2020版高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 課時作業(yè)21 Unit 1 Great scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5

課 時 作 業(yè) .閱讀理解(2019·康杰中學(xué)高三模擬)The year 2018 will mark the 100th anniversary of the deadliest influenza outbreak in history. It is estimated that the influenza pandemic(瘟疫) of 1918 killed more than 50 million people around the world. Other estimates go much higher. Because of a lack of medical record­keeping, we may never know the exact number.The influenza was a fast killer. Some victims died within hours of their first symptoms. Others died after a few days. “Their lungs filled with liquid and they choked to death.”The 1918 flu pandemic was also different from other outbreaks. It struck many young, healthy people. Viruses usually affect sick or old people.Although modern medicine effectively controls many diseases, influenza remains difficult to protect against. The World Health Organization estimates that every year influenza kills 250,000 to 500,000 people around the world. Each year, medical scientists develop flu vaccines(疫苗) which offer immunity(免疫)from some influenza viruses. But they can only guess which form of the virus will spread.Health officials remain concerned about another flu pandemic. New forms of the flu virus appear regularly. One example was the “swine flu”or H1N1 outbreak in 2009. Anthony Fauci, Director of the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in the United States says that virus caused a true pandemic.To stop the next pandemic, scientists are now researching how to create a universal influenza vaccine. In October 2017, Vanderbilt University Medical Center in the US announced the Universal Influenza Vaccine Initiative. The university said researchers are leading an international effort to develop a universal influenza vaccine that will protect everyone against all forms of the flu anywhere in the world. The university added that researchers will begin tests in early 2018, and the Human Vaccines Project, a public­private partnership, is funding the project. However, until a universal influenza vaccine is available, today's seasonal flu vaccine remains important.2018將是歷史上最致命的流感爆發(fā)的第100周年紀念。1918年的流感大流行導(dǎo)致全世界超過5 000萬人死亡?？梢娏鞲胁《颈葢?zhàn)爭更致命。為了阻止下一次大流行， 科學(xué)家們正在研究如何制造一種通用流感疫苗。1What do we know about the influenza in 1918?AIt swept across the whole Europe.BNo one survived the first few days.CIt killed the largest number of people.DIt struck only young and healthy people.答案：C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The year 2018 will mark the 100th anniversary of the deadliest influenza outbreak in history. It is estimated that the influenza pandemic (瘟疫) of 1918 killed more than 50 million people around the world.得知2018將是歷史上最致命的流感爆發(fā)的第100周年紀念。科學(xué)家估計， 1918年的流感大流行導(dǎo)致全世界超過5 000萬人死亡。故選C。2Why is influenza difficult to protect against?AIt spreads too rapidly.BIt is quite easy to catch.CNo vaccine is available.DIt's hard to judge the form of virus.答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Each year, medical scientists develop flu vaccines. But they can only guess which form of the virus will spread. 得知每年， 醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)家都在研制流感疫苗。但他們只能猜測病毒的哪種菌株會傳播。可以推斷出流感仍然難以抵御是因為專家不能確定病毒的形式，故選D。3What does the author want to tell by mentioning H1N1 in 2009?ANew forms of flu virus keeps appearing.BIt was the most serious in recent years.CIt was caused by the same flu virus of 1918.DThe H1N1 virus was deadly as well.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)Health officials remain concerned about another flu pandemic. New forms of the flu virus appear regularly. One example was the “swine flu” or H1N1 outbreak in 2009.