里來看看我的家人和我這些年來交到的朋友們。故填have made。 2.（2018·北京卷·單項(xiàng)填空）China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.

14、 A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown 【答案】B 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在過去的幾年里，中國的高速鐵路已經(jīng)從9,000公里增長到25,000公里。該句時(shí)間狀語為in the past few years。中國高速鐵路的增長是從過去一直到現(xiàn)在幾年里的情況，故該句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。B選項(xiàng)正確。 3. In the last few years, China __________ great achievements in environmental protection. A. h

15、as made B. had made C. was making D.is making 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在過去的這些年里，中國在環(huán)境保護(hù)中取得了很大的成就。由時(shí)間狀語in the last few years可推知?jiǎng)幼鲝倪^去一段時(shí)間持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并對現(xiàn)在造成影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選A。 考向二、 過去完成時(shí) 1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 肯定句：主語 + had + 過去分詞 + 其他. 否定句：主語 + had + not + 過去分詞 + 其他. 一般疑問句：Had + 主語 + 過去分詞 + 其他? 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組 + 一般疑問句（Had

16、+ 主語 + 過去分詞 + 其他）？ 2. 基本用法 （1）表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動作以前完成了的動作，也可以說過去的時(shí)間關(guān)于過去的動作。即＂過去的過去＂?？梢杂胋y，before等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句(在復(fù)合句中，由時(shí)間連接詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句叫做時(shí)間狀語從句)來表示，也可以用一個(gè)表示過去的動作來表示，還可能通過上下文來表示。 　　By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200 張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。 （2）表示由過去的某一時(shí)刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動

17、作或狀態(tài)，常和for，since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語連用。 　　I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 當(dāng)車來的時(shí)候，我在車站已經(jīng)等了20分鐘。 　　He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。 （3）敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過去發(fā)生的事情后，反過來追述或補(bǔ)述以前發(fā)生的動作時(shí)，常使用過去完成時(shí)。 Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend

18、 of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好朋友。 　　I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我對動詞一無所知，因?yàn)槲覜]有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。 （4）在含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過去的事，先發(fā)生的動作常用過去完成時(shí)。 I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已歸還了我借的書。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丟失的鑰匙找到了。 （5）過去完成時(shí)常常用在told，said，k

19、new，heard，thought等動詞后的賓語從句（或間接引語）中，這時(shí)從句中的動作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動作之前。 He said that he had known her well. 他說他很熟悉她。 　　I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6）狀語從句：在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動作中，發(fā)生在前，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。 　　如when，before，after，as soon as，till/until引導(dǎo)的從句。 When I woke up, it had alr

20、eady stopped raining. 我醒來時(shí)雨已停了。 She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺。 　　注意：如果兩個(gè)動作緊接著發(fā)生，則常常不用過去完成時(shí)，特別是在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中，因?yàn)檫@時(shí)從句的動作和主句的動作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，這時(shí)可以用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)。 After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 馬克思到達(dá)英格蘭之后，努力提高他的英語水平。 （7

21、）動詞think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用過去完成時(shí)來表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、希望、打算或意圖等。 　　They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他們本來打算去幫忙，但沒有及時(shí)趕到那里。 　　We had hoped to be able to come and see you. 我們本來希望能來看看你。 （8）過去完成時(shí)還可用在hardly...when...，no sooner... than...，It was the first (second, etc) time (that

22、)...等固定句型中。 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他剛開始演講，聽眾就打斷了他。 　　No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他剛到就又走了。 　　It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。 3. 過去完成時(shí)的語法判定 （1）由時(shí)間狀語來判定 一般說來，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語。與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有： ①

23、by + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn) 　　I had finished reading the novel by nine o’clock last night. ②by the end of + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn) 　　We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. ③before + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn) 　　They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. （2）由＂過去的過去＂來判定 過去完成時(shí)表示＂過去的過去＂，是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)

24、生或完成的動作，即動作有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的用過去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在： ①賓語從句中 當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。如told，said，knew，heard，thought等動詞后的賓語從句。 　　She said that she had seen the film before. 　?、跔钫Z從句中 在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的，要用過去完成時(shí)，動作在后的要用一般過去時(shí)。 　　After he had finished his homework, he

25、went to bed. 注意：before，after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時(shí)。 　　After he closed the door, he left the classroom. 　?、郾硎疽庀虻膭釉~，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示＂原本……，未能……＂。 　　We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t. （3）根據(jù)上、下

26、文來判定 　　I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn’t seen each other since he went to Beijing. 【巧學(xué)妙記】 過去完成時(shí)記憶口訣 Had 加上＂過去分＂，構(gòu)成過去完成時(shí)。 過去完成的意義，也表＂完成＂或＂延續(xù)＂。 若有主、從兩個(gè)句，先后動作分別敘。 哪個(gè)在先哪＂完成＂，哪個(gè)在后哪＂過去＂。 1.（2019·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空）I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I

