七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)Module4 Section 1 Background Readings教案 外研社

七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)Module4 Section 1 Background Readings教案 外研社1. have got 用法一覽表句型例句have gotI think I have got one（B3，L1）解析（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)have got在口語(yǔ)中相當(dāng)于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)have的意義，表示“有”。不過(guò)，在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中常用have，而在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中則常用have got。他有一個(gè)兄弟。He has got a brother（英式）He has a brother（美式）這兩種表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)在問(wèn)句方式上略有不同，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)只有一種疑問(wèn)方式，即：HaveHasgot？而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種疑問(wèn)方式，即：DoDoeshave？或Have Has？你有一把雨傘嗎？Have you got an umbrella？Do you have an umbrella？Have you an umbrella？注意這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)疑問(wèn)句的回答略有不同。Have you got a dictionary？Yes，I haveNo，I haven'tDo you have a dictionary？Yes，I doNo，Idon't考點(diǎn)鏈接1Do you have a motorbike？（同義句）you a motorbike？2I don't have a mobile phone like thatI a mobile phone like that3Paul has a pocket puter，doesn't he？Paul hasa pocket puter，he？Keys：1Have，got 2haven't got 3got，hasn't2. What is a family?A family of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso in 1997A family is a domestic group of people, or a number of domestic groups, typically affiliated by birth or marriage, or by parable legal relationships including domestic partnership, adoption, surname and in some cases ownership (as was the case in the Roman Empire). Although many people (including social scientists) have understood familial relationships in terms of "blood," many anthropologists have argued that the notion of "blood" must be understood metaphorically, and in that in many societies family is understood through other concepts rather than "blood." Article 16(3) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights says, "The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State".3. English kinship terminologyMost Western societies employ English kinship terminology. This kinship terminology is mon in societies based on conjugal (or nuclear) families, where nuclear families must be relatively mobile. Members of the nuclear family use descriptive kinship terms: Mother: the female parent Father: the male parent Son: the males born of the mother; sired by the father Daughter: the females born of the mother; sired by the father Brother: a male born of the same mother; sired by the same father Sister: a female born of the same mother; sired by the same father It is generally assumed that the mother's husband is also the genitor. In some families, a woman may have children with more than one man or a man may have children with more than one woman. Children who share one parent but not another are called "half-brothers" or "half-sisters." Children who do not share parents, but whose parents are married, are called "step-brothers" or "step-sisters." If a person is married to the parent of a child, but is not the parent of the child themselves, then they are the "step-parent" of the child, either the "stepmother" or "stepfather". Children who are adopted into a family are generally called by the same terms as children born into the family. Typically, societies with conjugal families also favor neolocal residence; thus upon marriage a person separates from the nuclear family of their childhood (family of orientation) and forms a new nuclear family (family of procreation). This practice means that members of one's own nuclear family were once members of another nuclear family, or may one day bee members of another nuclear family. Members of the nuclear families of members of one's own nuclear family may be lineal or collateral. When they are lineal, they are referred to in terms that build on the terms used within the nuclear family: Grandfather: a parent's father Grandmother: a parent's mother Grandson: a child's son Granddaughter: a child's daughter When they are collateral, they are referred to in more classificatory terms that do not build on the terms used within the nuclear family: Uncle: father's brother, father's sister's husband, mother's brother, mother's sister's husband Aunt: father's sister, father's brother's wife, mother's sister, mother's brother's wife Nephew: sister's sons, brother's sons Niece: sister's daughters, brother's daughters When separated by additional generations (in other words, when one's collateral relatives belong to the same generation as one's grandparents or grandchildren), these terms are modified by the prefix "great". Most collateral relatives were never members of the nuclear family of the members of one's own nuclear family. Cousin: the most classificatory term; the children of aunts or uncles. Cousins may be further distinguished by degree of collaterality and generation. Two persons of the same generation who share a grandparent are "first cousins" (one degree of collaterality); if they share a great-grandparent they are "second cousins" (two degrees of collaterality) and so on. If the shared ancestor is the grandparent of one individual and the great-grandparent of the other, the individuals are said to be "first cousins once removed" (removed by one generation); if the shared ancestor is the grandparent of one individual and the great-great-grandparent of the other, the individuals are said to be "first cousins twice removed" (removed by two generations), and so on. Similarly, if the shared ancestor is the great-grandparent of one person and the great-great-grandparent of the other, the individuals are said to be "second cousins once removed." Distant cousins of an older generation (in other words, one's parents' first cousins) are technically first cousins once removed, but are often classified with "aunts" and "uncles".