得知衛(wèi)生官員仍對另一場流感大流行感到擔(dān)憂。新的流感病毒菌株定期出現(xiàn)。其中一個例子是2009年的“豬流感”或甲型H1N1流感疫情。得知舉例是為了說明新的流感病毒還在不斷出現(xiàn)，故選A。4What can we learn about the universal influenza vaccine?AThe development is quite costly.BIt will be used all over the world.CIt can protect against all forms of flu.DIt will soon come into use in 2018.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)The university said researchers are leading an international effort to develop a universal influenza vaccine that will protect everyone against all forms of the flu anywhere in the world.得知研究人員正在“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國際社會努力研制一種通用流感疫苗， 以保護每個人抵御世界上任何地方的流感病毒”，故選C。.完形填空(2019·云南省昆明市高三摸底調(diào)研)You may always hear about people who knew exactly what they wanted to do with their life from the time they were in kindergarten. I hadn't considered lots of career _1_ when I graduated from high school. Like most students who earn good grades in math and science classes, I found people _2_ me to be an engineer. But all of that changed when I went to my _3_.I will never forget the feeling of walking into my very first Biology _4_. I nervously found a seat and waited for the type of _5_ you see in TV shows, old and strict. What I got was exactly _6_. Dr Espinoza was a caring and _7_ teacher, and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology. Her exciting classes made me _8_ that I had other choices besides being a(n) _9_. It meant I was headed for a career in biological research._10_ Dr Espinoza and many other professors like her, I found that scientists aren't just what you _11_ on the National Geographic channel. They are real people who answer real questions and _12_ real problems. This led me to seek out _13_ to do real science projects and see if I _14_ it. While I was at university, I learned how to ask good questions，how to _15_ experiments and collect data, and how to share what I learned with people. As it _16_ I loved every minute of it.Falling in love with _17_ was a long process for me, but it led me to a job I love. Like the science itself, my journey toward being a scientist was _18_ , but helped along by many teachers and professors who _19_ me the way. Now, I try my best to learn new things and _20_ new knowledge.本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者是怎樣愛上生物學(xué)，成為一名科學(xué)家的。就像科學(xué)本身一樣，作者成為一名科學(xué)家的旅程也很緩慢，但許多老師和教授向作者展示了這條路?，F(xiàn)在，作者盡最大的努力去學(xué)習(xí)新的東西，創(chuàng)造新的知識。1A.development BdifficultyCchoices Drequirements答案：C解析：考查名詞。A.development發(fā)展；B.difficulty困難；C.choices選擇；D.requirements需要。根據(jù) I hadn't considered lots of career _1_ when I graduated from high school. 可知，當我從高中畢業(yè)的時候，我沒有考慮過很多職業(yè)選擇。故選C。2A.appointing BforcingCallowing Dencouraging答案：D解析：考查動詞。A.appointing任命；B.forcing強迫；C.allowing允許；D.encouraging鼓勵。根據(jù)Like most students who earn good grades in math and science classes，I found people _2_ me to be an engineer. 可知，像大多數(shù)在數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)課上取得好成績的學(xué)生一樣，我發(fā)現(xiàn)人們鼓勵我成為一名工程師。故選D。3A.university BofficeCroom Dlab答案：A解析：考查名詞。A.university大學(xué)；B.office辦公室；C.room房間；D.lab實驗室。根據(jù)But all of that changed when I went to my _3_.可知，但當我上大學(xué)的時候，一切都變了。故選A。4A.experiment BlectureCtest Dteamwork答案：B解析：考查名詞。A.experiment實驗；B.lecture演講；C.test測試；D.teamwork團隊合作。根據(jù)I will never forget the feeling of walking into my very first Biology _4_.可知，我永遠不會忘記我第一次生物學(xué)講座的感覺。故選B。5A.agent BvolunteerChost Dprofessor答案：D解析：考查名詞。A.agent代理人；B.volunteer志愿者；C.host主持人；D.professor教授。根據(jù)I nervously found a seat and waited for the type of _5_ you see in TV shows，old and strict. 可知，我緊張地找到了一個座位，等待著你在電視節(jié)目中看到的那種年長而嚴格的教授。故選D。6A.opposite BtraditionalCtypical Dsimilar答案：A解析：考查形容詞。