27、couldn't manage it. A. had hoped B. am hoping C. have hoped D. would hope 【答案】A 【解析】考查過去完成時(shí)。句意：我本來計(jì)劃在Peter結(jié)婚時(shí)送他一個(gè)禮物的，可是我沒有做到。第二個(gè)分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般過去時(shí)，它之前的動作用過去完成時(shí)。故選A。 2. （2018·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空） If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach A. had caught B

28、. caught C. have caught D. would catch 【答案】A 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果我們昨天趕上飛機(jī)的話，現(xiàn)在我們正在海灘享受我們的假日了。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語yesterday可知，從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反，故用had + v-ed。故選A。 3.（2017·北京卷·單項(xiàng)填空）In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet. A. haven’t invented B. haven’

29、t been invented C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在美國20世紀(jì)50年代的時(shí)候，大多數(shù)的家庭家里只有一部電話，并且無線電話還根本沒有發(fā)明出來。根據(jù)句意可知用被動語態(tài)，排除A和C，事情發(fā)生在過去，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，排除B，故選D，過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。 考向三、將來完成時(shí) 1. 將來完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：＂will/shall + have + 過去分詞＂。 Hopefully after three years at university I will have mat

30、ured. 希望3年大學(xué)生活之后我能變成熟。 Only five short years later, your money will have grown by $94,000. 僅短短 5 年時(shí)間后，你的錢就會增多 94,000 美元。 He will have been heartened by the telephone opinion poll published yesterday. 他會為昨天公布的電話民意調(diào)查結(jié)果感到鼓舞。 2. 將來完成的用法 （1）表示＂將來完成＂：即表示到將來某個(gè)時(shí)間為止勢必會完成或預(yù)計(jì)要完成的動作。 When we get there, she

31、’ll have gone to work. 我們到那里時(shí)她會已經(jīng)上班去了。 I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow. 我預(yù)料到明天你就會改變主意了。 （2）表示＂持續(xù)＂：即表示某種狀況將一直持續(xù)到說話人所提及的某一將來時(shí)間。 We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到6月25日我們倆就結(jié)婚滿1年了。 By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years. 到下星期

32、此刻，我就已經(jīng)為該公司工作24年了。 （3）表示＂推測：即表示根據(jù)某情況作出的推測。 That will have been Roland. He said he’d be back at 7. 準(zhǔn)是羅蘭。他說他7點(diǎn)鐘回來。 There will have been a definite result before Friday. 星期五以前肯定會有結(jié)果。 1.（2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空）They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.

33、A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed 【答案】B 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：他們正努力確保在2022年北京冬奧會之前安裝5G終端。表示在將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動作，用將來完成時(shí)?！?G終端”和“安裝”之間是被動關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)，故選B。 2.It’s reported that by the end of the month, the output of cement in the factory___________by about

34、 10%. A. will have risen B. will be rising C. has risen D. has been rising 【答案】A 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。由時(shí)間狀語"by the end of the month"可知此處表示在將來某時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動作，因此用將來完成時(shí)。 3.You needn’t hurry her. It___________by her by the time you are ready. A.will have been finishing B.has finished C.will hav

35、e been finished D.will be finished 【答案】C 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。"by the time you are ready"表示將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間，此處表示將來完成的動作，故應(yīng)使用將來完成時(shí)，根據(jù)句意，事情應(yīng)該被完成，所以C項(xiàng)正確。 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 單項(xiàng)填空 1. I ____________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will

36、read 2. Silk __________ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. A. had become B. was becoming C. has become D.is becoming 3. —Did you have difficulty finding Ann' house? —Not really. She________ us clear directions and we were able to find

37、 it easily? A. was to give B. had given C. was giving D. would give 4. Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I ________ my bank in the cafe. A. have left B. had left C. would leave D. was leaving 5. The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ________ th

38、em since. A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen 6. When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I ________my mind. A. have changed B. change C. had changed D. would change 7. Alan Greenspan, once reported as a financial god, had to admit that he ____

39、________ some serious mistakes. A. made B. had made C. has been making D. has made 8. James left his hometown when he was 16, and he ____________ back there since. A. wouldn’t be B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. won’t be 9. On the morning of October 12, 1492, Christ

40、opher Columbus and his crew came to the shores of the Caribbean islands, mistakenly believing they ____________ in Southeast Asia. A. arrived B. had arrived C. has arrived D. would arrive 10. Since late 2013 when the Chinese government relaxed the family planning policy, only 1.5 m