A.opposite相反的；B.traditional傳統(tǒng)的；C.typical典型的；D.similar相似的。根據(jù)What I got was exactly _6_.可知，我得到的結(jié)果正好相反。故選A。7A.average BcasualCenthusiastic Dsevere答案：C解析：考查形容詞。A.average平均的；B.casual隨便的；C.enthusiastic熱情的；D.severe嚴重的。根據(jù)Dr Espinoza was a caring and _7_ teacher，and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology. 可知，Dr Espinoza是一位充滿愛心和熱情的老師，她的兩學(xué)期的課讓我愛上了生物學(xué)。故選C。8A.realize BregretCrefuse Drecall答案：A解析：考查動詞。A.realize意識到；B.regret后悔；C.refuse拒絕；D.recall 回想起。根據(jù)Her exciting classes made me _8_ that I had other choices besides being a(n) _9_.可知，她激動人心的課程讓我意識到，除了做工程師之外，我還有其他選擇。故選A。9A.lawyer BeducatorCscholar Dengineer答案：D解析：考查名詞。A.lawyer律師；B.educator教育家；C.scholar學(xué)者；D.engineer工程師。根據(jù)Her exciting classes made me _8_ that I had other choices besides being a(n) _9_.可知，她激動人心的課程讓我意識到，除了做工程師之外，我還有其他選擇。故選D。10A.As to BDue toCOn behalf of DIn spite of答案：B解析：考查詞組。A.As to至于；B.Due to由于；C.On behalf of 代表；D.In spite of盡管。根據(jù) _10_ Dr Espinoza and many other professors like her，I found that scientists aren't just what you _11_ on the National Geographic channel. 可知，由于Dr Espinoza和其他許多像她一樣的教授，我發(fā)現(xiàn)科學(xué)家不僅僅是你在the National Geographic channel學(xué)到的那樣。故選B。11A.take care of Bmake fun ofClearn about Dsearch for答案：C解析：考查動詞詞組。A.take care of照顧；B.make fun of取笑；C.learn about了解；D.search for尋找。根據(jù) _10_ Dr Espinoza and many other professors like her，I found that scientists aren't just what you _11_ on the National Geographic channel. 可知，由于Dr Espinoza和其他許多像她一樣的教授，我發(fā)現(xiàn)科學(xué)家不僅僅是你在the National Geographic channel學(xué)到的那樣。故選C。12A.solve BbringCraise Dignore答案：A解析：考查動詞。A.solve解決；B.bring拿來；C.raise提高；D.ignore忽視。根據(jù)They are real people who answer real questions and _12_ real problems. 可知，他們是真正的人，他們回答真正的問題，解決真正的問題。故選A。13A.concepts BopportunitiesCfaith Dambition答案：B解析：考查名詞。A.concepts概念；B.opportunities機會；C.faith信仰；D.ambition雄心。根據(jù)This led me to seek out _13_ to do real science projects and see if I _14_ it. 可知，這讓我尋找機會去做真正的科學(xué)項目，看看我是否喜歡它。故選B。14A.enjoyed BdoubtedCrecommended Dacknowledged答案：A解析：考查動詞。A.enjoyed喜愛；B.doubted懷疑；C.recommended 推薦；D.acknowledged獲得。根據(jù)This led me to seek out _13_ to do real science projects and see if I _14_ it. 可知，這讓我尋找機會去做真正的科學(xué)項目，看看我是否喜歡它。故選A。15A.replace BpredictCconduct Dcopy答案：C解析：考查動詞。A.replace替代；B.predict預(yù)測；C.conduct管理；D.copy復(fù)制。根據(jù)While I was at university，I learned how to ask good questions，how to _15_ experiments and collect data，and how to share what I learned with people. 可知，當我在大學(xué)的時候，我學(xué)會了如何問好問題，如何進行實驗和收集數(shù)據(jù)，以及如何與人分享我學(xué)到的東西。故選C。16A.came about Bbroke upCset off Dturned out答案：D解析：考查動詞詞組。A.came about產(chǎn)生；B.broke up分手，結(jié)束；C.set off出發(fā)；D.turned out結(jié)果是。根據(jù)As it _16_ I loved every minute of it. 可知，正如結(jié)果所示，我喜歡它的每一分鐘。故選D。17A.literature BscienceClanguage Dart答案：B解析：考查名詞。A.literature文學(xué)；B.science科學(xué)；C.language 語言；D.art藝術(shù)。根據(jù)Falling in love with _17_ was a long process for me，but it led me to a job I love. 可知，愛上科學(xué)對我來說是一個漫長的過程，但它讓我找到了一份我喜歡的工作。故選B。18A.precious BsmoothCbeneficial Dslow答案：D解析：考查形容詞。A.precious珍貴的；B.smooth順利的；C.beneficial有益的；D.slow慢的。根據(jù)Like the science itself，my journey toward being a scientist was _18_ ，but helped along by many teachers and professors who _19_ me the way. 可知，就像科學(xué)本身一樣，我作為一名科學(xué)家的旅程也很緩慢，但在許多老師和教授的幫助下，他們向我展示了這條路。故選D。19A.promised BshowedCleft Dawarded答案：B解析：考查動詞。A.promised許諾；B.showed出示；C.left離開；D.awarded得到回報。根據(jù)Like the science itself，my journey toward being a scientist was _18_ ，but helped along by many teachers and professors who _19_ me the way. 可知，就像科學(xué)本身一樣，我作為一名科學(xué)家的旅程也很緩慢，但在許多老師和教授的幫助下，他們向我展示了這條路。故選B。20A.record BadmireCcreate Dforget答案：C解析：考查動詞。A.record記錄；B.admire欽佩；C.create創(chuàng)造；D.forget忘記。