41、illion couples ____________ to have a second child. A. applied B. had applied C. would apply D. have applied 題組二 能力提升 閱讀下面材料，在空格處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號中單詞的正確形式 Is there such a thing as being ＂over-protective＂? I can honestly say that my answer to that question 1 (change) dramatically（

42、戲劇性地）since I became a parent. Before the birth of my daughter, I taught at 2 private school, often viewing my students as over-protected, worrying 3 would happen when they went on to middle schools. Some did fine, and some did not. Some needed constant pats on the back, words of 4 (enc

43、ourage) and extra support, which I 5 (happy) gave. Others were content on their own, needing little or no interaction（互動）with their teacher. 6 for the most part, graduates would go on for higher schooling. I’d always supposed their parents were over-protective, for they were the ones that s

44、till walked their 7 (five) graders into the classroom and met them at the school gate. Admittedly, I laughed at those parents, 8 (think) their children would never learn to be 9 (independence) if they didn’t let go just a little. Then I had my own daughter. The moment I looked at her li

45、ttle face, I 10 (know) I’d do everything in my power to protect her and make sure she always felt safe! 題組三 體驗(yàn)真題 1.（2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空）The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months. A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give 2.（2018·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空） I?

46、was?sent?to?the?village?last?month?to?see?how?the?development?plan?_______ in?the?past two years. A. had?been?carried?out B. would be carried out C. is?being?carried?out D. has been carried out 3. （2018·北京卷·單項(xiàng)填空）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in t

47、he mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 4.(2018·新課標(biāo)卷I·語法填空) Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. 5. (2018·浙江卷·語法填空) While regularly e

48、ating out seems to 61 (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. 6.（2017·新課標(biāo)II卷改編）Around 100 people _________（put down） a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition

49、to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. 7.（2017·新課標(biāo)II卷改編）It _________(white-paint)tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. 8. （2017·新課標(biāo)III卷改編）The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University _________(turn) an electric car into a mobile

50、 laboratory named ＂DriveLAB＂ in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. 9.(2016·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空) When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _____ for years. A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen

51、 D. wouldn’t see 10.（2018·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空） Hopefully?in?2025?we?will?no?longer?be?e-mailing?each?other, for?we _______ more convenient electronic communication?tools?by?then. A. have developed B. had?developed C. will?have?developed D. developed 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 單項(xiàng)填空 1.B 【解析】句意：

52、我已經(jīng)看完了這本英文小說的一半，周末會盡力把另一半看完。強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。＂看小說＂這一動作發(fā)生在過去，到目前為止看了一半，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，選B。 2.A 【解析】句意：到公元前100年為止，絲綢已經(jīng)成為絲綢之路上交易的主要商品之一。題干中時(shí)間狀語是by+過去時(shí)間，謂語用過去完成時(shí)。故選A。 3.B【解析】句意：——你覺得找到安娜家的位置困難么?——不會。她告訴我們很清晰的方向，并且我們很容易就找到了。根據(jù)題干可知，安娜告訴他們方向發(fā)生在他們找到她家之前，因此，發(fā)生在過去動作之前的動作要用過去完成時(shí)。故選B。 4.B 【解析】句意：我剛一到學(xué)校門口，就意

53、識到我把書落在餐館了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，realized后省略了that，這里是一個(gè)賓語從句，從句時(shí)態(tài)與主句保持一致，“落下”的動作發(fā)生在“意識到”之前，應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)，故選B。 5.C 【解析】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：那些報(bào)告于2012年丟失了，從那以后沒有人見過它們。此題解題的關(guān)鍵詞是后面的since，此處意為：從那以后。這是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志。故選C。 6.A 【解析】本題考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。題干中的but提示：“我”第一次見到布萊恩的時(shí)候不喜歡他，但現(xiàn)在喜歡他。故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，選A。句意：當(dāng)我第一次見布萊恩的時(shí)候我不喜歡他，但我改變想法了。 7. B 【解析】句意：曾經(jīng)被報(bào)道為金融

54、之神的艾倫·格林斯潘不得不承認(rèn)他之前也犯過一些嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。該空動作發(fā)生在主句動作＂had to admit＂之前，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故選B項(xiàng)。 8. B 【解析】句意：詹姆斯在16歲時(shí)離開了家鄉(xiāng)，自從那時(shí)他就沒有回來過。A. wouldn’t be 過去將來時(shí)；B. hasn’t been現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；C. hadn’t been 過去完成時(shí)；D. won’t be 一般將來時(shí)。since是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志。故選B。 9. B 【解析】考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在1492年10月12的早上，克里斯多弗﹒哥倫布和他的船員來到加勒比海岸，誤認(rèn)為他們已經(jīng)到達(dá)了東南亞。強(qiáng)調(diào)到達(dá)的動作的完成所產(chǎn)生的影響