根據(jù)Now，I try my best to learn new things and _20_ new knowledge. 可知，現(xiàn)在，我盡我最大的努力去學(xué)習(xí)新的東西，創(chuàng)造新的知識。故選C。.語法填空(2019·晉城市一中模擬)Styrofoam is plastic _1_ a bad reputation.It cannot be recycled without releasing (釋放) dangerous pollutants into the air. The US Environmental Protection Agency _2_ (say) it is the fifth largest creator of dangerous waste.Scientists from the US and China have discovered that mealworm can digest plastic. One mealworm can digest a pill­sized amount of plastic a day.Study co­author Wei­Min Wu says that in 24 hours, the plastic _3_ (turn) into carbon dioxide.Are the worms hurt by _4_ (eat) plastic? The study found that worms eating Styrofoam were as _5_ (health) as worms eating bran (糠)Styrofoam is a lightweight material, about 95 percent air, with very good insulation properties (絕緣性), according to Earthsource.org. It is used in products from _6_ (cup) that keep your drinks hot or cold to packaging materials _7_ protect items during shipping.“Solving _8_ problem of plastic pollution is important. Landfill space is becoming limited，” says Wu, a Stanford University environmental engineering instructor.About 33 million tons of plastic are thrown away in the United States every year. Plastic plates, cups and containers take _9_ 25 percent to 30 percent of space in America's landfills. One Styrofoam cup takes more than 1 million years _10_ (recycle) in a landfill, according to Cleveland State University.本文主要講了聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料是一種名聲極壞的塑料，是第五大有毒廢棄物的源頭。循環(huán)利用該塑料時，該塑料會釋放有危害的污染物。解決塑料污染問題迫在眉睫。中美兩國的科學(xué)家都已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)黃粉蟲可消化塑料。1with解析：考查介詞。with a bad reputation形容名聲極壞，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：聚苯乙烯是一種名聲極壞的泡沫塑料。故填with。2says解析：考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：美國環(huán)境保護署表示該塑料是第五大有毒廢棄物的源頭。文章介紹的是聚苯乙烯，用的一般現(xiàn)在時，而且句子的主語是The US Environmental Protection Agency，故填says。3is_turned解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：該研究合著者吳偉民(音譯)表示，24小時之內(nèi)，塑料就轉(zhuǎn)化為二氧化碳了。此處要用turn的謂語形式，聚苯乙烯是被黃粉蟲消化而轉(zhuǎn)化成二氧化碳的，故用被動語態(tài)，句子的主語是the plastic，故填is turned。4eating解析：考查動名詞。句意：黃粉蟲是否會因為進食塑料而受害呢？此處eat位于介詞by的后面，要用動名詞作賓語，故填eating。5healthy解析：考查形容詞。句意：該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)進食聚苯乙烯塑料泡沫的黃粉蟲與進食麩皮的黃粉蟲一樣健康。此空位于were之后，要用形容詞作表語，故填healthy。6cups解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：塑料通常用于各類產(chǎn)品，從用于熱飲保溫冷飲冷藏的杯子，到運輸過程中保護物品的包裝材料。此處cup為先行詞，其后的定語從句謂語動詞用了keep，所以先行詞應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)，即cup要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填cups。7that/which解析：考查定語從句關(guān)系代詞。句子的后半句為定語從句，先行詞是packaging materials，指物，在定語從句中作主語，故填that/which。8the解析：考查冠詞。句意：解決塑料污染問題是很重要的。此處的問題特指塑料污染問題，故填the。9up解析：考查固定搭配。句意：塑料盤子、杯子及容器占美國垃圾填埋空間的25%到30%。take up占據(jù)時間、空間，為固定搭配，故填up。10to_recycle解析：考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：據(jù)克利夫蘭州立大學(xué)稱，一個聚苯乙烯杯子填埋之后需要100多萬年時間才能降解。take some time to do sth.花掉多長時間去做某事，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故填to recycle。.短文改錯(2019·臨汾市高三聯(lián)考)Last Saturday I went camping with several friends. In the later afternoon, we put up our tent in the middle of a field. Then we cooked a meal over an open fire. The food smelt good. After a meal, we told story and played games by the camp fire. At the eleven o'clock we felt tired but we put out the fire and got into our tent. Lie in our warm sleeping­bags we slept soundly. At midnight one boy woke up and began shouting. The tent was full water! We got out of our sleeping­bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavy. A stream had formed in the field, that wound its way across the field and flow under our tent.答案9