55、或結(jié)果＂mistakenly believing（誤認(rèn)為）＂，且arrive發(fā)生在過去的過去，要用過去完成時(shí)，故選B。 10. D 【解析】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。自從2013年底中國政府放松了計(jì)劃生育政策，只有150萬夫婦已經(jīng)申請了二孩。since自從……以來，主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，故選D。 題組二 能力提升 【文章大意】作者一直都認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在很多孩子都被父母過度保護(hù)，但是在自己的女兒出生以后，他的觀點(diǎn)發(fā)生了變化，他愿意做一切自己能做的來保護(hù)孩子。 1.has changed 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。本句的時(shí)間狀語since I became a parent，而since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，主語應(yīng)該使

56、用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填has changed。 2. a 【解析】考查冠詞。句意：在女兒出生之前，我在一所私立學(xué)校教書。本句中名詞school（學(xué)校）是一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞，前面加a表示泛指。 3. what 【解析】考查賓語從句。本句中what引導(dǎo)賓語從句＂what would happen＂作動詞worry的賓語，并在句中作主語。 4. encouragement 【解析】考查名詞。橫線前面有介詞of，說明橫線上應(yīng)該使用名詞作賓語，動詞encourage的名詞是encouragement。 5. happily 【解析】考查副詞。在英語中副詞通常作狀語修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞，形

57、容詞通常作定語或表語修飾名詞。本句中使用副詞happily作狀語修飾動詞give。 6. But 【解析】考查連詞。雖然有人需要鼓勵(lì)，有人不需要鼓勵(lì)，但是大部分人都要進(jìn)入更高一級的學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。上下文之間表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，使用but連接上下文。 7. fifth 【解析】考查序數(shù)詞。本句中the fifth graders指五年級的學(xué)生。很多父母親還陪著五年級的學(xué)生上學(xué)。 8. thinking 【解析】考查分詞作狀語。本句中動詞think與句子主語I之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語。句意：我嘲笑那些父母親，認(rèn)為他們的孩子永遠(yuǎn)都無法學(xué)會獨(dú)立。 9. independe

58、nt 【解析】考查形容詞。本句中形容詞independent與be連用構(gòu)成不定式作動詞learn的賓語。句意：我嘲笑那些父母親，認(rèn)為他們的孩子永遠(yuǎn)都無法學(xué)會獨(dú)立。 10. knew 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。本句的時(shí)間狀語是the moment I looked at her little face，敘述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，所以主句中使用一般過時(shí)。 題組三 體驗(yàn)真題 1.B 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與主謂一致。句意：在過去的三個(gè)月里，這名音樂家與他的樂隊(duì)成員已經(jīng)完成了十場演出。由“in the last three months”可知，這句話的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故排除AD選項(xiàng)。本句主語為

59、the musician，為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選B。 2.A 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：上個(gè)月我被派到村里去看看在過去的兩年里發(fā)展計(jì)劃是如何執(zhí)行的。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語last month和in the past two years可知用過去完成時(shí)。故選A。 3. D 【解析】考查語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：一個(gè)救援人員冒著生命危險(xiǎn)挽救了兩個(gè)被困在山里兩天的旅游者?！皐ho ___ in the mountains for two days”是定語從句，修飾two tourists，two t

60、ourists和trap之間是被動關(guān)系，該空應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。由risked可知，營救人員救游客是過去的事情，被困兩天發(fā)生在營救人員救了他們之前，即“過去的過去”，該空應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。綜上，D選項(xiàng)正確。 4.has grown 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。since加時(shí)間點(diǎn)，主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：2011年以來，中國種植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。 5. have become 【解析】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in recent years可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，seems to后用動詞原形，故填have become。 6.have already put down 【解析】此處

61、表示動作到現(xiàn)在已完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 7. had white-painted 【解析】此處表示動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，故用過去完成時(shí)。 8.have turned 【解析】此處表示動作到現(xiàn)在已完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 9.C 【解析】句意：當(dāng)沿著街道散步的時(shí)候，我遇見了多年未見的David。根據(jù)語境，“not see”這個(gè)動作發(fā)生在come across之前，是過去的過去發(fā)生的動作，用過去完成時(shí)。故選C。 10.C 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：希望在2025年，我們不再互相發(fā)電子郵件，因?yàn)榈侥菚r(shí)候我們將開發(fā)更方便的電子通信工具。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in 2025，可知用將來時(shí)；再根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語by then到那時(shí)，可知用完成時(shí)。結(jié)合兩者可知用將來完成時(shí)。故選C。 16